Peer Review And Scientific Assessment
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Peer Review And Scientific Assessment
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Author : A. Alan Moghissi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-03-22
Peer Review And Scientific Assessment written by A. Alan Moghissi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-22 with Peer review categories.
Peer review and Scientific Assessment are recognized as vital elements in scientific decisions, particularly scientific publishing, research funding, and regulatory science. This handbook guides the reader through all of the important aspects of peer review and explains how they are applied in the design and operation of successful review and assessment programs. Key topics include the selection of reviewers, identifying and mitigating conflicts of interest, and developing review criteria. The more general question of how scientific claims can be evaluated and controversies resolved is also considered in an explanation of the Best Available Science concept. Includes generic peer review criteria (any organization can expand these to develop project-specific criteria) Provides clear criteria for identifying and mitigating conflict of interest (allows for improvement in selection of peer reviewers) Explains importance of stakeholder participation in the decision process and the various approaches for reaching different categories of stakeholders and responding to their comments Alan Moghissi, Betty Love, and Sorin Straja have been actively involved in all aspects of peer review: Having awarded grants Having been recipients of awarded grants Having served on peer review panels Having organized peer reviews Having published papers in peer-reviewed journals Having served as editors of scientific journals Having extensive experience in regulatory science activities
Prometheus Assessed
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Author : Shaun Goldfinch
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-04-11
Prometheus Assessed written by Shaun Goldfinch and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book examines the problems, pitfalls and opportunities of different models of assessing research quality, drawing on studies from around the world. Aimed at academics, education officials and public servants, key features include an overview of the argument of whether research should be assessed and how research quality should be determined. Prometheus Assessed? offers a survey of research assessment models in the US, UK, Japan and New Zealand and includes an examination of citation analysis and comparison between the different models. Should research be assessed and what is research quality? Survey of research assessment models in US, UK, Japan and New Zealand Examination of citation analysis
Scientific Peer Review
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Author : J. Matthias Starck
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-17
Scientific Peer Review written by J. Matthias Starck and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-17 with Science categories.
J. Matthias Starck comprehensively guides the reader in this essential through all steps of writing an expert review for a scientific journal. It is built on a succinct analysis how science works, how science is communicated and how science is published. It provides a critical guide how to write good, informative and fair peer reviews. The author presents a critical discussion of different peer review procedures and their alternatives, explains ethical guidelines as well as the dark sides of scientific publishing. So this essential helps the reader to perform better in the existing system and to contribute to its further development and improvement.
Peer Review In An Era Of Evaluation
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Author : Eva Forsberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022
Peer Review In An Era Of Evaluation written by Eva Forsberg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Education categories.
This open access volume explores peer review in the scientific community and academia. While peer review is as old as modern science itself, recent changes in the evaluation culture of higher education systems have increased the use of peer review, and its purposes, forms and functions have become more diversified. This book put together a comprehensive set of conceptual and empirical contributions on various peer review practices with relevance for the scientific community and higher education institutions worldwide. Consisting of three parts, the editors and contributors examine the history, problems and developments of peer review, as well as the specificities of various peer review practices. In doing so, this book gives an overview on and examine peer review , and asks how it can move forward. Eva Forsberg is Professor of Education at Uppsala University, Sweden. Her research focuses education governance and evaluation, academic work and the interface between educational policy, practice and research. Lars Geschwind is Professor in Engineering Education Policy and Management at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. His main research interests are higher education policy, institutional governance, academic leadership and academic work. Sara Levander is Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Education at Uppsala University, Sweden. Her research interests are higher education, academic work and faculty evaluation in academic recruitment and promotion. Wieland Wermke is Associate Professor in Special Education at Stockholm University, Sweden. His research interest focuses on comparative education methodology, and teacher practice at different levels of education.
The Evaluators Eye
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Author : Gemma Derrick
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-08
The Evaluators Eye written by Gemma Derrick and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-08 with Education categories.
This book offers an empirical analysis of how academic peer review panels mediate the traditionally non-academic criterion of societal impact. The UK’s 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) for the first time included an “Impact” criterion that considered how research had influenced society, beyond academia. Using a series of interviews with REF2014 Main Panel A evaluators, the book explores how a dominant definition of Impact was constructed within panels and how this led to the development of strategies around valuing it as an ambiguous object. By doing so, Derrick brings a unique perspective to Impact that is currently overlooked in the dominant Impact evaluation discourse. Through examining the evaluation procedure as a dynamic process it is argued that the best models, strategies and insights for Impact evaluation are those constructed in practice, within peer review groups. By exploring the legitimacy of peer review as a tool to assess the societal impact of research, Derrick states that the future for Impact evaluation is not to seek alternative tools where peer review seemingly fails, but instead to highlight ways in which peer review panels can work smarter. The book will be essential reading for students, academics and policy-makers working in Education, as well as researchers interested in peer review processes and the research evaluation frameworks and audit exercises globally.
