Political Determinants Of Income Inequality In Emerging Democracies
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Political Determinants Of Income Inequality In Emerging Democracies
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Author : Takeshi Kawanaka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-14
Political Determinants Of Income Inequality In Emerging Democracies written by Takeshi Kawanaka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This study explores why democratization does not necessarily result in inequality reduction in emerging democracies and reveals the determinants of income inequality in emerging democracies, where the average level of inequality continues to be higher and where there is a larger variance of inequality levels than in advanced democracies. Apart from economic, demographic, and social factors, the book highlights political factors that obstruct redistributive policies. In contrast to conventional studies on advanced democracies, which emphasize the relations between different classes, this study asserts that several political factors cause malfunctioning of democratic institutions at various phases of the political process in emerging democracies: multidimensional preferences, the failure of the political market, and weak state capacity. The book employs econometric methods to examine the effects of these political factors. The results indicate their significant effects. The multilevel analysis using the World Values Survey demonstrates that multidimensional preferences, operationalized as ethnic fractionalization, weaken demand for income inequality. Political market quality and state capacity are measured by the age of the largest opposition party, and the Quality of Government indicator is used for the unbalanced panel analysis covering the 1985–2012 period for 75 democracies. Both political market quality and state capacity reduce inequality, but the latter takes more time to show its effect.
Democracy Inequality And Representation In Comparative Perspective
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Author : Pablo Beramendi
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2008-09-04
Democracy Inequality And Representation In Comparative Perspective written by Pablo Beramendi and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-04 with Political Science categories.
The gap between the richest and poorest Americans has grown steadily over the last thirty years, and economic inequality is on the rise in many other industrialized democracies as well. But the magnitude and pace of the increase differs dramatically across nations. A country’s political system and its institutions play a critical role in determining levels of inequality in a society. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation argues that the reverse is also true—inequality itself shapes political systems and institutions in powerful and often overlooked ways. In Democracy, Inequality, and Representation, distinguished political scientists and economists use a set of international databases to examine the political causes and consequences of income inequality. The volume opens with an examination of how differing systems of political representation contribute to cross-national variations in levels of inequality. Torben Iverson and David Soskice calculate that taxes and income transfers help reduce the poverty rate in Sweden by over 80 percent, while the comparable figure for the United States is only 13 percent. Noting that traditional economic models fail to account for this striking discrepancy, the authors show how variations in electoral systems lead to very different outcomes. But political causes of disparity are only one part of the equation. The contributors also examine how inequality shapes the democratic process. Pablo Beramendi and Christopher Anderson show how disparity mutes political voices: at the individual level, citizens with the lowest incomes are the least likely to vote, while high levels of inequality in a society result in diminished electoral participation overall. Thomas Cusack, Iverson, and Philipp Rehm demonstrate that uncertainty in the economy changes voters’ attitudes; the mere risk of losing one’s job generates increased popular demand for income support policies almost as much as actual unemployment does. Ronald Rogowski and Duncan McRae illustrate how changes in levels of inequality can drive reforms in political institutions themselves. Increased demand for female labor participation during World War II led to greater equality between men and women, which in turn encouraged many European countries to extend voting rights to women for the first time. The contributors to this important new volume skillfully disentangle a series of complex relationships between economics and politics to show how inequality both shapes and is shaped by policy. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation provides deeply nuanced insight into why some democracies are able to curtail inequality—while others continue to witness a division that grows ever deeper.
The Politics Of Inequality
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Author : Carsten Jensen
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2016-09-23
The Politics Of Inequality written by Carsten Jensen and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-23 with Political Science categories.
Contemporary democracies vary greatly in how much income inequality they tolerate. Some, like the United States and the United Kingdom, have seen high and rising levels for decades, while others, such as the Nordic countries, are much more equal. This comprehensive text draws on a wealth of cutting-edge theories and empirical data to examine the political and economic causes and consequences of income inequality around the globe. It is organized around a set of key questions, including: - Is there something morally wrong with inequality? - Is inequality good or bad for economic growth? - How does inequality affect political participation and engagement? - Who decides in the politics of inequality? Systematic and accessible, this is the perfect book for students with an interest in the connections between politics and inequality.
The New Economic Populism
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Author : William W. Franko
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
The New Economic Populism written by William W. Franko and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Business & Economics categories.
