Piecewise Propensity Score Analysis
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Piecewise Propensity Score Analysis
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Author : Russell T. Warne
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Piecewise Propensity Score Analysis written by Russell T. Warne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Faculty contributions categories.
Propensity score analysis is widely used for simulating random assignment in observational studies when true random assignment is not possible. In propensity score modeling, a number of covariates are used to estimate the probability that an individual will belong to 1 of 2 groups. Prospective participants are then matched on their probabilities of belonging to the 2 groups rather than on the exact set of covariate values (as in traditional matching methods). However, traditional propensity score analysis can only be used in studies with 2 groups, such as an experimental and a control group. In this article, we propose a new method called piecewise propensity score analysis (PPSA) for ordinal polytomous grouping variables. We compared PPSA with another method of conducting propensity score analysis with ordered categories, marginal mean weighting through stratification (MMW-S; Hong, 2010, 2012) in a 3 × 5 × 4 study across three model misspecification conditions, five matching methods, and four sample sizes (1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 21,753). We found no significant difference between PPSA and MMW-S methods across conditions. We recommend linear regression, simple mean difference, or propensity stratification methods for simulating causal inference. One common purpose of research is to determine the effect of an intervention on an outcome. The gold standard for determining effects is a randomized control trial. A randomized control trial controls for unmeasured variables that may affect the outcome by randomly placing participants in either a treatment or control condition. This works well in cases in which participants can be randomized, but in many cases it is impossible to do so. For example, assigning people to psychological conditions, race, or gender is impossible. To address this, many people use a procedure called propensity score matching (PSM). One current method that is used for PSM is marginal mean weighting through stratification. This analysis is complicated to conduct and suffers from other disadvantages. To address these concerns, we propose a new method to conduct PSM called piecewise propensity score analysis (PPSA). PPSA is a method that can assist researchers in identifying causal effects when random assignment is not possible. Creating methods to accurately determine the effect of interventions is extremely important in educational research, psychological research, and behavioral and cognitive science research. PPSA is a method that can support researchers and practitioners in trying to understand human processes in order to improve them.
Propensity Score Analysis
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Author : Wei Pan
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2015-04-07
Propensity Score Analysis written by Wei Pan and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-07 with Psychology categories.
This book is designed to help researchers better design and analyze observational data from quasi-experimental studies and improve the validity of research on causal claims. It provides clear guidance on the use of different propensity score analysis (PSA) methods, from the fundamentals to complex, cutting-edge techniques. Experts in the field introduce underlying concepts and current issues and review relevant software programs for PSA. The book addresses the steps in propensity score estimation, including the use of generalized boosted models, how to identify which matching methods work best with specific types of data, and the evaluation of balance results on key background covariates after matching. Also covered are applications of PSA with complex data, working with missing data, controlling for unobserved confounding, and the extension of PSA to prognostic score analysis for causal inference. User-friendly features include statistical program codes and application examples. Data and software code for the examples are available at the companion website (www.guilford.com/pan-materials).
Practical Propensity Score Methods Using R
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Author : Walter Leite
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2016-10-28
Practical Propensity Score Methods Using R written by Walter Leite and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-28 with Social Science categories.
Practical Propensity Score Methods Using R by Walter Leite is a practical book that uses a step-by-step analysis of realistic examples to help students understand the theory and code for implementing propensity score analysis with the R statistical language. With a comparison of both well-established and cutting-edge propensity score methods, the text highlights where solid guidelines exist to support best practices and where there is scarcity of research. Readers will find that this scaffolded approach to R and the book’s free online resources help them apply the text’s concepts to the analysis of their own data.
Propensity Score Analysis
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Author : Shenyang Guo
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2015
Propensity Score Analysis written by Shenyang Guo and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Mathematics categories.
Provides readers with a systematic review of the origins, history, and statistical foundations of Propensity Score Analysis (PSA) and illustrates how it can be used for solving evaluation and causal-inference problems.
Research Design For The Behavioral Sciences
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Author : Stephen V. Flynn, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S, NCC, ACS
language : en
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Release Date : 2021-02-17
Research Design For The Behavioral Sciences written by Stephen V. Flynn, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S, NCC, ACS and has been published by Springer Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-17 with Psychology categories.
