Parental Care In Mammals
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Parental Care In Mammals
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Author : David J. Gubernick
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Parental Care In Mammals written by David J. Gubernick and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
The editors of this volume have honored me by their invitation to write its Fore word, an invitation extended because of my editing a book on the maternal behav ior of mammals in 1963. Much as I would like to think that I had opened a new area of study-and so played some part in the appearance of this fine new collec tion of chapters-the facts are quite otherwise. That in 1963 I could assemble the efforts of many distinguished investigators shows that the topic had already engaged their attention, and had for some years past. But even then, the topic had origins extending much farther into the past, to mention only Wiesner and Sheard's book Maternal Behavior in the Rat of 1933. Nevertheless, in 1963 it seemed to me that the study of maternal care in mammals had lagged behind the study of other kinds of social behavior. The present volume does much to establish parental care of the young as a topic central to an understanding of the relation between ontogeny and phylogeny, to the development of the young, to the social organization of the species, and to its preservation. It may now be seen not only as interesting but as a most signifi cant pattern of behavior among mammals.
Parental Care In Mammals
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Author : David J. Gubernick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Parental Care In Mammals written by David J. Gubernick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
The Evolution Of Parental Care
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Author : T. H. Clutton-Brock
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-12-31
The Evolution Of Parental Care written by T. H. Clutton-Brock and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with Science categories.
Synthesizing studies of parental care in a wide variety of animals, this book is the first attempt to provide general answers to the following important questions: Why does the extent of parental care vary so widely between species? Why do only females care for eggs and young in some animals, only males in others, and both parents in a few? To what extent is parental care adjusted to variation in its benefits to offspring and its costs to parents? How do parents divide their resources between their sons and daughters? In this book separate chapters examine the evolution of variation in egg and neonate size, of viviparity and other forms of bearing, and of differences in the duration of incubation, gestation, and lactation. The book reviews theoretical and empirical predictions concerning the evolution of parental care and examines the extent to which these are supported by empirical evidence. The author examines the distribution of parental care among offspring, reviews the empirical evidence that parents invest to different extents in their sons and daughters, and discusses the degree to which parents manipulate the sex ratio of their progeny in relation to the availability of resources.
The Evolution Of Male Parental Care In Mammals
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Author : Hannah E. R. West
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Evolution Of Male Parental Care In Mammals written by Hannah E. R. West and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The Evolution Of Parental Care
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Author : Nick J. Royle
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-09
The Evolution Of Parental Care written by Nick J. Royle and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-09 with Science categories.
Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the current state of the study of the evolution of parental care, written by some of the top researchers in the field, and taking a broad taxonomic approach.
The Evolution Of Parental Care
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Author : Mathias Kölliker
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2012-08-09
The Evolution Of Parental Care written by Mathias Kölliker and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-09 with Science categories.
Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. It is taxonomically widespread and is central to the maintenance of biodiversity through its close association with other phenomena such as sexual selection, life-history evolution, sex allocation, sociality, cooperation and conflict, growth and development, genetic architecture, and phenotypic plasticity. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the study of the evolution of parental care based on contributions from some of the top researchers in the field. It provides evidence that the dynamic nature of family interactions, and particularly the potential for co-evolution among family members, has contributed to the great diversity of forms of parental care and life-histories across as well as within taxa. The Evolution of Parental Care aims to stimulate students and researchers alike to pursue exciting new directions in this fascinating and important area of behavioural and evolutionary biology. It will be of relevance and use to those working in the fields of animal behaviour, ecology, evolution, and genetics, as well as related disciplines such as psychology and sociology.
Parental Care Evolution Mechanisms And Adaptive Significance
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1996-11-18
Parental Care Evolution Mechanisms And Adaptive Significance written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-18 with Psychology categories.
Advances in the Study of Behavior presents its first thematic volume, focusing on the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying parental care. The book discusses parental care both within and across taxa, with coverage of invertebrates and early vertebrates, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, mammals, birds, and nonhuman primates. A running theme throughout the chapters shows that parental care is anchored to the ecology, reproductive physiology, and embryonic development of a species. Coverage also includes mechanisms of parental care, including analysis of the stimuli that parents respond to and how parental care is initiated, maintained, and terminated. Individual differences within species are also explored, examining stable differences in maternal style, how they arise, and the consequences for both mother and infant.
Infanticide And Parental Care
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Author : Stefano Parmigiani
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-12-05
Infanticide And Parental Care written by Stefano Parmigiani and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-05 with Medical categories.
