Pathogenic Yeasts And Yeast Infections
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Pathogenic Yeasts And Yeast Infections
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Author : Esther Segal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1994-05-09
Pathogenic Yeasts And Yeast Infections written by Esther Segal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-05-09 with Medical categories.
Pathogenic Yeasts and Yeast Infections focuses on two major yeast genera (Candida and Cryptococcus) and the spectrum of their respective diseases. The book examines the biology of the yeasts, pathogenesis, epidemiology and host response, pathology and clinical symptomatology, diagnosis, and therapy. Genetic studies, morphology, yeast physiology, basic metabolic processes, immunological activity, and the current status of vaccines are addressed as well. In the clinical arena, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical syndromes, organ specificity, diagnostic techniques, and treatment are explored through personal experience and a broad survey of the current literature. The book is authoritative and logically organized for easy reference.
Pathogenic Yeasts
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Author : Ruth Ashbee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-27
Pathogenic Yeasts written by Ruth Ashbee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-27 with Science categories.
Mycological studies of yeasts are entering a new phase, with the sequencing of multiple fungal genomes informing our understanding of their ability to cause disease and interact with the host. At the same time, the ongoing use of traditional methods in many clinical mycology laboratories continues to provide information for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. This volume reviews various aspects of pathogenic yeasts and what is known about their molecular and cellular biology and virulence, in addition to looking at clinical and laboratory findings. As each chapter is written by a leading expert in the field, this book summarizes in one volume much of the latest research on several pathogenic yeasts, including Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia and yeasts of emerging importance. The importance of laboratory diagnosis, antifungal susceptibility testing, antifungal resistance and yeast diseases in animals are reviewed.
Dimorphism In Human Pathogenic And Apathogenic Yeasts
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Author : Joachim F. Ernst
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2000-01-01
Dimorphism In Human Pathogenic And Apathogenic Yeasts written by Joachim F. Ernst and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Medical categories.
'... The book is an interesting mixture of both clinical and fundamental mycology.... is illustrated throughout with excellent black and white photographs, clear diagrams and useful tables, and each chapter contains an extensive list of relevant publications. It is an excellent review of many aspects of dimorphisms in yeasts.'
Vulvovaginal Candidosis
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Author : Werner Mendling
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vulvovaginal Candidosis written by Werner Mendling and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Fungal infections in the female play an increasingly large role in everyday gynecological practice. This is the first book to deal comprehensively with vulvovaginal candidosis. Following an introduction outlining the incidence of yeasts in man, genital colonization in the female sex, yeast in pregnancy and neonatal mycoses, there is a description of the modes of infection and the known host reactions, as well as of the symptoms for diagnosis and therapy. Some 150 color illustrations depict all known facultative pathogenetic candida species and other potentially pathogenetic yeasts in pure culture and under the microscope. Clinical examples help explain the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The volume provides the physician with handy, concise and practice-oriented guidelines to correct diagnosis and effective treatment of yeasts in the female patient.
Yeasts And Yeast Like Microorganisms In Medical Science
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Author : Kazuo Iwata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Yeasts And Yeast Like Microorganisms In Medical Science written by Kazuo Iwata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Candida albicans categories.
Candida Albicans
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Author : S. S. Nayna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Candida Albicans written by S. S. Nayna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Candida albicans categories.
