Pedestrian And Vehicle Traffic Modelling
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Pedestrian And Vehicle Traffic Modelling
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Author : LV Wei
language : en
Publisher: Eliva Press
Release Date : 2023-07-25
Pedestrian And Vehicle Traffic Modelling written by LV Wei and has been published by Eliva Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-25 with categories.
As two core elements of traffic system, pedestrian and vehicle have always been the focus of research on traffic flow dynamics, and modelling research of them is also one of the important means to explore basic traffic flow, which is helpful to provide scientific guiding principles for the formulation of traffic and crowd evacuation programs under the disaster environment. The theme of the book is to present the basic method of modelling vehicle and pedestrian dynamics on the basis of classical traffic theory and model. The contents mainly include four parts: In the part of vehicle traffic flow modelling, models based on basic car-following and lane-changing behaviour are introduced. In the part of pedestrian traffic flow modelling, pedestrian models that can realistically and accurately reflect characteristics or rules of pedestrian flow are developed. In the part of vehicle-pedestrian mixed traffic flow modelling, an improved KKW model and a pedestrian motion model considering TTC is proposed, in which the spatial motion of a vehicle and a pedestrian is uniformly updated horizontally and longitudinally. In the part of related application, some evacuation models and methods are involved. It is hoped that this book could provide a reference for scholars in the relevant research field. Modelling vehicle and pedestrian movement is of great scientific significance for analyzing and optimizing the evacuation strategies for people in the disaster environment, which also can provide rich and reliable core model library support for the development of traffic software. It is hoped that this book could provide a reference for relevant scholars.
Modeling Behavior In Vehicular And Pedestrian Traffic Flow
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Author : Michael J. Markowski
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008
Modeling Behavior In Vehicular And Pedestrian Traffic Flow written by Michael J. Markowski and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Pedestrian traffic flow categories.
This dissertation investigates the design and analysis of vehicular and pedestrian models. A type of vehicular model is developed both to offer novel contributions to vehicle behavior modeling as well as to use as a tool to learn how to create an even more complex behavioral model of pedestrian movement. First, the current state of modeling is investigated including purely behavioral studies and engineering modeling techniques. Behavioral studies are drawn largely from the field of urban affairs and planning while engineering modeling methods are drawn from civil engineering, mathematics, and computer science. Second, a model of vehicular traffic is constructed by first implementing existing work in software. Existing work focuses on single lane traffic, so we next extend the model to support lane changing in multiple lanes. The new mathematical rules are implemented in software and effects of lane changing then studied. The model contributes new capabilities to the field and provides experience to next create a more complex pedestrian model. Third, an algorithmic model of pedestrian movement is created. At its simplest level, steering rules are used that are drawn from the literature. New rules and models are created to support groups and simple social interaction. Learning and memory are then modeled so that simulated pedestrians are human-like in ways that have an effect on congestion. Fourth, software is developed that implements the model. While the model offers a means, i.e., function parameters, for calibration, an implementation must exist to take advantage of that. The software is designed using an object-oriented approach in conjunction with agent based modeling. A pedestrian is an object and agent, learns, has memory, follows its schedule, and moves in, affects and is affected by its environment, and explores the environment. Results from the calibrated software show that the model produces reliable results for situations where the modeled behavior is typical. Contributions to transportation engineering include the vehicular and especially the pedestrian model. Proof of concept software implementation shows the utility of the models and how they can be used to ease and improve design of vehicular and pedestrian areas.
Transport Simulation
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Author : Edward Chung
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-05-07
Transport Simulation written by Edward Chung and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-07 with Science categories.
In recent years, the transport simulation of large road networks has become far more rapid and detailed, and many exciting developments in this field have emerged. Within this volume, the authors describe the simulation of automobile, pedestrian, and rail traffic coupled to new applications, such as the embedding of traffic simulation into driving simulators, to give a more realistic environment of driver behavior surrounding the subject vehicle. New approaches to traffic simulation are described, including the hybrid mesoscopic-microscopic model and floor-field agent-based simulation. Written by an invited panel of experts, this book addresses students, engineers, and scholars, as well as anyone who needs a state-of-the-art overview of transport simulation today.
Collective Pedestrian Motion Under Vehicle Influence
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Author : Dongfang Yang (Writer on pedestrian traffic flow)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Collective Pedestrian Motion Under Vehicle Influence written by Dongfang Yang (Writer on pedestrian traffic flow) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Intelligent transportation systems categories.