First published in 1994. Infanticide is an extremely complex behavioral pattern that occurs throughout the animal kingdom and it must be considered not only in isolation but also from the viewpoint of an animal's care of its young. Infanticide and Parental Care will be of interest to zoologists, evolutionary biologists and biological anthropologists. The concept of infanticide is considered in different mammals such as humans, primates, pinnipeds, lions, dwarf mongooses and prairie dogs and in non-mammals including insects and birds. Infanticide and Parental Care also views the topic in different environmental conditions such as the natural habitat of an animal and animals kept in laboratory conditions. The wide implications of infanticide mean that this book will also be useful to historians, anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists.
Behaviour Development And Evolution
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Author : Patrick Bateson
language : en
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
Release Date : 2017-02-20
Behaviour Development And Evolution written by Patrick Bateson and has been published by Open Book Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-20 with Science categories.
The role of parents in shaping the characters of their children, the causes of violence and crime, and the roots of personal unhappiness are central to humanity. Like so many fundamental questions about human existence, these issues all relate to behavioural development. In this lucid and accessible book, eminent biologist Professor Sir Patrick Bateson suggests that the nature/nurture dichotomy we often use to think about questions of development in both humans and animals is misleading. Instead, he argues that we should pay attention to whole systems, rather than to simple causes, when trying to understand the complexity of development. In his wide-ranging approach Bateson discusses why so much behaviour appears to be well-designed. He explores issues such as ‘imprinting’ and its importance to the attachment of offspring to their parents; the mutual benefits that characterise communication between parent and offspring; the importance of play in learning how to choose and control the optimal conditions in which to thrive; and the vital function of adaptability in the interplay between development and evolution. Bateson disputes the idea that a simple link can be found between genetics and behaviour. What an individual human or animal does in its life depends on the reciprocal nature of its relationships with the world about it. This knowledge also points to ways in which an animal’s own behaviour can provide the variation that influences the subsequent course of evolution. This has relevance not only for our scientific approaches to the systems of development and evolution, but also on how humans change institutional rules that have become dysfunctional, or design public health measures when mismatches occur between themselves and their environments. It affects how we think about ourselves and our own capacity for change.
Parental Care And The Development Of The Parent Offspring Conflict In Discus Fish Symphysodon Spp
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Author : Jonathan Buckley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Parental Care And The Development Of The Parent Offspring Conflict In Discus Fish Symphysodon Spp written by Jonathan Buckley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Parental care has evolved across the animal kingdom to increase the probability of offspring surviving in an environment fraught with danger. While parental care is common among mammals and birds, it is relatively rare in fish with the vast majority of fish showing no form of parental care at all, whilst those that do, often just provide parental care to developing eggs pre-hatch. The provision of parental care in discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) is, therefore, interesting in that parents provide mucus to offspring as a source of nutrition during the first few weeks of care. In mammals this post-birth provision of parental care can lead to the development of the parent offspring conflict. It is, however, possible that this conflict is also present in discus fish. This thesis examines both the interesting parental care strategy of discus fish along with the potential for the parent offspring conflict to develop. To examine the dynamics of parental care in discus fish, a range of behavioural and mucus composition studies were carried out. The analysis of mucus revealed that similar to mammals, parents provided offspring with an initial high quantity of nutritional and non-nutritional factors including antibodies (IgM), essential ions and hormones. Behavioural studies also revealed that initially parents were highly diligent in providing care to offspring but that after two weeks of care, the behaviour of parents changed making it harder for offspring to obtain mucus. At this point a weaning period was initiated where offspring began spending less time with parents and more time foraging for external food sources. The initiation of this weaning period suggests the presence of the parent offspring conflict and indicates that a point is reached where the energetic demands of offspring are too great and that energy is better invested in to future offspring. Research into the bite size and feeding rate of fry suggest that during the weaning period fry could demand excessive amounts of mucus, which may be energetically unsustainable leading to the observed offspring avoiding behaviour of parents. As parental care behaviour is known to be intimately associated with mate choice, mate choice behaviour was also assessed in discus fish with the hypothesis that the ability to provide mucus would be selected for by prospective mates. While my dietary experiment did not influence mucus quality, the mate choice experiment did reveal the importance of hierarchies in discus fish, indicating that dominant individuals were significantly more likely to pair than subordinates. This is similar to that observed in closely related cichlids where the ability to be dominant and protect a territory was indicative of the ability to successfully raise offspring. In conclusion, the parental care behaviour of discus fish appears to share more similarities with that seen in mammals than that observed in fish. The implications of these findings indicate that parental care in discus fish could be a new model of parent offspring conflict hitherto unseen in fish which could ultimately help our understanding of the evolution of parental care in fish.