Pediatric Neurology Part Ii
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Pediatric Neurology Part Ii
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Author : Olivier Dulac
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-04-23
Pediatric Neurology Part Ii written by Olivier Dulac and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-23 with Medical categories.
The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : Olivier Dulac
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by Olivier Dulac and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
Pediatric Neurology Part Iii
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part Iii written by and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : Robert H.A. Haslam
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by Robert H.A. Haslam and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
A thorough but focused history and neurological examination remain the most important initial elements of neurological diagnosis at all ages. Advances over the past two decades in clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, genetics, and neuropathological examination of tissue have at times appeared to predominate over traditional history and physical exam, but no laboratory studies can provide the focus and clues to diagnosis that clinical findings offer. History taking and the techniques of neurological examination are skills to be learned by the student, refined by the resident, and practiced and perfected throughout the career of a pediatric neurologist. Examination must be specifically modified to correspond to age and with the expectation of developmental skills achieved at various ages, in addition to the localizing value of particular signs that may apply at all ages. Hypotonia, extensor plantar responses, and lack of visual fixation may be normal in a preterm infant but abnormal at several months of age. “Primitive” reflexes disappear at a certain age, but really are only suppressed or inhibited and may become re-expressed with disinhibition many decades later. Finally, the pediatric neurologist needs to have a firm foundation in normal development, neuroembryology, and changes in the expression of diseases at various stages of maturation of the nervous system.
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : Steve Majerus
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by Steve Majerus and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
Memory disorders are a frequent consequence of a variety of childhood neurological conditions. We will review the characteristics of memory disorders as a function of the main four memory systems: short-term memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and procedural memory. For each system, we will identify the most typical cerebral and/or genetic correlates, and we will discuss the impact of impairment of each memory system on everyday life functioning.
Acute Pediatric Neurology
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Author : Thomas Sejersen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-22
Acute Pediatric Neurology written by Thomas Sejersen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-22 with Medical categories.
This book provides recommendations for evaluation and therapy in the area of acute pediatric neurology; these are presented didactically with frequent use of illustrations and algorithms. Chapters in the first part of the book discuss presenting symptoms of acute neurological conditions. The second part of the book covers major areas of acute pediatric neurology and each of these chapters has three key elements: description of presenting symptoms; recommended assessments; and recommended interventions. Acute Pediatric Neurology provides an accessible, clinically focused guide to assist physicians in the emergency ward or intensive care unit in decisions on diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in all major acute pediatric neurological diseases.
Pediatric Neurology
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Author : Kenneth F. Swaiman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Pediatric Neurology written by Kenneth F. Swaiman and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Medical categories.
This Gold Standard in clinical child neurology presents the entire specialty in the most comprehensive, authoritative, and clearly written fashion. Its clinical focus, along with relevant science, throughout is directed at both the experienced clinician and the physician in training. New editor, Dr. Ferriero brings expertise in neonatal neurology to the Fourth Edition. New chapters: Pathophysiology of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation, Pediatric Neurotransmitter Diseases, Neurophysiology of Epilepsy, Genetics of Epilepsy, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Medicine, Neuropsychopharmacology, Pain and Palliative Care Management, Ethical Issues in Child Neurology
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : Camfield Peter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by Camfield Peter and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
Epilepsy has protean manifestations and may be diagnosed when two unprovoked seizures have occurred. This determination is nearly always based on the available history because most seizures have stopped long before patients arrive at medical care. Great care must be taken, even by experts, to correctly interpret the history and there is strong evidence that incorrect diagnoses are frequent. An abnormal EEG cannot rule epilepsy in or out unless an actual seizure is recorded. When the diagnosis of epilepsy is based only on two seizures, the seizures are usually generalized tonic–clonic. Less “severe” seizure types usually occur multiple times before prompting a medical visit. Some patients present with what seems to be a first generalized tonic–clonic seizure but have a history of less severe attacks that have not brought them to medical attention – epilepsy can then be diagnosed. Others present with staring spells, episodes of confusion, body jerks, spasms, drops, loss of speech and social interactions and/or cognitive function, paroxysmal events during sleep, and febrile seizures. This chapter examines and considers the differential diagnoses for each of these modes of presentation. The consequences of a missed alternate diagnosis, such as cardiac arrhythmia, may be profound.
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : T. Bast
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by T. Bast and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
Seizures with fever that result from encephalitis or meningitis usually occur late in the course of febrile illness, and are focal and prolonged. Febrile seizures are by far the most common affecting 5% of the population, followed by posttraumatic seizures and those observed in the setting of a toxic, infectious, or metabolic encephalopathy. This chapter reviews the clinical presentation of the three most common forms, due to fever, trauma, and intoxication. Febrile seizures carry no cognitive or mortality risk. Recurrence risk is increased by young age, namely before 1 year of age. Febrile seizures that persist after the age of 6 years are usually part of the syndrome of Generalized epilepsy febrile seizures plus. These febrile seizures have a strong link with epilepsy since non-febrile seizures may occur later in the same patient and in other members of the same family with an autosomal dominant transmission. Complex febrile seizures, i.e., with focal or prolonged manifestations or followed by focal defect, are related to later mesial temporal epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis; risk factors are seizure duration and brain malformation. Prophylactic treatment is usually not required in febrile seizures. Early onset of complex seizures is the main indication for AED prophylaxis. Early posttraumatic seizures, i.e., within the first week, are often focal and indicate brain trauma: contusion, hematoma, 24 hours amnesia, and depressed skull fracture are major factors of posttraumatic epilepsy. Prophylaxis with antiepileptic drugs is not effective. Various psychotropic drugs, including antiepileptics, may cause seizures.
Pediatric Neurology Part I
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Author : Ahsan N.V. Moosa
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-24
Pediatric Neurology Part I written by Ahsan N.V. Moosa and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-24 with Medical categories.
The spectrum of focal epileptogenic lesions and their clinical manifestations in children differ substantially from those seen in adults. In adults, mesial temporal sclerosis is the common lesion in surgical series; but in children, MTS is uncommon, and when it does occur, it exists frequently as dual pathology. The most common lesions in pediatric epilepsy surgery candidates are malformations of cortical development, developmental tumors, or encephalomalacia from infarction, hypoxia, trauma, or infection. Careful analysis of the lesion characteristics on brain MRI is sufficiently predictive of pathology in most cases. Histopathological evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis of mass lesions. The electroclinical phenotype of epilepsy in adults is largely determined by the anatomical location of the lesion and its connectivity. In children, in addition to the location of the lesion, the age at onset of the lesion and the age at onset of epilepsy have a major impact on the electroclinical phenotype. Children with congenital or early acquired lesions may manifest with generalized features on EEG and seizure semiology. Experience from various centers has demonstrated that a subset of these children benefit from epilepsy surgery despite a generalized epilepsy phenotype. All children with medically refractory epilepsy and a focal lesion should undergo evaluation for potential epilepsy surgery irrespective of the EEG findings and seizure semiology.