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast and it is a common member of the human gut flora. It does not proliferate outside the human body. It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40â60% of healthy adults. It is usually a commensal organism but can become pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals under a variety of conditions. Yeast infection is caused by a specific strain of yeast known as Candida. Although a small amount of yeast is found in the body, yeast infection occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida. Most yeast infections is caused by Candida albicans. Fungal that affects different areas of the body like skin, mouth, genitals, throat and blood. The yeast Candida albicans lives inside every one of us. Normally it presents no problems, but today's widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, antacids, contraceptive pills, and steroids, as well as the all-too-common sugar-rich diet, can lead to a proliferation of this parasitic yeast within the body. Often overlooked by doctors, overgrowth of Candida has been linked to a wide variety of physical and mental problems such as: acne; heartburn; muscular pain; anxiety; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); fibromyalgia; bloating and constipation; chronic fatigue; migraine; cystitis irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); allergies; menstrual problems; irritability Candida that causes the human infection candidiasis results from an overgrowth of the fungus is for example often observed in HIV-infected patients. C. albicans is the most common fungal species isolated from biofilms either formed on (permanent) implanted medical devices or on human tissue. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata are together responsible for 50 -- 90% of all cases of candidiasis in humans. A mortality rate of 40% has been reported for patients with systemic candidiasis due to C. albicans. Invasive candidiasis contracted in a hospital causes 2,800 to 11,200 deaths yearly in the U.S. C. albicans is commonly used as a model organism for biology. It is also known as sweet fungus and sugar inhibits its growth. It is generally referred to as a dimorphic fungus because it grows both as yeast and filamentous cells. However, it has several different morphological phenotypes. C. albicans was for a long time considered an obligate diploid organism without a haploid stage. This is, however, not the case. Next to a haploid stage C. albicans can also exist in a tetraploid stage. The latter is formed when diploid C. albicans cells mate when they are in the opaque form. Candida thrives well on sugar and needs an acidic environment to survive. Processed and refined foods high in gluten and sugar (including natural sugars) create an ideal home for Candida, so the most logical place to start battling the enemy is by restricting intake of alcohol, sweets, bread, vinegar and foods containing vinegar, peanuts and foods high in sugar â including sweet fruits such as bananas and dates. Include protein rich foods like avocados, chia seeds and wild-caught fish. Garlic and turmeric (also known as curcumin) is a natural anti-fungal that can kill Candida. The best potent and all-natural candida killer is coconut oil. It contains caprylic acid, which has anti-microbial properties that can kill yeasts and candida. Studies have shown that it is more effective in treating candidiasis than the prescription drug fluconazole. There are relatively few drugs that can successfully treat Candidiasis. Treatment commonly includes amphotericin B,echinocandin, or fluconazole for systemic infections. Nystatin for oral and esophageal infection and Clotrimazole for skin and genital yeast infections.
A Simple And Noninvasive Zebrafish Egg Infection Model For Studying Pathogenic Yeasts
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Author : H.J. Lo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
A Simple And Noninvasive Zebrafish Egg Infection Model For Studying Pathogenic Yeasts written by H.J. Lo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
ObjectivesThe prevalence of fungal infections increases significantly in the past two decades. Major infections (~70%) are caused by Candida species. Candida albicans is polymorphic yeast that grows as yeast form which can extend to hyphae or pseudohyphae form. Disseminated candidiasis is associated with 30u201340% mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. We have established a simple, noninvasive zebrafish egg bath infection model, defined its optimal conditions, and evaluated the model with various C. albicans mutant strains. We also applied this model to study pathogenesis of other Candida spp.MethodsWild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio), aged approximately 8 -15 months were maintained in the zebrafish core facility at National Health Research Institutes (NHRI). One day post-fertilization, the embryos were sterilized using 0.028% chlorine bleach containing 0.0017% sodium hypochlorite to reduce the possibility of contamination. In general, after co-incubation, non-adhered Candida cells were removed from embryos by washing with egg water 3 times. Embryos incubated in 1 mL of egg water in 24-well plates at 30 u00baC were imaged daily under an inverted microscope, with a beating heart used to indicate viability. ResultsThe deletion of SAP6 did not have significant effect on the virulence. By contrast, the deletion of BCR1, CPH1, EFG1, or TEC1 significantly reduced the virulence under current conditions. Furthermore, all embryos survived when co-incubated with bcr1/bcr1, cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1, efg1/efg1, or tec1/tec1 mutant cells.Conclusion The results indicated that our novel zebrafish model is time-saving and cost effective. Recently, we extended our novel zebrafish egg infection model to study the pathogenesis of other common Candida species, including C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis.
Yeast Diversity In Human Welfare
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Author : Tulasi Satyanarayana
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-05-13
Yeast Diversity In Human Welfare written by Tulasi Satyanarayana and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-13 with Science categories.
This book brings together and updates the latest information on the diversity of yeasts, their molecular features and their applications in the welfare of mankind. Yeasts are eukaryotic microfungi widely found in natural environments, including those with extreme conditions such as low temperatures, low oxygen levels and low water availability. To date, approximately 2,000 of the estimated 30,000 to 45,000 species of yeast on Earth, belonging to around 200 genera have been described. Although there are a few that are opportunistic human and animal pathogens, the vast majority of yeasts are beneficial, playing an important role in the food chain and in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. In addition, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris are used in expressing foreign genes to produce proteins of pharmaceutical interest. A landmark in biotechnology was reached in 1996 with the completion of sequencing of the entire S. cerevisiae genome, and it has now become a central player in the development of an entirely new approach to biological research and synthetic biology. The sequencing of genomes of several yeasts including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neofromans has also recently been completed. candida albicans="" and="" p/pp
Yeasts In Biotechnology And Human Health
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Author : Isabel Sá-Correia
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-25
Yeasts In Biotechnology And Human Health written by Isabel Sá-Correia and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-25 with Science categories.
