Plausible Argument In Everyday Conversation
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Plausible Argument In Everyday Conversation
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Author : Douglas N. Walton
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1992-01-01
Plausible Argument In Everyday Conversation written by Douglas N. Walton and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides a practical and accessible way of evaluating good and bad arguments used in everyday conversations by applying normative models of dialectical (interactive) argumentation, where two parties reason together in an orderly and cooperative way. Using case studies, the author analyzes correct and incorrect uses of argumentation on controversial issues that engage the reader's interest while illustrating points in a practical way. Walton gives clear explanations of the most common errors and tricky deceptions -- traditionally called "fallacies" -- that can trip up an unwary arguer.
Arguments From Ignorance
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Author : Douglas N. Walton
language : en
Publisher: University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press
Release Date : 1996
Arguments From Ignorance written by Douglas N. Walton and has been published by University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Arguments from Ignorance explores the situations in which the argument from ignorance (also known as the lack-of-knowledge inference, negative evidence, or default reasoning) functions as a respectable form of reasoning and those in which it is indeed fallacious. Douglas Walton draws on everyday conversations on all kinds of practical matters in which the argumentum ad ignorantiam is used quite appropriately to infer conclusions. He also discusses the inappropriate use of this kind of argument, referring to various major case studies, including the Salem witchcraft trials, the McCarthy hearings, and the Alger Hiss case. This book makes an original contribution in the areas of argumentation theory and informal logic, contending that, despite its traditional classification as a fallacy, the argument from ignorance is a genuine, very common, and legitimate type of argumentation with an identifiable structure. But the book is also interdisciplinary in scope, explaining many widely interesting and controversial subjects in artificial intelligence, medical education, philosophy of science, and philosophy of law in a clear way that makes it accessible to a broad range of readers.
Appeal To Pity
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2016-02-24
Appeal To Pity written by Douglas Walton and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Appeal to pity has frequently been exploited with amazing success as a deceptive tactic of argumentation, so much so that it has traditionally been treated as a fallacy. Using a case study method, the author examines examples of appeals to pity and compassion in real arguments in order to classify, analyze, and evaluate the types of arguments used in these appeals. Among the cases studied are the controversial use of "poster kids" in the Jerry Lewis Telethon for Muscular Dystrophy and the "baby incubators story" deployed by a public relations firm to influence the decision to send U.S. forces into Kuwait during the Gulf War. In addition to the analyses of these and other case studies, this book provides, for the first time, precise guidelines and useful criteria with which to identify, analyze, and evaluate instances of the ad misericordiam argument.
The Oxford Companion To Philosophy
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Author : Ted Honderich
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-03-10
The Oxford Companion To Philosophy written by Ted Honderich and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-10 with Philosophy categories.
Oxford University Press presents a major new edition of the definitive philosophical reference work for readers at all levels. For ten years the original volume has served as a stimulating introduction for general readers and as an indispensable guide for students; its breadth and depth of coverage have ensured that it is also read with pleasure and interest by those working at a higher level in philosophy and related disciplines. A distinguished international assembly of 249 philosophers contributed almost 2,000 entries, and many of these have now been considerably revised and updated; to these are added over 300 brand-new pieces on a fascinating range of current topics. This new edition offers enlightening and enjoyable discussions of all aspects of philosophy, and of the lives and work of the great philosophers from antiquity to the present day.
Arguments From Ignorance
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Arguments From Ignorance written by Douglas Walton and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Philosophy categories.
Appeal To Expert Opinion
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Author : Douglas N. Walton
language : en
Publisher: University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press
Release Date : 1997
Appeal To Expert Opinion written by Douglas N. Walton and has been published by University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A new pragmatic approach, based on the latest developments in argumentation theory, analyzing appeal to expert opinion as a form of argument. Reliance on authority has always been a common recourse in argumentation, perhaps never more so than today in our highly technological society when knowledge has become so specialized--as manifested, for instance, in the frequent appearance of "expert witnesses" in courtrooms. When is an appeal to the opinion of an expert a reasonable type of argument to make, and when does it become a fallacy? This book provides a method for the evaluation of these appeals in everyday argumentation. Specialized domains of knowledge such as science, medicine, law, and government policy have gradually taken over as the basis on which many of our rational decisions are made daily. Consequently, appeal to expert opinion in these areas has become a powerful type of argument. Challenging an argument based on expert scientific opinion, for example, has become as difficult as it once was to question religious authority. Walton stresses that even in cases where expert opinion is divided, the effect of it can still be so powerful that it overwhelms an individual's ability to make a decision based on personal deliberation of what is right or wrong in a given situation. The book identifies the requirements that make an appeal to expert opinion a reasonable or unreasonable argument. Walton's new pragmatic approach analyzes that appeal as a distinctive form of argument, with an accompanying set of appropriate critical questions matching the form. Throughout the book, a historical survey of the key developments in the evolution of the argument from authority, dating from the time of the ancients, is given, and new light is shed on current problems of "junk science" and battles between experts in legal argumentation.
Political Discourse Analysis
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Author : Isabela Fairclough
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Political Discourse Analysis written by Isabela Fairclough and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this accessible new textbook, Isabela and Norman Fairclough present their innovative approach to analysing political discourse. Political Discourse Analysis integrates analysis of arguments into critical discourse analysis and political discourse analysis. The book is grounded in a view of politics in which deliberation, decision and action are crucial concepts: politics is about arriving cooperatively at decisions about what to do in the context of disagreement, conflict of interests and values, power inequalities, uncertainty and risk. The first half of the book introduces the authors’ new approach to the analysis and evaluation of practical arguments, while the second half explores how it can be applied by looking at examples such as government reports, parliamentary debates, political speeches and online discussion forums on political issues. Through the analysis of current events, including a particular focus on the economic crisis and political responses to it, the authors provide a systematic and rigorous analytical framework that can be adopted and used for students’ own research. This exciting new text, co-written by bestselling author Norman Fairclough, is essential reading for researchers, upper undergraduate and postgraduate students of discourse analysis, within English language, linguistics, communication studies, politics and other social sciences.
Fallacies Arising From Ambiguity
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Fallacies Arising From Ambiguity written by Douglas Walton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
Arguing To Learn
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Author : Jerry Andriessen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Arguing To Learn written by Jerry Andriessen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Education categories.
This book focuses on how new pedagogical scenarios, task environments and communication tools within Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environments can favour collaborative and productive confrontations of ideas, evidence, arguments and explanations, or arguing to learn. The first to assemble the work of internationally renowned scholars, this book will be of interest to researchers in education, psychology, computer science, communication and linguistic studies
Groundwork In The Theory Of Argumentation
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Author : J. Anthony Blair
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-10-20
Groundwork In The Theory Of Argumentation written by J. Anthony Blair and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-20 with Philosophy categories.
J. Anthony Blair is a prominent international figure in argumentation studies. He is among the originators of informal logic, an author of textbooks on the informal logic approach to argument analysis and evaluation and on critical thinking, and a founder and editor of the journal Informal Logic. Blair is widely recognized among the leaders in the field for contributing formative ideas to the argumentation literature of the last few decades. This selection of key works provides insights into the history of the field of argumentation theory and various related disciplines. It illuminates the central debates and presents core ideas in four main areas: Critical Thinking, Informal Logic, Argument Theory and Logic, Dialectic and Rhetoric.