Physical Optimization Of Acid Fracturing With Unified Fracture Design
DOWNLOAD
Download Physical Optimization Of Acid Fracturing With Unified Fracture Design PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Physical Optimization Of Acid Fracturing With Unified Fracture Design book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Physical Optimization Of Acid Fracturing With Unified Fracture Design
DOWNLOAD
Author : Arjun Ravikumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Physical Optimization Of Acid Fracturing With Unified Fracture Design written by Arjun Ravikumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Petroleum engineering categories.
Acid fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique where a fracture is created by injection of acid into the reservoir instead of conventional proppant slurry. The acid causes differential etching on the fracture walls, creating asperities. These asperities hold up the fracture wall, thus contributing to fracture conductivity. Acid fracturing is used mainly to stimulate carbonate rock. This technique has certain advantages over conventional fracturing. There is no proppant used, therefore the risk of screenout is nullified. There are also logistic reasons such as transport of proppant, which might make acid fracturing a viable choice. Theoretically, acid fractures have infinite conductivity in these conduits. This is not always true in practice. In this work, a physical optimization of acid fracturing is performed by utilizing the Unified Fracture Design methodology (UFD, hereforth). Parametric studies are performed to study the dependency of productivity on various factors.
Optimization Of Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment For Maximization Of The Tight Gas Productivity
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mengting Li
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2018-12-17
Optimization Of Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment For Maximization Of The Tight Gas Productivity written by Mengting Li and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Hydraulic fracturing is essential technology for the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas. So far, there are no numerical tools which can optimize the whole process from geological modeling, hydraulic fracturing until production simulation with the same 3D model with consideration of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. In this dissertation, a workflow and a numerical tool chain were developed for design and optimization of multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well regarding a maximum productivity of the tight gas wellbore. After the verification a full 3D reservoir model is generated based on a real tight gas field in the North German Basin. Through analysis of simulation results, a new calculation formula of FCD was proposed, which takes the proppant position and concentration into account and can predict the gas production rate more accurately. However, not only FCD but also proppant distribution and hydraulic connection of stimulated fractures to the well, geological structure and the interaction between fractures are determinant for the gas production volume. Through analysis the numerical results of sensitivity analysis and optimization variations, there is no unique criterion to determine the optimal number and spacing of the fractures, it should be analyzed firstly in detail to the actual situation and decided then from case to case.
Unified Fracture Design
DOWNLOAD
Author : Michael J. Economides
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Unified Fracture Design written by Michael J. Economides and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Optimization Of Vertical Acid Fractures In Steady State Flow
DOWNLOAD
Author : Stephen David Sevougian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Optimization Of Vertical Acid Fractures In Steady State Flow written by Stephen David Sevougian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Oil wells categories.
Hydraulic Fracture Optimization With A Pseudo 3d Model In Multi Layered Lithology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mei Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Hydraulic Fracture Optimization With A Pseudo 3d Model In Multi Layered Lithology written by Mei Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Hydraulic Fracturing is a technique to accelerate production and enhance ultimate recovery of oil and gas while fracture geometry is an important aspect in hydraulic fracturing design and optimization. Systematic design procedures are available based on the so-called two-dimensional models (2D) focus on the optimization of fracture length and width, assuming one can estimate a value for fracture height, while so-called pseudo three dimensional (p-3D) models suitable for multi-layered reservoirs aim to maximize well production by optimizing fracture geometry, including fracture height, half-length and width at the end of the stimulation treatment. The proposed p-3D approach to design integrates four parts: 1) containment layers discretization to allow for a range of plausible fracture heights, 2) the Unified Fracture Design (UFD) model to calculate the fracture half-length and width, 3) the PKN or KGD models to predict hydraulic fracture geometry and the associated net pressure and other treatment parameters, and, finally, 4) Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) to calculate fracture height. The aim is to find convergence of fracture height and net pressure. Net pressure distribution plays an important role when the fracture is propagating in the reservoir. In multi-layered reservoirs, the net pressure of each layer varies as a result of different rock properties. This study considers the contributions of all layers to the stress intensity factor at the fracture tips to find the final equilibrium height defined by the condition where the fracture toughness equals the calculated stress intensity factor based on LEFM. Other than maximizing production, another obvious application of this research is to prevent the fracture from propagating into unintended layers (i.e. gas cap and/or aquifer). Therefore, this study can aid fracture design by pointing out: (1) Treating pressure needed to optimize fracture geometry, (2) The containment top and bottom layers of a multi-layered reservoir, (3) The upwards and downwards growth of the fracture tip from the crack center.
Evaluation Of Acid Fracturing Based On The Acid Fracture Number Concept
DOWNLOAD
Author : Abdulwahab Alghamdi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Evaluation Of Acid Fracturing Based On The Acid Fracture Number Concept written by Abdulwahab Alghamdi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Acid fracturing is one of the preferred methods to stimulate wells in carbonate reservoirs. It consists of injecting an acid solution at high enough pressure to break down the formation and to propagate a two-wing crack away from the wellbore. The acid reacts with the carbonate formation and this causes the etching of the fracture surfaces. After the treatment, the created etched surfaces do not close perfectly and thatl eaves behind a highly conductive path for the hydrocarbons to be produced. We distinguish the issue of treatment sizing (that is the determination of the volume of acid to be injected) and the issue of creating optimum fracture dimensions given the size of the treatment. This is reasonable because the final cost of a treatment is determined mainly by the volume of acid injected and our goal should be to achieve the best performance of the treated well. The well performance depends on the created fracture dimensions and fracture conductivity and might change with time due to various reasons. This research evaluates two field cases from Saudi Aramco where acid fracturing treatment has been used to stimulate a carbonate formation. I investigated the following issues: a) how effective was the treatment to restoring the initial productivity, b) how did the productivity of the well change with time; c) what are the possible reasons for the change in performance, d) what are our options to improve acid fracture design in the future?Based on our research work both near-well liquid drop-out and fracture-conductivitydeterioration can impact the production in different proportion. Moreover, the fracturing model tends to overestimate the fracture conductivity in some cases as shown in SA-2. Also, the "Acid fracture Number" concept proves to be an effective way to evaluate the acid fracturing treatment. Several recommendations were made based on this research work as described in the last part of my thesis.