This book discusses genome-based strategies to provide a holistic understanding of yeasts in Human Health and as model organisms in basic research or industrial production. Using numerous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and various non-conventional yeast species isolated from diverse origins, it describes essential biological processes, the biotechnological exploitation of yeast and pathogenesis control. It also demonstrates how functional and comparative genomics and the development of genome engineering tools are used in modern yeast research. The use of yeasts as experimental eukaryotic models increasingly gained prominence when several Nobel Prizes in Physiology/Medicine and Chemistry were awarded for innovative research, using yeast strains to elucidate molecular mechanisms in a wide range of human physiological processes and diseases, such as autophagy, cell cycle regulation and telomerase activity. This book offers useful insights for scientists in yeast research, clinical scientists working with yeast infectious models and for industrial researchers using applied microbiology.
U201cmoonlightingu201d Adhesins At The Cell Surface Of Candida Glabrata Pathogenic Yeasts
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Author : A. Kozik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
U201cmoonlightingu201d Adhesins At The Cell Surface Of Candida Glabrata Pathogenic Yeasts written by A. Kozik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Objectives:The adhesion of microbial pathogens to the host cellsu2014a critical step for the host infectionu2014depends on an arsenal of proteins, collectively called adhesins that are exposed on the pathogen surface and bind numerous host proteins. Besides typical adhesins, some pathogen proteins are loosely associated with the cell surface and identical with well known intracellular enzymes, involved in the crucial conserved metabolic routes. Secreted via yet unknown mechanism(s), these u201cmoonlighting proteinsu201d perform a new function of adhesins.Candida glabrata is the second, after Candida albicans, most common fungal pathogen of humans that causes various infectious diseases ranging from superficial candidiasis such as oral thrush to life-threatening bloodstream infections. Unlike other species from the Candida genus, C. glabrata is haploid yeast unable to convert into invasive hyphal forms, but still possesses a wide repertoire of virulence attributes, including the presence of adhesive proteins at the fungal cell surface.The present study aimed to identify C. glabrata surface-exposed proteins that can be classified as moonlighting proteins with a putative adhesin activity.Methods:Candida glabrata was cultured in various media, some of them simulating the conditions at the host niches, often infected by this pathogen. The fungal u201csurfaceomeu201d was analyzed by a rapid method based on the u201ccell surface shavingu201d with trypsin, combined with the u201cshotgunu201d proteomic approach. Some of the identified yeast surface proteins that appeared identical with enzymes known to normally reside in the cytoplasm, were extracted from the yeast cell wall with 1,6-glucanase, followed by purification by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Interactions of these purified proteins with human extracellular matrix proteinsu2014fibronectin and vitronectinu2014were quantitatively characterized using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements.Results:Under each of the conditions tested, a large number of various surface-exposed proteins were detected, including typical cell wall proteins such as the epithelial adhesin 6 (Epa6) and cell wall mannoprotein Cwp1, several heat shock proteins and a wide variety of moonlighting proteins. Two of the latteru2014enolase (Eno1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Tdh3)u2014belonged to the most abundant surface-exposed C. glabrata proteins after growth in all culture media used. After isolation and purification, these glycolytic enzymes were found to bind vitronectin and fibronectin, with the dissociation constants within a 10-8-10-7 M range, suggesting their adhesin function.Several other moonlighting proteins were also identified at the cell surface of C. glabrata cultured under specific conditions. These included the enzymes that in the cytoplasm are involved in the glycolysis (triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase), fermentation (pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the pentose phosphate pathway (transaldolase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase).Conclusion:The presence of numerous diverse moonlighting proteins at the surface of C. glabrata cells suggests their potential collective involvement in the pathogenesis of infections caused by these yeasts.This work was supported in part by the National Science Centre of Poland (grant no. 2016/23/B/NZ6/00089 awarded to A.K.).