Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81
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Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81
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Author : Anne J. Duggan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-22
Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81 written by Anne J. Duggan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-22 with Religion categories.
Alexander III was one of the most important popes of the Middle Ages and his papacy (1159-81) marked a significant watershed in the history of the Western Church and society. This book provides a long overdue reassessment of his papacy and his achievements, bringing together thirteen essays which review existing scholarship and present the latest research and new perspectives. Individual chapters cover topics such as Alexander's many contributions to the law of the Church, which had a major impact upon Western society, notably on marriage, his relations with Byzantium, and the extension of papal authority at the peripheries of the West, in Spain, Northern Europe and the Holy Land. But dominant are the major clashes between secular and spiritual authority: the confrontation between Henry II of England and Thomas Becket after which Alexander eventually secured the king's co-operation and the pope's eighteen-year conflict with the German emperor, Frederick I. Both the papacy and the Western Church emerged as stronger institutions from this struggle, largely owing to Alexander's leadership and resilience: he truly mastered the art of survival.
Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81
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Author : Peter D. Clarke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81 written by Peter D. Clarke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81
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Author : Anne J. Duggan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-22
Pope Alexander Iii 1159 81 written by Anne J. Duggan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-22 with Religion categories.
Alexander III was one of the most important popes of the Middle Ages and his papacy (1159-81) marked a significant watershed in the history of the Western Church and society. This book provides a long overdue reassessment of his papacy and his achievements, bringing together thirteen essays which review existing scholarship and present the latest research and new perspectives. Individual chapters cover topics such as Alexander's many contributions to the law of the Church, which had a major impact upon Western society, notably on marriage, his relations with Byzantium, and the extension of papal authority at the peripheries of the West, in Spain, Northern Europe and the Holy Land. But dominant are the major clashes between secular and spiritual authority: the confrontation between Henry II of England and Thomas Becket after which Alexander eventually secured the king's co-operation and the pope's eighteen-year conflict with the German emperor, Frederick I. Both the papacy and the Western Church emerged as stronger institutions from this struggle, largely owing to Alexander's leadership and resilience: he truly mastered the art of survival.
Popes And Anti Popes
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Author : John Wilcock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005-04-01
Popes And Anti Popes written by John Wilcock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-01 with History categories.
WHEN THE POPE DIES the biggest story in the world stays on the front pages for at least 15 days until 135 cardinals assemble to choose his successor. Who will it be? The choice has immense implications, and not just for the world's 950 million Catholics. There are 194 cardinals altogether, and they gather in Rome from all parts of the world. Only those under 80 years old are permitted to vote, and of those Pope John Paul II appointed all but five. Voting is by written secret ballot and although the number has varied over the years, the requisite majority is now two-thirds plus one of the eligible cardinals, for election of the new pope. The required number has varied over the years but This rule was established at the 3rd Lateral Council during the time when Alexander III (1159-81) was pope following an earlier decision by Nicholas II. He had ruled in the previous century that only Roman cardinals could vote. Today, if the conclave is deadlocked after several days, a lesser majority of 50% plus one is allowed (The extra one is in case any cardinal voted for himself). Until not so long ago, the conclave (cum-clave = with key, . ie. a locked room) kept everybody confined until a decision was reached, but since 1996 cardinals stay in St Martha's Residence in like" rooms simply decorated with crucifixes and papal pictures. The cardinals are shuttled there for lunch and then back to the Sistine Chapel where their deliberations take place beneath the Michelangelo frescoes, and from where communication with the outside world is forbidden. "Two trustworthy technicians'' check for any hidden eavesdropping devices. More sophisticated listening devices mean the Vatican walls 'are no longerinsurmountable" says Bishop Jorge Mejia, secretary of the College of Cardinals THE VATICAN YEAR BOOK Annuario Pontificio, lists all the popes, but other references sometimes arrange them in a slightly different order especially before the 3rd century. Much of our information about the early popes comes from Liber Potificalis (LP) and the Liberian Catalogue (LC) Both were started in the 4th century, with the former (which eventually incorporated LC) updated until 1464. There is an 1886 French translation of LP with commentary by Abbe Louis Duchesne, and a 1916 English translation by Louise Ropes Loomis, published by Columbia University Press, The earliest historians--Clement of Rome c. 95; }Ignatius of Antioch c.l00; Tertullian (c. 160-225); Eusebius c. 260; and Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, who (c. 190) wrote five books comparing the doctrines of rival sects--are credited in the text that follows as (C), (Ig), (T), (Eu) or (Ir), respectively. Anti-popes were usually chosen because of factional differences over what might today seem to be obscure theological arguments, their significance especially magnified after the Roman empire split into two and the papacy became involved in political disputes between Rome and Constantinople. The battle between popes and emperors for ultimate supremacy, spiritual or temporal, continued for centuriee. We should remember that popes are fallible human beings, a few benevolent geniuses, others dolts; some indisputably saintly, others less so--probably to roughly the same extent as any other 263 powerful men during our 2,000 years of Christian history. Petri dignitas etiam in indigno herede non deficit declared Pope Leo I. 'The dignity of St Peter is notlacking even in an unworthy heir." 64. St. Gregory I ('The Great"). b. Rome; elected 3 Sept, 590; d. 12 March, 604, aged about 64. Great-grandson of Pope Felix III he came from an aristocratic family and was prefect (mayor) of Rome before resigning to become a monk in a monastery financed by the sale of his family home. He was the first monk to become pope and 'his early letters as pope graphically portray his unhappiness at being dragged from the contemplative life to shoulder his heavy burden" (ODP). He instituted the Gregorian Chant and his Book of Pastoral Rule
Papal Overlordship And European Princes 1000 1270
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Author : Benedict Wiedemann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
Papal Overlordship And European Princes 1000 1270 written by Benedict Wiedemann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with History categories.