Evaluation Of Acid Fracturing Using The Method Of Distributed Volumetric Sources
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jaehun Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Evaluation Of Acid Fracturing Using The Method Of Distributed Volumetric Sources written by Jaehun Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Acid fracturing stimulation is one of the preferred methods to improve well productivity in carbonate reservoirs. Acid is injected into the fractured zone after a starter fracture is created in the near wellbore area by viscous fluid (pad). This results in propagation of a two-wing crack away from the perforations with simultaneous dissolution etching of the created surfaces. If the created etched surface is non-uniform, then after the treatment ends and the fracture face closes, a high conductivity path may remain in the formation, connected to the well. The important factors controlling the effectiveness of acid fracturing are the etched-fracture penetration and conductivity. In this research, I use the distributed volumetric sources (DVS) method to calculate gas production from a well stimulated by acid fracturing. The novel concept realized in this research is that, during the production process, the conductivity of the acid created fracture changes. I use the Nierode - Kruk correlation to describe this effect as a function of effective closure stress that in turn is determined from the flowing bottomhole pressure and minimum horizontal stress. By combining the well productivity calculation from the DVS method taking into account varying fracture conductivity with gas material balance, I obtain an improved model of gas production. The model is then used to not only forecast production from acid fractured wells but also to evaluate the known production history of such wells. Based on the concepts discussed above, I have developed a program called "Gas Acid" which is useful to optimize acid fracturing treatments and also suitable to infer created fracture parameters from known production history. The "Gas Acid" program has been validated with data from two Saudi Aramco gas wells. It was found that the production forecast obtained from the "Gas Acid" program matches the actual production history with reasonable accuracy and the remaining discrepancy could be resolved by taking into account refinement of the material balance. The refinement became necessary, because the "Gas Acid" program was developed for dry gas but the reservoir fluids in the field examples were classified as retrograde gas and wet gas. When accounting for the additional mass of gas "hidden" in the produced condensate, the match of forecast and actual data was improved considerably.
Physical And Economic Optimization Of Hydraulic Fracturing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Matteo Marongiu Porcu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Physical And Economic Optimization Of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Matteo Marongiu Porcu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Gas wells categories.
Essentials Of Hydraulic Fracturing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ralph W. Veatch
language : en
Publisher: Pennwell Books
Release Date : 2017
Essentials Of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Ralph W. Veatch and has been published by Pennwell Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Hydraulic fracturing categories.
Hydraulic fracturing was first developed in the United States during the 1940s and has since spread internationally. A proven technology that is reaching deeper and tighter formations, hydraulic fracturing now delivers hydrocarbons from fields previously considered economically unviable. Essentials of Hydraulic Fracturing focuses on consolidating the fundamental basics of fracturing technology with advances in extended horizontal wellbores and fracturing applications. It provides the essentials required to understand fracturing behavior and offers advice for applying that knowledge to fracturing treatment design and application. Essentials of Hydraulic Fracturingis a long-awaited text for petroleum engineering students, industry-wide hydraulic fracturing training courses or seminars, and practicing fracturing treatment engineers. Features include: Understanding of fracture propagation geometry and fracture conductivity and how it affects treatment results A focus on safety and environmental prudence Economic optimization of fracturing treatments Fracturing fluid system and propping agent performance Important considerations in designing the fracture treatment for both vertical and horizontal wellbores Algorithms and examples pertinent to treatment design and analysis Pre- and post-fracturing approaches and diagnostics for evaluating treatment performance Hydraulic fracturing model construction and applicability Comparative design examples Construction of spreadsheet calculations key to treatment designs
Three Dimensional Modeling Of Acid Transport And Etching In A Fracture
DOWNLOAD
Author : Cassandra Vonne Oeth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Dimensional Modeling Of Acid Transport And Etching In A Fracture written by Cassandra Vonne Oeth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Acid fracture stimulation generates higher well production but requires engineering design for treatment optimization. To quantify the cost and benefit of a particular acid fracture treatment an engineer must predict the resulting fracture's conductivity, which is based on the etched width created by the injected acid. Etching occurs along the fracture surface but is based on acid flowing through the fracture, so an evaluation tool should describe three-dimensional physics and chemistry. Current practice is to estimate conductivity utilizing two-dimensional models. Unfortunately, these models necessarily assume how acid is distributed in the fracture and often misrepresent the amount of acid etching upon which the conductivity is based. A fully three-dimensional modeling tool to evaluate and predict acid fracture performance across the wide range of carbonate field properties has been developed. The model simulates acid transport and fracture face dissolution. The acid transport model includes the solution of the three-dimensional velocity and pressure fields, the non-Newtonian characteristics of most acid fracturing fluids, and diffusion of acid toward the fracture surface. The model numerically solves the equations describing the three-dimensional acid transport and reaction within a fracture to yield the etched width created by acid along the fracture. The conductivity is calculated with the simulator derived acid-etched width, using correlations recently developed that reflect the small scale heterogeneity of carbonate rock as it creates etching along the fracture surface. The performance of an acid fracture treatment is quantified with conductivity, which is strongly dependent on the etched width created by the acid. This robust new tool more accurately models the impact of design decisions on the acid-etched width and provides a rational path for treatment optimization. Cases typical of industry practice are presented that demonstrate the model capabilities. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151892