"I wholeheartedly invite counselor trainees and counselors into this journey of growing the research component of their professional identity... Flynn and his colleagues prepare counselor trainees and counselors for this journey well and guide them carefully toward researcher competency. In an approachable and developmentally appropriate manner, they highlight for the profession the value of research and how it can be conducted." - Danica G. Hays, PhD American Counseling Fellow Professor and Executive Associate Dean University of Nevada, Las Vegas Research Design for the Behavioral Sciences fills an important gap for the helping professions by offering a blueprint for advanced concepts and an applied approach to understanding quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research design. This graduate-level text seamlessly weaves together the philosophy, science, and practical application of the most common methodological frameworks in practice. Advanced research design concepts are presented through clear and in-depth blueprints, applied case studies, myriad examples, and helpful learning activities. Written in detailed yet accessible language, this text describes the foundations of behavioral science research. The authors explore research-based philosophical integration, along with the technical application of every tradition. Through this philosophical and pragmatic approach, students will be able to attain a well-rounded and comprehensive understanding of behavioral science research. This text provides students with the opportunity to reach a greater level of research efficacy though the inclusion of methodological procedures, data analysis methods, reliability/validity standards, ethics, and directions on how to increase the rigor of each approach to research. Instructor resources include an instructor's manual, learning activities, test bank, and PowerPoints. Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices and computers. Key Features: Provides clear, detailed, and contextually accurate examples of writing, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods procedures Reviews the paradigmatic hierarchy of each research tradition along with key analytic features in detail Delivers instructions for enhancing the methodological rigor of each approach Analyzes methodology-specific multicultural issues Demonstrates the application of a wide range of research methodologies with case studies Reviews the trends and history in research for counseling, psychology, social work, and marriage and family therapy Offers comprehensive instructor resources including manual, learning activities, test bank, and PowerPoint slides
Secondary Analysis Of Electronic Health Records
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Author : MIT Critical Data
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-09
Secondary Analysis Of Electronic Health Records written by MIT Critical Data and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-09 with Medical categories.
This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients.
International Guide To Student Achievement
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Author : John Hattie
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-01-17
International Guide To Student Achievement written by John Hattie and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-17 with Education categories.
The International Guide to Student Achievement brings together and critically examines the major influences shaping student achievement today. There are many, often competing, claims about how to enhance student achievement, raising the questions of "What works?" and "What works best?" World-renowned bestselling authors, John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman have invited an international group of scholars to write brief, empirically-supported articles that examine predictors of academic achievement across a variety of topics and domains. Rather than telling people what to do in their schools and classrooms, this guide simply provides the first-ever compendium of research that summarizes what is known about the major influences shaping students’ academic achievement around the world. Readers can apply this knowledge base to their own school and classroom settings. The 150+ entries serve as intellectual building blocks to creatively mix into new or existing educational arrangements and aim for quick, easy reference. Chapter authors follow a common format that allows readers to more seamlessly compare and contrast information across entries, guiding readers to apply this knowledge to their own classrooms, their curriculums and teaching strategies, and their teacher training programs.
The Sage Handbook For Research In Education
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Author : Clifton F. Conrad
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2011-06-10
The Sage Handbook For Research In Education written by Clifton F. Conrad and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-10 with Education categories.
This handbook provides an up-to-date, advanced analysis of all relevant issues involved in educational research. The expert contributors represent diverse fields within and outside education, as well as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches to research.
Six Degrees Of Social Influence
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Author : Douglas T. Kenrick
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-02-10
Six Degrees Of Social Influence written by Douglas T. Kenrick and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-10 with Psychology categories.
Over the course of the last four decades, Robert Cialdini's work has helped spark an intellectual revolution in which social psychological ideas have become increasingly influential. The concepts presented in his book, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, have spread well beyond the geographic boundaries of North America and beyond the field of academic social psychology into the areas of business, health, and politics. In this book, leading authors, who represent many different countries and disciplines, explore new developments and the widespread impact of Cialdini's work in research areas ranging from persuasion strategy and social engineering to help-seeking and decision-making. Among the many topics covered, the authors discuss how people underestimate the influence of others, how a former computer hacker used social engineering to gain access to highly confidential computer codes, and how biology and evolution figure into the principles of influence. The authors break new ground in the study of influence.
Using Propensity Scores In Quasi Experimental Designs
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Author : William M. Holmes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Using Propensity Scores In Quasi Experimental Designs written by William M. Holmes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Experimental design categories.