Phanerozoic Paleoclimate
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Phanerozoic Paleoclimate
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Author : Arthur James Boucot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Phanerozoic Paleoclimate written by Arthur James Boucot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Paleoclimatology categories.
This publication combines the interpretations of two major sets of data. One is the geophysical data that is used to interpret the position of the tectonic plates through geologic time. The other is based on a long time search of the geological literature to find, record, and evaluate the lithologic descriptions of countless reports around the globe; paying careful attention to those lithologies that have climatic implications. The introduction to this volume includes a detailed discussion of the lithologies, mineralogies and biogeographies that are considered to be the most reliable in identifying the climatic conditions existing during their formation and how they are used or not used in this compilation. These include coal, cyclothems, laterite, bauxite, lateritic manganese, oolitic ironstone, kaolin, glendonite, tilites, dropstones, calcretes, evaporites, clay minerals, palms, mangroves, and crocodilians. Additionally, several others are discussed but not used for specified reasons. These include eolian sandstone, silcrete and some specific paleobotanical methdologies. Global paleoclimatic zones based on the climatically interpreted data points are identified during the twenty-eight time periods from Cambrian to Miocene using paleotectonic reconstructed maps. The paleoclimate of each time period is summarized and includes a discussion of the specific referenced data points that have been interpreted to be the most reliable available for that time period and location.
Paleoclimatology
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Author : Colin P. Summerhayes
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-09-08
Paleoclimatology written by Colin P. Summerhayes and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-08 with Science categories.
Life on our planet depends upon having a climate that changes within narrow limits – not too hot for the oceans to boil away nor too cold for the planet to freeze over. Over the past billion years Earth’s average temperature has stayed close to 14-15°C, oscillating between warm greenhouse states and cold icehouse states. We live with variation, but a variation with limits. Paleoclimatology is the science of understanding and explaining those variations, those limits, and the forces that control them. Without that understanding we will not be able to foresee future change accurately as our population grows. Our impact on the planet is now equal to a geological force, such that many geologists now see us as living in a new geological era – the Anthropocene. Paleoclimatology describes Earth’s passage through the greenhouse and icehouse worlds of the past 800 million years, including the glaciations of Snowball Earth in a world that was then free of land plants. It describes the operation of the Earth’s thermostat, which keeps the planet fit for life, and its control by interactions between greenhouse gases, land plants, chemical weathering, continental motions, volcanic activity, orbital change and solar variability. It explains how we arrived at our current understanding of the climate system, by reviewing the contributions of scientists since the mid-1700s, showing how their ideas were modified as science progressed. And it includes reflections based on the author’s involvement in palaeoclimatic research. The book will transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about future climate change. It will be an invaluable course reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students in geology, climatology, oceanography and the history of science. "A real tour-de-force! An outstanding summary not only of the science and what needs to be done, but also the challenges that are a consequence of psychological and cultural baggage that threatens not only the survival of our own species but the many others we are eliminating as well." Peter Barrett Emeritus Professor of Geology, Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand "What a remarkable and wonderful synthesis... it will be a wonderful source of [paleoclimate] information and insights." Christopher R. Scotese Professor, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Climate Modes Of The Phanerozoic
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Author : Lawrence A. Frakes
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1992-11-19
Climate Modes Of The Phanerozoic written by Lawrence A. Frakes and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-11-19 with Nature categories.
The changes in the Earth's climate over the past 600 million years, from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, come under scrutiny in this book, first published in 1992. The geological evidence for ancient climates is examined, such as the distribution of climate-sensitive sediments. The Earth's climate has changed many times throughout the Phanerozoic. Thus in this book the climate history has been divided into Warm and Cool modes, intervals when either the Earth was in a former 'greenhouse' state with higher levels of atmospheric CO2 and polar regions free of ice, or the global climate was cooler and ice was present in high latitudes. The studies presented here highlight the complex interactions between the carbon cycle, continental distribution, tectonics, sea level variation, ocean circulation and temperature change as well as other parameters. In particular, the potential of the carbon isotope records as an important signal of the past climates of the Earth is explored. This book will be useful to all students and researchers with an interest in palaeoclimates and palaeoenvironments.
Paleoclimatology
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Author : Gilles Ramstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-09
Paleoclimatology written by Gilles Ramstein and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-09 with Science categories.
This two-volume book provides a comprehensive, detailed understanding of paleoclimatology beginning by describing the “proxy data” from which quantitative climate parameters are reconstructed and finally by developing a comprehensive Earth system model able to simulate past climates of the Earth. It compiles contributions from specialists in each field who each have an in-depth knowledge of their particular area of expertise. The first volume is devoted to “Finding, dating and interpreting the evidence”. It describes the different geo-chronological technical methods used in paleoclimatology. Different fields of geosciences such as: stratigraphy, magnetism, dendrochronology, sedimentology, are drawn from and proxy reconstructions from ice sheets, terrestrial (speleothems, lakes, and vegetation) and oceanic data, are used to reconstruct the ancient climates of the Earth. The second volume, entitled “Investigation into ancient climates,” focuses on building comprehensive models of past climate evolution. The chapters are based on understanding the processes driving the evolution of each component of the Earth system (atmosphere, ocean, ice). This volume provides both an analytical understanding of each component using a hierarchy of models (from conceptual to very sophisticated 3D general circulation models) and a synthetic approach incorporating all of these components to explore the evolution of the Earth as a global system. As a whole this book provides the reader with a complete view of data reconstruction and modeling of the climate of the Earth from deep time to present day with even an excursion to include impacts on future climate.
