Physics Of Clusters
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Physics Of Clusters
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Author : Viktor D. Lakhno
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998
Physics Of Clusters written by Viktor D. Lakhno and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.
The monograph is devoted to the relatively new and fast developing field of cluster physics. It is based on talks given at the Cluster Workshops, which were held in Pushchino in 1995 and 1996. The reports focus not only on the fundamental physical properties of clusters such as their geometric and electronic structure, as well as optical, thermal and magnetic properties, but also on a broad spectrum of their potential applications. These include nucleation and growth of small particles, fabrication of new materials with predefined properties (cluster-assembled and nanostructures). Some aspects of simulations and calculations of small particles and clusters are also discussed.We hope that our monograph will be of interest to a broad range of readers who will be able to sense the excitement of the talks.
Progress In The Physics Of Clusters
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Author : Gennady N. Chuev
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1999
Progress In The Physics Of Clusters written by Gennady N. Chuev and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Science categories.
The findings reported in this book on the methods of cluster measurements will lead to new avenues using nondestructive mass spectrometry and dipole mass isomers. Much attention is given to the physics and chemistry of fullerenes and nanotubes, including the problems surrounding the formation and growth of nanotubes, electron characteristics of fullerenes, the influence of solvents, simulation of the properties of carbon clusters, etc. Some unique experimental data on the conversion of aerosols into aerogels with the formation of fractal structures is provided. In addition, the book covers one of the most interesting subjects of modern physics -- fractal clusters.
Contribution Of Clusters Physics To Materials Science And Technology
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Author : Joel Davenas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Contribution Of Clusters Physics To Materials Science And Technology written by Joel Davenas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in clusters and small particles because of the peculiar proper ties induced by their large area to volume ratio. For that reason small particles are often considered as an intermediate state of matter at the border between atomic (or molecular) chemistry, and physics of the condensed matter. The importance of the surface effect can explain the anomalous properties, for example the exis tence of the five fold symmetry observed in different circumstan ces '(beams of rare gas clusters, gold particles deposited on a substrate). However the question of the critical size at which the transition to bulk properties occurs cannot be simply answered, since the reply depends on the peculiar property which is studied. The importance of the size effect was emphasized in the last International Meetings. However the situation remains confused in most cases since the exact role of the cluster environment cannot be clearly elucidated and is a main difficulty, except in cluster beam experiments. In fact ideally free clusters constitute a labo ratory exception. In most applications small particles must be supported on a surface or embedded in a matrix, in order to be stabilized, which obviously shows the role of the environment.
Physics Of Clusters And Nanophase Materials
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Author : M. S. Multani
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1990
Physics Of Clusters And Nanophase Materials written by M. S. Multani and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Philosophy categories.
These issues represent a compendium of review papers covering almost every aspect of the physics of clusters and nanophase materials. Papers have been written by leading international experts in the field. The purpose of this compendium has been to illustrate, in more detail than is possible in a conference paper, the fundamental or underlying principles.
Clusters And Small Particles
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Author : Boris M. Smirnov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Clusters And Small Particles written by Boris M. Smirnov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Not merely a discussion of small particles or clusters of atoms, molecules, but also the systems they constitute. The goal is to analyse the properties of such finite aggregates and their behaviour in gases and plasmas, and to investigate processes that involve such clusters, based on lectures and seminar problems for graduates. The main part of the book includes more than 200 problems, covering collisions, charge transfer, chemical reactions, condensed systems and their structures, kinetics of cluster growth, excited clusters, the transition from clusters to bulk particles, and small particles, dust, and aerosols in plasmas. Reference data for corresponding parameters of systems under consideration is given in the appendices. Of interest to physicists, astrophysicists, and chemists.