Beyond Open Access Visions For Open Evaluation Of Scientific Papers By Post Publication Peer Review
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Author : Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Beyond Open Access Visions For Open Evaluation Of Scientific Papers By Post Publication Peer Review written by Nikolaus Kriegeskorte and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
A scientific publication system needs to provide two basic services: access and evaluation. The traditional publication system restricts the access to papers by requiring payment, and it restricts the evaluation of papers by relying on just 2-4 pre-publication peer reviews and by keeping the reviews secret. As a result, the current system suffers from a lack of quality and transparency of the peer-review evaluation process, and the only immediately available indication of a new paper’s quality is the prestige of the journal it appeared in. Open access is now widely accepted as desirable and is slowly beginning to become a reality. However, the second essential element, evaluation, has received less attention. Open evaluation, an ongoing post-publication process of transparent peer review and rating of papers, promises to address the problems of the current system. However, it is unclear how exactly such a system should be designed. The evaluation system steers the attention of the scientific community and, thus, the very course of science. For better or worse, the most visible papers determine the direction of each field and guide funding and public policy decisions. Evaluation, therefore, is at the heart of the entire endeavor of science. As the number of scientific publications explodes, evaluation and selection will only gain importance. A grand challenge of our time, therefore, is to design the future system, by which we evaluate papers and decide which ones deserve broad attention. So far scientists have left the design of the evaluation process to journals and publishing companies. However, the steering mechanism of science should be designed by scientists. The cognitive, computational, and brain sciences are best prepared to take on this task, which will involve social and psychological considerations, software design, and modeling of the network of scientific papers and their interrelationships. This Research Topic in Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience collects visions for a future system of open evaluation. Because critical arguments about the current system abound, these papers will focus on constructive ideas and comprehensive designs for open evaluation systems. Design decisions include: Should the reviews and ratings be entirely transparent, or should some aspects be kept secret? Should other information, such as paper downloads be included in the evaluation? How can scientific objectivity be strengthened and political motivations weakened in the future system? Should the system include signed and authenticated reviews and ratings? Should the evaluation be an ongoing process, such that promising papers are more deeply evaluated? How can we bring science and statistics to the evaluation process (e.g. should rating averages come with error bars)? How should the evaluative information about each paper (e.g. peer ratings) be combined to prioritize the literature? Should different individuals and organizations be able to define their own evaluation formulae (e.g. weighting ratings according to different criteria)? How can we efficiently transition toward the future system? Ideally, the future system will derive its authority from a scientific literature on community-based open evaluation. We hope that these papers will provide a starting point.
Peer Review In The Department Of Energy Office Of Science And Technology
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-10-01
Peer Review In The Department Of Energy Office Of Science And Technology written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-01 with Science categories.
The Office of Science and Technology (OST) of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Environmental Management (EM) recently has instituted a peer review program that uses the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), with administrative and technical support provided by the Institute for Regulatory Science (RSI), to conduct peer reviews of technologies (or groups of technologies) at various stages of development. OST asked the NRC to convene an expert committee to evaluate the effectiveness of its new peer review program and to make specific recommendations to improve the program, if appropriate. This is the first of two reports to be prepared by this committee on OST's new peer review program. OST requested this interim report to provide a preliminary assessment of OST's new peer review program. In the final report, the committee will provide a more detailed assessment of OST's peer review program after its first complete annual cycle.
The Critical Assessment Of Research
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Author : Alan Bailin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-02-12
The Critical Assessment Of Research written by Alan Bailin and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-12 with Education categories.
This book examines the following factors: sponsorship of research, control of the dissemination of research, effects of dominant research paradigms, financial interests of authors, publishers, and editors, role of new technologies (for example, Web 2.0).It is widely accepted among researchers and educators that the peer review process, the reputation of the publisher and examination of the author's credentials are the gold standards for assessing the quality of research and information. However, the traditional gold standards are not sufficient, and the effective evaluation of information requires the consideration of additional factors. Controversies about positive evaluations of new medications that appear in peer-reviewed journals, the financial reports on Enron prior to the revelations that led to its collapse, and obstacles to the publication of research that does not conform to dominant paradigms are just a few examples that indicate the need for a more sophisticated and nuanced approach to evaluating information.Each of the factors is discussed in a factual manner, supported by many examples that illustrate not only the nature of the issues but also their complexity. Practical suggestions for the evaluation of information are an integral part of the text. Highlights frequently overlooked criteria for evaluating research Challenges the assumption that the gold standards for evaluation are sufficient Examines the role of new technologies in evaluating and disseminating research
Relative Efficiency Of Research Assessment Based On External Peer Review
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Author : Airi Rovio-Johansson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Relative Efficiency Of Research Assessment Based On External Peer Review written by Airi Rovio-Johansson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
In three decades Higher Education Institutions have experienced decreasing trust and increasing demands of accountability from society. The aim is to explore how assessments of departments' research activities can contribute to improvement of research organization, research culture and credibility. The empirical study is based on reports from two assessment rounds of nine research departments, in 1994 to 2007. Qualitative statements and recom-menda[not]tions are transformed to relative quantifiable performance measures on ten different dimensions in order to study development over time and analysis of departments ́variation. Results indicate significant improvement among some departments while others have not managed to such extent.
Peerless Science
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Author : Daryl E. Chubin
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Peerless Science written by Daryl E. Chubin and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Science categories.
This book examines the structure and operation of peer review as a family of quality control mechanisms and looks at the burdens placed on the various forms of peer review. Assuming that peer review is central to the functioning of U.S. science policy, Chubin and Hackett explore the symbolic and practical value of peer review in the making, implementing, and analysis of this policy.