This study reinterprets the relationship between the medieval papacy and independent states, suggesting that kings and governments were able to increase their effective power through close relationships with the international papacy, making the papacy integral to the creation of centralized national states and kingdoms in Europe.
Germans And Poles In The Middle Ages
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-08-16
Germans And Poles In The Middle Ages written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-16 with History categories.
This volume examines mutual ethnic and national perceptions and stereotypes in the Middle Ages by analysing a range of historical sources, with a particular focus on the mutual history of Germany and Poland.
Between Sword And Prayer
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2017-10-02
Between Sword And Prayer written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-02 with History categories.
Between Sword and Prayer brings together diverse studies on the involvement of medieval European clergy in warfare and military activities, spanning a broad geographical range and multiple interpretive perspectives, including legal, literary, historical, and hagiographical approaches.
The Church At War The Military Activities Of Bishops Abbots And Other Clergy In England C 900 1200
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Author : Daniel M. G. Gerrard
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-10-04
The Church At War The Military Activities Of Bishops Abbots And Other Clergy In England C 900 1200 written by Daniel M. G. Gerrard and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with History categories.
The fighting bishop or abbot is a familiar figure to medievalists and much of what is known of the military organization of England in this period is based on ecclesiastical evidence. Unfortunately the fighting cleric has generally been regarded as merely a baron in clerical dress and has consequently fallen into the gap between military and ecclesiastical history. This study addresses three main areas: which clergy engaged in military activity in England, why and when? By what means did they do so? And how did others understand and react to these activities? The book shows that, however vivid such characters as Odo of Bayeux might be in the historical imagination, there was no archetypal militant prelate. There was enormous variation in the character of the clergy that became involved in warfare, their circumstances, the means by which they pursued their military objectives and the way in which they were treated by contemporaries and described by chroniclers. An appreciation of the individual fighting cleric must be both thematically broad and keenly aware of his context. Such individuals cannot therefore be simply slotted into easy categories, even (or perhaps especially) when those categories are informed by contemporary polemic. The implications of this study for our understanding of clerical identity are considerable, as the easy distinction between clerics acting in a secular or ecclesiastical capacity almost entirely breaks down and the legal structures of the period are shown to be almost as equivocal and idiosyncratic as the literary depictions. The implications for military history are equally striking as organisational structures are shown to be more temporary, fluid and 'political' than had previously been understood.
Caffaro Genoa And The Twelfth Century Crusades
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Author : Martin Hall
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Caffaro Genoa And The Twelfth Century Crusades written by Martin Hall and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with History categories.
This volume provides the first comprehensive English translation, with a substantial introduction and notes, of the writings of Caffaro of Genoa, as well as related texts and documents on Genoa and the crusades. The majority of early crusading historiography is from a northern European and clerical perspective. Here is a very different voice, one with a more secular, Mediterranean tone. To see the similarities and differences with the mainstream sources offers an exciting new dimension to our understanding of the reception of crusading ideas in the Mediterranean and, given Genoa’s prominence in the commercial world, can help to illuminate the complex and controversial relationship between holy war and financial gain. Caffaro’s main composition, the ’Annals’ of Genoa, began with the First Crusade and extended down to 1163. It also covers the city’s dealings with the Papacy, the German Empire, Sicily, Muslim Spain, and Pisa, as well as the development of Genoa itself. Sections from Caffaro’s continuators take the story down to the Third Crusade. Caffaro’s two other texts are exclusively about the crusades: ’The Liberation of the Cities of the East’ and ’The Capture of Almería and Tortosa’, while associated with him but of a later date is the ’Short History of Jerusalem’. Alongside these narratives are a number of charters and letters that relate to, and complement, the main texts. These relate to matters such as Genoese privileges in the Holy Land and form a valuable resource in their own right. Placed alongside Caffaro’s narratives they can show the blend of commercial energy, civic pride and religious conviction that were the basis of Genoese activity in the complex world of the medieval Mediterranean.
A Companion To Saxo Grammaticus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2024-06-13
A Companion To Saxo Grammaticus written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-13 with History categories.
Ever since the publication of Saxo Grammaticus’ Gesta Danorum at the beginning of the thirteenth century, scholars and laymen have grappled with the complex and marvellous chronicle. As much specialized scholarship has been published in Danish, this companion breaks new ground by giving a comprehensive and up-to-date tour of the work for a global audience. Attention is given to the unity of Saxo’s massive chronicle, whether he is dealing with a legendary pagan past or events from his own time. Saxo’s world and views are explored in ways that shed new light on all of northern Europe. Contributors are Bjørn Bandlien, Karsten Friis-Jensen, Michael H. Gelting, Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm, Lars Hermanson, Lars Kjær, Torben Kjersgaard Nielsen, Annette Lassen, Anders Leegaard Knudsen, Lars Boje Mortensen, Mia Münster-Swendsen, Erik Niblaeus, Roland Scheel, Karen Skovgaard-Petersen, Kurt Villads Jensen, and Helle Vogt.
