A Morpho Physiological Analysis Of Diverse Drought Resistant And Sensitive Rice Genotypes To Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes
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A Morpho Physiological Analysis Of Diverse Drought Resistant And Sensitive Rice Genotypes To Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes
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Author : Clinton Philip Greub
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Morpho Physiological Analysis Of Diverse Drought Resistant And Sensitive Rice Genotypes To Identify Distinguishing Anatomical Root Phenes written by Clinton Philip Greub and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Genotype-environment interaction categories.
A set of 37 genotypes selected from a survey of over 200 diverse germplasms, for their diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, were analyzed in this study for root physiological traits that are indicative of different drought resistance mechanisms. The genotypes include controls such as the drought sensitive IR64 and Nipponbare, along with the drought resistant Nagina 22 (N22) and Bengal landraces to identify distinguishing phenotypic features of resistant accessions. Anatomical traits studied include total areas of the cross-sections of the stele, cortex, aerenchyma, cortical-cell, and xylem tissue; the number of aerenchyma, xylem vessels, cortical cell file number and size that together describe a number of root phenes, or individual traits that can be analyzed genetically. To make paired comparisons in size using cross-section area the ratio of xylem to stele, stele to cortex, cortex to cross-section, stele to cross-section, cortical cell area to cortex, and aerenchyma to cortical cell area were calculated. Architectural traits were evaluated for root diameter, number of crown roots, lateral root densities, root length and root angles. To study the expression of genes with known function in root traits, the intrinsic gene expression levels of ten candidate genes under optimal growth conditions were estimated by qRT-PCR, which was then used in correlation studies with the data on phenotypic variation. These correlations between gene expression and root phenotype across diverse rice genotypes provide a novel insight to the role of these genes in determining root phenes and their potential function in drought resistance.
Morpho Physiological Yield And Genetic Characterization Of Indica Rice Oryza Sativa L Genotypes For Salinity And Drought Tolerance
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Author : Naqeebullah Naqeebullah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Morpho Physiological Yield And Genetic Characterization Of Indica Rice Oryza Sativa L Genotypes For Salinity And Drought Tolerance written by Naqeebullah Naqeebullah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The occurrence of phenotypic and genotypic diversity is the key factor in crop improvement including abiotic stress tolerance. The focal objectives of this study were to evaluate and characterize 74 tropical indica rice breeding lines for phenotypic and genotypic diversity, screening for the most devastating abiotic stresses in rice; drought and salinity at the seedling stage at morpho-physiological and molecular levels. To fulfill these objectives, five studies were conducted in pots; first two experiments aimed at assessing phenotypic and yield variability at seedling and maturity stages respectively; based on several (more than 20) root and shoot traits which exploited a wide range of variability among genotypes for measured traits. Germplasm was then screened for drought stress at two moister regimes, 50%, and 100% moisture levels, under mini-hoop structures. Nine percent of the genotypes exhibited a high tolerance to drought stress, and genotypes IR86638 and IR49830 were identified as the most and least drought tolerant respectively. Germplasm was also screened for salinity tolerance in pure sand pot-culture (a simple, efficient and alternate screening method) at three levels; high salt stress (EC 12 dSm-1), moderate salt stress (EC 6 dSm-1), and control imposed one week after emergence. Thirteen genotypes (17.57%) were identified as highly salt tolerant; genotypes FED 473 and IR85427 were highly salt tolerant and salt sensitive, respectively. Root traits were found more crucial and best descriptors in identifying both salinity and drought tolerant genotypes. Genotypes were further used in Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) to uncover important SNPs, QTLs or genes related to salinity tolerance. A higher number of significant SNPs were discovered for root traits, indicting the importance of root traits in identifying abiotic stress tolerance in rice. The knowledge gained from this investigation could be useful in breeding for better crop establishment, yield improvement, screening for any abiotic stress tolerance.