Paleoclimates
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Author : Thomas M. Cronin
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2010
Paleoclimates written by Thomas M. Cronin and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Paleoclimatology categories.
"When combined with computer model simulations, paleoclimatic reconstructions are used to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change, such as greenhouse gases, solar variability, earth's orbital variations, and hydrological, oceanic, and tectonic processes, This book is a comprehensive, state-of-the art synthesis of paleoclimate research covering all geological timescales, emphasizing topics that shed light on modern trends in the earth's climate." --Book Jacket.
Encyclopedia Of Paleoclimatology And Ancient Environments
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Author : Vivien Gornitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-31
Encyclopedia Of Paleoclimatology And Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-31 with Science categories.
One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Pangea Paleoclimate Tectonics And Sedimentation During Accretion Zenith And Breakup Of A Supercontinent
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Author : George O. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Pangea Paleoclimate Tectonics And Sedimentation During Accretion Zenith And Breakup Of A Supercontinent written by George O. Klein and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Science categories.
Summarizes invited and contributed papers from the May 1992 Project pangea workshop in Lawrence, Kansas. Topics include the climatic evolution of India and Australia, pangean orogenic and epeirogenic uplifts, permian climatic cooling in the Canadian Arctic, and pangean shelf carbonates. Annotation c
Dynamical Paleoclimatology
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Author : Barry Saltzman
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2002
Dynamical Paleoclimatology written by Barry Saltzman and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Nature categories.
The book discusses the ideas and creates a framework for building toward a theory of paleoclimate. Using the rich and mounting array of observational evidence of climatic changes from geology, geochemistry, and paleontology, Saltzman offers a dynamical approach to the theory of paleoclimate evolution and an expanded theory of climate. Saltzman was a distinquished authority on dynamical meteorology. This book provides a comprehensive framework based on dynamical system ideas for a theory of climate and paleoclimatic evolution which is intended for graduate students and research workers in paleoclimatology, earth system studies, and global change research. The book includes an extensive bibliography of geological and physical/dynamical references. Written by the late Barry Saltzman who was a distinquished authority on dynamical meteorology This book provides a comprehensive framework based on dynamical system ideas for a theory of climate and paleoclimatic evolution The book includes extensive bibliography of geological and physical/dynamical references
Palaeoclimates And Their Modelling
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Author : J.R.L. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Palaeoclimates And Their Modelling written by J.R.L. Allen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The climate of the Earth has undergone many changes and for those times when geologic data are widespread and abundant the Mesozoic appears to have been one of the warmest intervals. This was a time during which the single continent Pangea disintegrated into continental units similar to those of today, a time when there were no significant polar ice caps and sea level was generally much higher than at the present time, and a time when dinosaurs apparently dominated terrestrial faunas and the flowering plants evolved. Understanding this alien world, ancestral to ours, is intrinsically interesting, intellectually challenging, and offers opportunities for more effective targeting of sites where commercially important geological resources may be found. It also provides critical insights into the operation of coupled Earth systems (biospheric, atmospheric, hydrospheric and geospheric) under extreme 'greenhouse' conditions, and therefore may have relevance to possible future global change. Our intention in organizing this Discussion Meeting was to bring together those who gather and interpret geologic data with those who model global climates from first principles. The community of workers who study the Quaternary have made significant advances by integrating and comparing palaeodata and climate model experiments. Although we have focused not on the Quaternary 'icehouse' but on the Mesozoic 'hothouse' climate we are well aware that approaches used in the study of the Quaternary may have relevance to earlier times.
The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle
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Author : Robert A. Berner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-08-19
The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle written by Robert A. Berner and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-19 with Science categories.
The term "carbon cycle" is normally thought to mean those processes that govern the present-day transfer of carbon between life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. This book describes another carbon cycle, one which operates over millions of years and involves the transfer of carbon between rocks and the combination of life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. The weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks and ancient sedimentary organic matter (including recent, large-scale human-induced burning of fossil fuels), the burial of organic matter and carbonate minerals in sediments, and volcanic degassing of carbon dioxide contribute to this cycle. In The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle, Robert Berner shows how carbon cycle models can be used to calculate levels of atmospheric CO[2 and O[2 over Phanerozoic time, the past 550 million years, and how results compare with independent methods. His analysis has implications for such disparate subjects as the evolution of land plants, the presence of giant ancient insects, the role of tectonics in paleoclimate, and the current debate over global warming and greenhouse gases