The mathematical modeling of the collective pedestrian motion under vehicle influence benefits various applications in intelligent transportation, for example, shared space analysis and urban autonomous driving. This research presents a dataset to support such pedestrian motion study, a social force based model to describe the pedestrian motion, and two case studies to demonstrate the application of the model. Specifically, a pedestrian trajectory dataset was created to overcome the limitations of existing datasets that do not cover collective pedestrian motion under vehicle influence. Then, this research proposed the sub-goal social force model (SG-SFM) to describe the pedestrian motion. Based on the ordinary social force model, the SG-SFM incorporated the sub-goal concept and simplified the combination of the surrounding pedestrians' influence and vehicle influence. The genetic algorithm was applied to calibrate the model, in both a universal fashion and a group-based fashion. The model was first quantitatively evaluated over three different datasets, and then qualitatively evaluated over systematically designed fundamental interaction scenarios. The evaluation results demonstrated that the SG-SFM can successfully describe the collective pedestrian motion under vehicle influence. Furthermore, this research conducted two case studies to show the applicability and flexibility of the proposed pedestrian motion model. In the first case, the traffic efficiency of a shared space scenario was evaluated using the proposed SG-SFM. In the second case, the pedestrian motion model was modified and customized to be used in an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing scenario. The modification mainly introduces a state transition mechanism to describe the pedestrian's decision making of crossing the road. Both case studies demonstrated the successful application of the social force based pedestrian motion model.
Modelling Passenger Flows In Public Transport Facilities
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Author : Winnie Daamen
language : en
Publisher: Delft University Press
Release Date : 2004
Modelling Passenger Flows In Public Transport Facilities written by Winnie Daamen and has been published by Delft University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Political Science categories.
"This is a Ph.D. thesis. Until the early seventies of the last century, pedestrian traffic has hardly been subject of research. About that time, researchers started studying pedestrian behavior more intensively, first by watching and deriving (simple) theories and models from what they observed techniques became available, computers became faster and could handle larger and more complicated models, the number of available pedestrian models as well as their application scope and accuracy increased significantly. Contents include: Introduction, User requirements of a pedestrian flow simulation tool, State-of-the-art pedestrian flow theory, Laboratory experiments on pedestrian walking behavior, Identification of processes and elements in a pedestrian flow model, models for pedestrian behavior in public transport facilities, Implementation of a pedestrian flow simulation model, Verification and validation of SimPed, Case studies with SimPed, Conclusions, Bibliography: SimPed input and output, Set up and test of the laboratory experiments, Dynamic quality of the route choice model, Comparison of SimPed walking model with traffic flow theory and shock-wave theory, Data collection for validation of SimPed."
Behavior Analysis And Modeling Of Traffic Participants
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Author : Xiaolin Song
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Behavior Analysis And Modeling Of Traffic Participants written by Xiaolin Song and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A road traffic participant is a person who directly participates in road traffic, such as vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists, however, traffic accidents cause numerous property losses, bodily injuries, and even deaths to them. To bring down the rate of traffic fatalities, the development of the intelligent vehicle is a much-valued technology nowadays. It is of great significance to the decision making and planning of a vehicle if the pedestrians' intentions and future trajectories, as well as those of surrounding vehicles, could be predicted, all in an effort to increase driving safety. Based on the image sequence collected by onboard monocular cameras, we use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based network with an enhanced attention mechanism to realize the intention and trajectory prediction of pedestrians and surrounding vehicles. However, although the fully automatic driving era still seems far away, human drivers are still a crucial part of the road‒driver‒vehicle system under current circumstances, even dealing with low levels of automatic driving vehicles. Considering that more than 90 percent of fatal traffic accidents were caused by human errors, thus it is meaningful to recognize the secondary task while driving, as well as the driving style recognition, to develop a more personalized advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or intelligent vehicle. We use the graph convolutional networks for spatial feature reasoning and the LSTM networks with the attention mechanism for temporal motion feature learning within the image sequence to realize the driving secondary-task recognition. Moreover, aggressive drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Thus, we will focus on the driving style classification for the longitudinal car-following scenario. Also, based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving database, the relationships among drivers' demographic characteristics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors are fully discussed. Results and conclusions from this short book are expected to offer potential guidance and benefits for promoting the development of intelligent vehicle technology and driving safety.
Traffic Flow Theory And Characteristics 2012
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Traffic Flow Theory And Characteristics 2012 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Automobile drivers categories.
"TRB's Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2316 consists of 15 papers that explore gap acceptance behavior; driving behavior in emergency situations; driver anticipation; phase transition models; integrated lane change models; models for pedestrian-vehicle interactions at road crossings; midblock pedestrian crossings; exit choice decisions during pedestrian evacuations of buildings; pedestrian movements in crowded networks; congestion effects on risk by experienced drivers; shared car, bicycle, and pedestrian zones; and numerical analysis for adaptive traffic simulation."--publ. info.
Traffic Flow Dynamics
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Author : Martin Treiber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-10
Traffic Flow Dynamics written by Martin Treiber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-10 with Science categories.
This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
Traffic Flow Models Allowing For Pedestrians And Cyclists
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Author : Samantha Y. Taylor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Traffic Flow Models Allowing For Pedestrians And Cyclists written by Samantha Y. Taylor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with City traffic categories.
Covers traffic flow, traffic models, pedestrians, cyclists, safety and mobility.
Model Pedestrian Safety Program
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Author : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Implementation Division
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Model Pedestrian Safety Program written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Implementation Division and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Pedestrian accidents categories.