Morpho Physiological And Genetic Characterizations Of Rice Genotypes For Abiotic Stresses
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Author : Salah Hameed Jumaa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Morpho Physiological And Genetic Characterizations Of Rice Genotypes For Abiotic Stresses written by Salah Hameed Jumaa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Holistic and growth stage-specific screening is needed for identifying tolerant genotypes and for formulating strategies to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses on crops. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic variability of 100 rice lines for early-season vigor, growth and physiological plasticity, and drought and temperature tolerance. Five studies were conducted to accomplish these objectives. In study 1 and 2, 100 rice genotypes consisting of several cultivars and experimental breeding lines were characterized for early-season vigor using several shoot and root morphological, physiological, and yield related traits. In study 3, low- and high-temperature tolerance assessed on select rice cultivars/hybrids during early-season. In study 4, genotypic variability in response to drought stress tolerance using morpo-physiological [sic] traits including roots was assessed under pot-culture conditions in a mini-greenhouse conditions. In study 5, the 100 rice genotypes were used to identify and validate SNP markers, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate genotypic and phenotypic data with the objective of identifying new genetic loci controlling drought stress traits. Significant variability was recorded among rice genotypes and treatments for many traits measured. Early-season cumulative vigor response indices (CVRI) developed by summing individual responses indices for each trait varied among the rice genotypes, 21.36 (RU1404196) to 36.17 (N-22). Based on means and standard deviation of the CVRI, rice genotypes were classified as low- (43) and moderately low- (33), high- (16), and very high-vigor (5) groups. Total low-temperature response index values ranged from 18.48 to 23.15 whereas total high-temperature responses index values ranged from 42.01 to 48.82. Antonio, CLXL 745, and Mermentau were identified as sensitive to cold- and heat, and XL 753 was highly cold and heat tolerant genotypes tested. A cumulative drought stress response index (CDSRI) values varied between 14.7 (CHENIERE) and 27.9 (RU1402174) among the genotypes tested. This preliminary analysis of GWA indicated that substantial phenotypic and genotypic diversity exists in the 100 rice genotypes, despite their narrow genetic pool. The stress tolerant and high vigor rice genotypes will be valuable for rice breeders for developing new genotypes best suited under growing environments prone to early-season drought and temperature.
Morpho Physiological And Genetic Characterizations Of Rice Genotypes For Abiotic Stresses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Morpho Physiological And Genetic Characterizations Of Rice Genotypes For Abiotic Stresses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Holistic and growth stage-specific screening is needed for identifying tolerant genotypes and for formulating strategies to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses on crops. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic variability of 100 rice lines for early-season vigor, growth and physiological plasticity, and drought and temperature tolerance. Five studies were conducted to accomplish these objectives. In study 1 and 2, 100 rice genotypes consisting of several cultivars and experimental breeding lines were characterized for early-season vigor using several shoot and root morphological, physiological, and yield related traits. In study 3, low- and high-temperature tolerance assessed on select rice cultivars/hybrids during early-season. In study 4, genotypic variability in response to drought stress tolerance using morpo-physiological traits including roots was assessed under pot-culture conditions in a mini-greenhouse conditions. In study 5, the 100 rice genotypes were used to identify and validate SNP markers, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate genotypic and phenotypic data with the objective of identifying new genetic loci controlling drought stress traits. Significant variability was recorded among rice genotypes and treatments for many traits measured. Early-season cumulative vigor response indices (CVRI) developed by summing individual responses indices for each trait varied among the rice genotypes, 21.36 (RU1404196) to 36.17 (N-22). Based on means and standard deviation of the CVRI, rice genotypes were classified as low- (43) and moderately low- (33), high- (16), and very high-vigor (5) groups. Total low-temperature response index values ranged from 18.48 to 23.15 whereas total high-temperature responses index values ranged from 42.01 to 48.82. Antonio, CLXL 745, and Mermentau were identified as sensitive to cold- and heat, and XL 753 was highly cold and heat tolerant genotypes tested. A cumulative drought stress
Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought
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Author : Miranti Rahmaningsih
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought written by Miranti Rahmaningsih and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Rice categories.
Drought is one of the most limiting factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development with vegetative and reproductive stages the most sensitive and distinct phases. During the vegetative stage, drought can cause reduction in growth and biomass accumulation. Moreover, water stress at reproductive stage can reduce yield significantly. Plants are protected against drought by three different mechanisms: drought avoidance, drought tolerance, and drought escape. An integrated approach combining physiology, breeding, and genomics could be an effective way to characterize and mitigate this problem. The objectives of this research were to (1) screen a diverse set of rice genotypes at both vegetative and reproductive stages for drought response; (2) characterize the genetic differences in mechanisms of drought response conferring drought stress resistance; and (3) study the expression patterns of genes that contribute to yield under water stress conditions. At the vegetative stage, drought was applied by withholding water at 50% of the field capacity for ten days, while in the reproductive stage drought was given at pre-anthesis for three to four days. Results from the first study showed that the diverse genotypes exhibit different drought resistance mechanisms. Padi Tarab Arab and N22 exhibit drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms while GPNO 25912 exhibits a tolerance mechanism. Gene expression analysis using RNA from plants early after drought stress identified clear differences between resistant and sensitive genotypes. The resistant genotypes showed a high induction in the relative expression of drought stress genes under drought compared to control, while the three sensitive genotypes showed low, no, late, or inconsistent induction in expression. Results from the second study demonstrated that between the two types of samples for gene expression analysis in four different genotypes, the inflorescence gives a higher correlation with phenotypic measurements than the flag leaf during reproductive stage. Meanwhile, both invertase genes and transcription factors confer positive effects to drought resistance particularly in relation to number of grain per panicle and panicle length.
Development And Characterization Of Rice Genotypes For Water Use Efficiency And Drought Resistance
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Author : Anuj Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Development And Characterization Of Rice Genotypes For Water Use Efficiency And Drought Resistance written by Anuj Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Rice categories.
