Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought
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Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought
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Author : Miranti Rahmaningsih
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought written by Miranti Rahmaningsih and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Rice categories.
Drought is one of the most limiting factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development with vegetative and reproductive stages the most sensitive and distinct phases. During the vegetative stage, drought can cause reduction in growth and biomass accumulation. Moreover, water stress at reproductive stage can reduce yield significantly. Plants are protected against drought by three different mechanisms: drought avoidance, drought tolerance, and drought escape. An integrated approach combining physiology, breeding, and genomics could be an effective way to characterize and mitigate this problem. The objectives of this research were to (1) screen a diverse set of rice genotypes at both vegetative and reproductive stages for drought response; (2) characterize the genetic differences in mechanisms of drought response conferring drought stress resistance; and (3) study the expression patterns of genes that contribute to yield under water stress conditions. At the vegetative stage, drought was applied by withholding water at 50% of the field capacity for ten days, while in the reproductive stage drought was given at pre-anthesis for three to four days. Results from the first study showed that the diverse genotypes exhibit different drought resistance mechanisms. Padi Tarab Arab and N22 exhibit drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms while GPNO 25912 exhibits a tolerance mechanism. Gene expression analysis using RNA from plants early after drought stress identified clear differences between resistant and sensitive genotypes. The resistant genotypes showed a high induction in the relative expression of drought stress genes under drought compared to control, while the three sensitive genotypes showed low, no, late, or inconsistent induction in expression. Results from the second study demonstrated that between the two types of samples for gene expression analysis in four different genotypes, the inflorescence gives a higher correlation with phenotypic measurements than the flag leaf during reproductive stage. Meanwhile, both invertase genes and transcription factors confer positive effects to drought resistance particularly in relation to number of grain per panicle and panicle length.
A Morpho Physiological Analysis Of Diverse Drought Resistant And Sensitive Rice Genotypes To Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes
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Author : Clinton Philip Greub
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Morpho Physiological Analysis Of Diverse Drought Resistant And Sensitive Rice Genotypes To Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes written by Clinton Philip Greub and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Genotype-environment interaction categories.
A set of 37 genotypes selected from a survey of over 200 diverse germplasms, for their diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, were analyzed in this study for root physiological traits that are indicative of different drought resistance mechanisms. The genotypes include controls such as the drought sensitive IR64 and Nipponbare, along with the drought resistant Nagina 22 (N22) and Bengal landraces to identify distinguishing phenotypic features of resistant accessions. Anatomical traits studied include total areas of the cross-sections of the stele, cortex, aerenchyma, cortical-cell, and xylem tissue; the number of aerenchyma, xylem vessels, cortical cell file number and size that together describe a number of root phenes, or individual traits that can be analyzed genetically. To make paired comparisons in size using cross-section area the ratio of xylem to stele, stele to cortex, cortex to cross-section, stele to cross-section, cortical cell area to cortex, and aerenchyma to cortical cell area were calculated. Architectural traits were evaluated for root diameter, number of crown roots, lateral root densities, root length and root angles. To study the expression of genes with known function in root traits, the intrinsic gene expression levels of ten candidate genes under optimal growth conditions were estimated by qRT-PCR, which was then used in correlation studies with the data on phenotypic variation. These correlations between gene expression and root phenotype across diverse rice genotypes provide a novel insight to the role of these genes in determining root phenes and their potential function in drought resistance.
Rice Improvement
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Author : Jauhar Ali
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-05
Rice Improvement written by Jauhar Ali and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.
Molecular Breeding For Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance And Nutritional Quality
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Author : Mohammad Anwar Hossain
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-03-22
Molecular Breeding For Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance And Nutritional Quality written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-22 with Science categories.
Presents the latest knowledge of improving the stress tolerance, yield, and quality of rice crops One of the most important cereal crops, rice provides food to more than half of the world population. Various abiotic stresses—currently impacting an estimated 60% of crop yields—are projected to increase in severity and frequency due to climate change. In light of the threat of global food grain insecurity, interest in molecular rice breeding has intensified in recent years. Progress has been made, but there remains an urgent need to develop stress-tolerant, bio-fortified rice varieties that provide consistent and high-quality yields under both stress and non-stress conditions. Molecular Breeding for Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Nutritional Quality is the first book to provide comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of this critical topic, containing the physiological, biochemical, and molecular information required to develop effective engineering strategies for enhancing rice yield. Authoritative and in-depth chapters examine the molecular and genetic bases of abiotic stress tolerance, discuss yield and quality improvement of rice, and explore new approaches to better utilize natural resources through modern breeding. Topics Include rice adaptation to climate change, enriching rice yields under low phosphorus and light intensity, increasing iron, zinc, vitamin and antioxidant content, and improving tolerance to salinity, drought, heat, cold, submergence, heavy metals and Ultraviolet-B radiation. This important resource: Contains the latest scientific information on a wide range of topics central to molecular breeding for rice Provides timely coverage molecular breeding for improving abiotic stress tolerance, bioavailability of essential micronutrients, and crop productivity through biotechnological methods Features detailed chapters written by internationally-recognized experts in the field Discusses recent progress and future directions in molecular breeding strategies and research Molecular Breeding for Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Nutritional Quality is required reading for rice researchers, agriculturists, and agribusiness professionals, and the ideal text for instructors and students in molecular plant breeding, abiotic stress tolerance, environmental science, and plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology.
Bioinformatics
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Author : David Edwards
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-04-29
Bioinformatics written by David Edwards and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-29 with Science categories.