Introduction -- Economic inequality, federalism and the new economic populism -- Growing inequality and public awareness of inequality in the States -- Awareness of inequality and government liberalism -- Taxing the rich : the initiative, attitudes toward inequality, and Washington's proposition 1098 -- State responses to federal inaction and growing inequality : the case of the minimum wage -- Building on success : the case of the earned income tax credit -- The new economic populism and the future of inequality in the U.S -- Appendix A: Measurement and methodology -- Appendix B: Data and results -- Notes -- References -- Index
Growth Distribution And Political Change
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Author : Malcolm Falkus
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-09-17
Growth Distribution And Political Change written by Malcolm Falkus and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Continuing the inequality and development debate originally ushered in by Kuznets, this book extends to the possible sociopolitical disruptions of growing inequality and its ramifications for growth and development. Comparing a range of countries in Asia and beyond, the book examines the relationships between growth, distribution and politics. Theoretical and empirical studies are backed up by discussion of historical developments in this interdisciplinary study which will interest political scientists, sociologists, historians and economists.
The Politics Of Economic Inequality In Developing Countries
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Author : P. Nel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-02-13
The Politics Of Economic Inequality In Developing Countries written by P. Nel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-13 with Political Science categories.
Inequalities of wealth and income have a significant impact for the achievement of economic, political and human development in developing counties. This book argues that a high level of economic inequality undermines a country's growth potential, retards the development of social capital, and encourages corruption.
Income Redistribution Inequality And Democracy
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Author : Hwan Joo Seo
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-06-03
Income Redistribution Inequality And Democracy written by Hwan Joo Seo and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This book examines why democracy has failed to deliver effective solutions to income inequality problems over the last four decades, and if democracy can offer solutions to various increases in inequality in the future. It also addresses what elements are necessary for democracy to serve as an effective alternative for addressing inequality issues. Historical experiences over the past 40 years, including the global financial crisis, not only underscore the need for fresh perspectives on income inequality in economics but also question the ability of democracy to continue providing alternatives for addressing the escalating forms of inequality. Seo and Kang’s response to these inquiries diverge from conventional research in several significant ways. Primarily, what sets this research apart from existing studies is its intensified focus on income inequality as a product of the complex interplay between the political and economic domains, rather than a standalone examination of income inequality in isolation. Through a political economy perspective, this book argues that income inequality and income redistribution are shaped by the institutions, policies, and laws generated by the political system, with their formation and nature being determined by the power distribution among socio-political groups. A useful resource not only to researchers who study political phenomena in the field of economics, but also to scholars who study economic phenomena in the field of politics. Furthermore, it will be particularly intriguing for policy makers concerned with issues of inequality and income redistribution.
Inequality And Democratic Politics In East Asia
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Author : Chong-Min Park
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-31
Inequality And Democratic Politics In East Asia written by Chong-Min Park and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-31 with Political Science categories.
Bringing together scholars of inequality, both inside and outside of Asia, this book examines how the distribution of income has affected political institutions, representation, and behaviour in Asia. Through detailed data analysis, the international team of contributors engages with the existing literature, arguing that the connection between inequality and political institutions is much more complex than has been suggested by previous studies from outside the region. Instead, Inequality and Democratic Politics in East Asia demonstrates that the micro-level evidence for the correlation between inequality and democracy is mixed and the impact of distributive politics is conditioned not only by institutional but also by historical and geopolitical factors. As such, this volume suggests that the median voter theorem and simplified partisan models prove to be ineffectual in accounting for distributive politics in East Asia. Analysing history, structure, and context to further understand the politics of inequality in East Asia, this book will be invaluable to students of Asian politics, as well as students of inequality, democracy, and political economy more widely.
Income Inequality In Capitalist Democracies
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Author : Vicki L. Birchfield
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2015-08-26
Income Inequality In Capitalist Democracies written by Vicki L. Birchfield and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-26 with Political Science categories.
There has been much concern about rising levels of income inequality in the societies of advanced industrial democracies. Commentators have attributed this increase to the impact of globalization, the decline of the welfare state, or the erosion of the power of labor unions and their allies among left-wing political parties. But little attention has been paid to variations among these countries in the degree of inequality. This is the subject that Vicki Birchfield tackles in this ambitious book. Differences in political institutions have been seen by political scientists as one likely explanation, but Birchfield shows institutional variation to be only one part of the story. Deploying an original conceptualization of political economy as applied democratic theory, she makes the compelling case that cultural values—particularly citizens' attitudes about social justice and about the proper roles of the market and the state—need to be factored into any account that will provide an adequate explanation for the observable patterns. To support her argument, she brings to bear both multivariate statistical analyses and historical comparative case studies, making this book a model for how quantitative and qualitative research can be effectively combined to produce more complete explanations of political and socioeconomic phenomena.
Unequal Democracies
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Author : Noam Lupu
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-12-31
Unequal Democracies written by Noam Lupu and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-31 with Political Science categories.
Introduces the latest research on political inequality and its relationship to economic inequalities in North America and Western Europe.