Rice, the second largest staple food crop, uses 30% of global fresh water to complete its life cycle worldwide. Water deficits worldwide have become a serious problem affecting rice growth and ultimately grain yield. To solve the water problem globally, improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) and other drought resistance (DR) traits in rice genotypes would be a useful strategy using advanced genomics tools. In this study, our objectives were to 1) analyze phenotypes of the USDA rice mini-core collection (URMC) for WUE and DR related traits, 2) correlate drought response phenes for physiological traits and grain yield in the URMC, 3) utilize molecular genetic dissection of WUE and DR using genome-wide association (GWA) analysis in the URMC, and 4) conduct genome-wide meta-analysis of QTLs for DR traits and grain yield components under drought stress. In the results, 35 rice genotypes showing ≤25% reduction, 14 rice genotypes exhibiting 25-40% reduction, and 8 rice genotypes showing ≥40% reduction, were drought resistant, moderate drought resistant, and drought-sensitive for WUE, photosynthesis, biomass, and other DR traits under drought stress, respectively. The results suggest from the correlation analysis that strong correlation exists between major grain yield components (number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle) and major morpho-physiological traits (plant biomass, photosynthesis, and WUEi). In the GWA analysis, 24, 16, 26, 10, 19, 23, 7, 17, 11, 14, 17, 15, 29, 12, 18, and 19 significant SNPs were highly associated with WUEi, TR, stomatal conductance, Ci & Ci/Ca , plant biomass, NOTs, RWC, LR, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv', Fm', Fv'/Fm', PhiPSII, ETR, and qN) and their identified candidate genes for WUEi and DR traits. In the meta-analysis, 13 genome-wide MQTLs were found useful containing higher number of QTLs, lower genetic distance with lower CI. Therefore, this information would be useful for the breeding community and geneticists to dissect the genetic architecture of WUE and DR traits for developing high yielding drought resistant rice genotypes.
Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Drought Resistance And Productivity Traits Of Rice Genotypes
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Author : Yheni Dwiningsih
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Drought Resistance And Productivity Traits Of Rice Genotypes written by Yheni Dwiningsih and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for a majority of the world's population, and uses 30% of the global fresh water during its life cycle. Drought at the reproductive stage is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting grain yield. The United States is the third largest exporter of rice, and Arkansas is the top rice-producing state. The Arkansas rice-growing region in the Lower Mississippi belt is among the 10 areas with the highest risk of water scarcity. Adapted U.S. rice cultivars were screened for drought resistant (DR) traits to find sources for breeding U.S. rice cultivars for a water saving agricultural system. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from varieties Kaybonnet (DR) and ZHE733 (drought sensitive), termed K/Z RILs was chosen for genetic analysis of DR traits. The objectives of this research were to 1) analyze the phenotypic and grain yield components of the K/Z RIL rice population for drought-resistance-related traits, 2) evaluate the Abscisic Acid (ABA) response of the K/Z RIL rice population on root architectural traits in relation to drought stress resistance, 3) screen polymorphic molecular markers to identify genes linked to productivity traits of grain yield under drought stress, measured by number of filled grain per panicle using bulk segregant analysis (BSA), and 4) identify QTLs and candidate genes in the K/Z RIL population for drought resistance associated with vegetative morphological traits, grain yield components under drought stress and well-watered conditions, and root architectural traits related to ABA response. The RIL population was screened in the field at Fayetteville (AR) by controlled drought stress (DS) treatment at the reproductive stage, and the effect of DS quantified by measuring drought-related traits. ABA sensitivity was quantified by measuring root architectural traits at the V3 stage. Based on the filled grain per panicle number, 13.13% of K/Z RIL population and parent Kaybonnet were highly drought resistant, while 75.75% of RILs and parent ZHE733 were drought sensitive. Under ABA conditions, Kaybonnet and 48 drought resistant lines exhibit ABA sensitivity, implying regulation of osmotic stress tolerance via ABA-mediated cell signaling. Based on BSA screening, 13 polymorphic markers potentially linked to DR traits were identified. QTL analysis was performed with 4133 SNPs markers by using QTL IciMapping. A total of 213 QTLs and 628 candidate genes within the QTL regions were identified for drought-related traits. The RT-qPCR analysis of the candidate genes revealed that a high number of drought resistance genes were up-regulated in Kaybonnet as the drought-resistant parent. Information from this research will serve an important step towards improvement of adapted Arkansas rice cultivars for higher grain production under DS conditions.
Cotton Production
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Author : Khawar Jabran
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-08-05
Cotton Production written by Khawar Jabran and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy—its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton. Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing. The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.
Drought Phenotyping In Crops From Theory To Practice
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Author : Philippe Monneveux
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-02-12
Drought Phenotyping In Crops From Theory To Practice written by Philippe Monneveux and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-12 with categories.
This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
Cotton Physiology
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Author : Jack R. Mauney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Cotton Physiology written by Jack R. Mauney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Cotton categories.