Bioinformatics is a relatively new field of research. It evolved from the requirement to process, characterize, and apply the information being produced by DNA sequencing technology. The production of DNA sequence data continues to grow exponentially. At the same time, improved bioinformatics such as faster DNA sequence search methods have been combined with increasingly powerful computer systems to process this information. Methods are being developed for the ever more detailed quantification of gene expression, providing an insight into the function of the newly discovered genes, while molecular genetic tools provide a link between these genes and heritable traits. Genetic tests are now available to determine the likelihood of suffering specific ailments and can predict how plant cultivars may respond to the environment. The steps in the translation of the genetic blueprint to the observed phenotype is being increasingly understood through proteome, metabolome and phenome analysis, all underpinned by advances in bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is becoming increasingly central to the study of biology, and a day at a computer can often save a year or more in the laboratory. The volume is intended for graduate-level biology students as well as researchers who wish to gain a better understanding of applied bioinformatics and who wish to use bioinformatics technologies to assist in their research. The volume would also be of value to bioinformatics developers, particularly those from a computing background, who would like to understand the application of computational tools for biological research. Each chapter would include a comprehensive introduction giving an overview of the fundamentals, aimed at introducing graduate students and researchers from diverse backgrounds to the field and bring them up-to-date on the current state of knowledge. To accommodate the broad range of topics in applied bioinformatics, chapters have been grouped into themes: gene and genome analysis, molecular genetic analysis, gene expression analysis, protein and proteome analysis, metabolome analysis, phenome data analysis, literature mining and bioinformatics tool development. Each chapter and theme provides an introduction to the biology behind the data describes the requirements for data processing and details some of the methods applied to the data to enhance biological understanding.
Drought Resistance In Crops With Emphasis On Rice
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Author : International Rice Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
Release Date : 1982
Drought Resistance In Crops With Emphasis On Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and has been published by Int. Rice Res. Inst. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Crop yields categories.
Wheat In A Global Environment
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Author : Z. Bedo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Wheat In A Global Environment written by Z. Bedo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Wheat breeders have achieved significant results over the last fifty years in research on mankind's one of the most important crops. Classical genetic and breeding methods, far broader international cooperation than was experienced in earlier periods, and improvements in agronomic techniques have led to previously unimaginable development in the utilisation of wheat for human consumption. The contribution of wheat researchers is particularly noteworthy since these results have been achieved at a time when the world population has grown extremely dynamically. Despite this demographic explosion, of a proportion never previously experienced, thousands of millions of people have been saved from starvation, thus avoiding unpredictable social consequences and situations irreconcilable with human dignity. Despite these developments in many regions of the world food supplies are still uncertain and the increase in the world's wheat production has not kept pace with the population increase during the last decade. Due to the evils of civilisation and the pollution of the environment there is a constant decline in the per capita area of land suitable for agricultural production. Based on population estimates for 2030, the present wheat yield of around 600 million tonnes will have to be increased to almost 1000 million tonnes if food supplies are to be maintained at the present level.
Redox Homeostasis In Plants
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Author : Sanjib Kumar Panda
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-23
Redox Homeostasis In Plants written by Sanjib Kumar Panda and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-23 with Science categories.
This book summarizes the latest research results on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, particularly in many abiotic stresses, and their regulation. Redox homeostasis refers to maintaining a balance of oxidised and reduced state of biomolecules in a biological system for all-round sustenance. In a living system, redox reactions contribute to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as signalling molecules for developmental as well as stress-response processes in plants. It is presumed that, being sessile and an aerobe requiring oxygen for mitochondrial energy production, as well as producing oxygen during photosynthesis, the redox homeostasis process is more complex and regulated in plants than in animals. Any imbalance in the homeostasis is mainly compensated for by the production of various ROS molecules, which, though they can cause severe oxidative damage in excess, can also ideally act as signalling molecules.
Plant Responses To Abiotic Stress
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Author : Heribert Hirt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-10-08
Plant Responses To Abiotic Stress written by Heribert Hirt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-08 with Medical categories.
Environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Apart from biotic stress caused by plant pathogens, there are a number of abiotic stresses such as extremes in temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals and radiation which all have detrimental effects on plant growth and yield. However, certain plant species and ecotypes have developed various mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions. Recent advances in the understanding of these abiotic stress responses provided the impetus for compiling up-to-date reviews discussing all relevant topics in abiotic stress signaling of plants in a single volume. Topical reviews were prepared by selected experts and contain an introduction, discussion of the state of the art and important future tasks of the particular fields.
Plant Cell Walls
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Author : Nicholas C. Carpita
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Plant Cell Walls written by Nicholas C. Carpita and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This work is a comprehensive collection of articles that cover aspects of cell wall research in the genomic era. Some 2500 genes are involved in some way in wall biogenesis and turnover, from generation of substrates, to polysaccharide and lignin synthesis, assembly, and rearrangement in the wall. Although a great number of genes and gene families remain to be characterized, this issue provides a census of the genes that have been discovered so far. The articles comprising this issue not only illustrate the enormous progress made in identifying the wealth of wall-related genes but they also show the future directions and how far we have to go. As cell walls are an enormously important source of raw material, we anticipate that cell-wall-related genes are of significant economic importance. Examples include the modification of pectin-cross-linking or cell-cell adhesion to increase shelf life of fruits and vegetables, the enhancement of dietary fiber contents of cereals, the improvement of yield and quality of fibers, and the relative allocation of carbon to wall biomass for use as biofuels. The book is intended for academic and professional scientists working in the area of plant biology as well as material chemists and engineers, and food scientists who define new ways to use cell walls.