Physics And Chemistry Of Small Clusters
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Author : P. Jena
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Physics And Chemistry Of Small Clusters written by P. Jena and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Recent advances in experimental techniques now enable researchers to produce in a laboratory clusters of atoms of desired composition from any of the elements of the periodic table. This has created a new area of research into novel materials since clusters cannot be regarded either as a "large" molecule or as a fragment of the bulk. Both experimental and theoretical studies are revealing unusual properties that are not ob served in solid state environments. The structures of micro-clusters are found to be significantly distorted from the most symmetric arrangement, some even exhibiting pentagonal symmetry commonly found in icosahedric structures. The unusual stability of certain clusters, now described as "magic number species", shows striking similarities with the nuclear shell structure. The relative stabilities of clusters depend not only on the composition of the clusters but also on their charged states. The studies on spontaneous fragmentation of mUltiply charged clusters, commonly referred to as Coulomb explosion, illustrate the role of electronic bonding mechanisms on stability of clusters. The effect of foreign atoms on geometry and stability of clusters and the interaction of gas atoms with clusters are showing promise for an indepth understanding of chemisorption and catalysis. The magnetic and optical properties are dependent not only on cluster size but also on its geometry. These findings have the potential for aiding industry in the area of micro-electronics and catalysis.
Theory Of Atomic And Molecular Clusters
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Author : Julius Jellinek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Theory Of Atomic And Molecular Clusters written by Julius Jellinek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The emergence and spectacularly rapid evolution of the field of atomic and molecular clusters are among the most exciting developments in the recent history of natural sciences. The field of clusters expands into the traditional disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology, yet in many respects it forms a cognition area of its own. This book presents a cross section of theoretical approaches and their applications in studies of different cluster systems. The contributions are written by experts in the respective areas. The systems discussed range from weakly (van der Waals) bonded, through hydrogen- and covalently bonded, to semiconductor and metallic clusters. The theoretical approaches involve high-level electronic structure computations, more approximate electronic structure treatments, use of semiempirical potentials, dynamical and statistical analyses, and illustrate the utility of both classical and quantum mechanical concepts.
Clustering Phenomena In Atoms And Nuclei
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Author : Marten Brenner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Clustering Phenomena In Atoms And Nuclei written by Marten Brenner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In these days of specialization it is important to bring together physicists working in diverse areas to exchange and share their ideas and excitement. This leads to cross-fertilization of ideas, and it enriches, as in biological systems, a specialized field with new strength, development and direction derived from another area. Although this might be an uncommon thing, it is an important step in our under standing of the physical world around us, which is, after aIl, the main purpose of physics. The seed for this conference was really sowed when one of us (MB) and Mr. Manngärd showed some a-scattering data at backward angles to FBM one summer about four years ago. That occasion led to a long research collaboration between the Abo Akademi physicists and other scientists in several countries. The actual idea to explore the possibility of holding a conference, however, crystallized in the summer of 1989 during a visit of FBM to Abo Akademi. The final decision to organize a conference was made after MB visited Profes sor Ben Mottelson in Copenhagen and Professor Anagnostatos in Athens. At this point it was recognized that there are similarities as weIl as differences between clustering phenomena in nuclei and systems consisting of atoms. It was therefore conjectured that it could be very stimulating to bring together these groups to exchange their ideas and to leam from each other's fields. A conference along these lines, we hoped, would contribute to an increased mutual understanding.
Microcluster Physics
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Author : Satoru Sugano
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-07
Microcluster Physics written by Satoru Sugano and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-07 with Science categories.
A lucid account of the fundamental physics of all types of microclusters, outlining the dynamics and static properties of this new phase of matter between a solid and a molecule. Since the book's first publication, the field of microclusters has experienced surprising developments, which are reviewed in this new edition: The determination of atomic structure, spontaneous alloying, super-shell, fission, fragmentation, evaporation, magnetism, fullerenes, nanotubes, atomic structure of large silicon clusters, superfluidity of a He cluster, water clusters in liquid, electron correlation and optimizsation of the geometry, and scattering.
Introduction To Cluster Dynamics
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Author : Paul-Gerhard Reinhard
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-07-11
Introduction To Cluster Dynamics written by Paul-Gerhard Reinhard and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-11 with Science categories.
Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy. Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.