Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis
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Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis
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Author : Luca Bonfanti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis written by Luca Bonfanti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The fact that the mammalian central nervous system is mostly made up of perennial elements accounting for its well known uncapability to undergo physiological cell renewal and post-lesion repair has represented a dogma for most of the XXth century. Yet, research carried out starting from the sixties in a rather sceptic milieu, and exponentially expanded at the beginning of the nineties with the definitive demonstration that neurogenesis actually takes place in the adult brain and that it is sustained by neural stem cells, opened a new, challenging field in neuroscience. In the last fifteen years, such a field has been tackled by interdisciplinary approaches thus spreading into several ramifications, often referred either more generally to as developmental neurobiology and structural plasticity , or more specifically to as adult neurogenesis . The aims of these studies have become more focused in a wide range of topics, spanning from the detailed morphological/molecular analysis of neurogenic sites to the migration/specification/integration of newlyborn cell precursors into neuronal circuits; from the in vivo identification of cell types and their functional relationships within the neural stem cell niches to the in vitro isolation and characterization of neural stem cells in the perspective of brain repair. In the last few years, in spite of a huge amount of information gathered around the issue of neurogenesis, new elements of complexity have arisen, thus leaving open many questions. It is now clear that persistent neurogenesis do not faithfully reproduce embryonic developmental processes. Indeed, postnatal changes involving the structure/function of neurogenic sites and the neural stem cell niches contained herein, do occur in order to adapt to the mature nervous tissue. The recent finding that adult neural stem cells share a glial identity and directly derive from radial glia raises questions concerning the neuronal-glial relationships across pre- and post-natal development. The progeny of neuronal precursors must integrate into already established neural circuits, whose features change according to the pre- and post-natal developmental stages. In addition, the fact that neural stem cells isolated in vitro prevalently differentiate into astrocytes, whereas in vivo they produce mainly neurons, highlights the importance of epigenetic signals. Finally, substantial data recently obtained under a comparative profile reveal that persistent neurogenesis, although being a well preserved trait, shows remarkable differences among species and, possibly, interesting evolutionary adaptations. The comparative approach, both among mammals and among vertebrates, further reveals new elements of complexity linked to the different growth rates and lifespans. Yet, although introducing new questions about postnatal and adult stages in different species, this approach could provide insights as concerns the functional significance of persistent neurogenesis. Thus, 50 years after the first evidence that new neurons can be generated and added to a mature brain, the actual meaning of such a phenomenon in brain physiology as well as its usefulness in brain repair remain a matter of debate. We learned that neurogenesis can persist in restricted brain sites, whereby it undergoes complex cell/molecular regulation, whereas in the rest of the nervous system it remains as a potentiality. Hence, a better knowledge of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes should be attained to understand if and how endogenous neurogenesis can be exploited/modulated in the perspective of brain healing. This book, other than providing an overview of the state of the art in the field of postnatal and adult neurogenesis, tries to update our present knowledge about the postnatal changes of neurogenic processes and to place them in the context of a comparative vision. The attainment of this goal has been possible thanks to the contribution of many young scientists from different corners of the world, who have built their experience in neurogenesis during the last decade.
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns
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Author : A. Alvarez-Buylla
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns written by A. Alvarez-Buylla and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Medical categories.
Generation Of Neurons And Their Integration In Pre Existing Circuits In The Postnatal Brain Signalling In Physiological And Regenerative Contexts
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Author : Helena Mira
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-09-03
Generation Of Neurons And Their Integration In Pre Existing Circuits In The Postnatal Brain Signalling In Physiological And Regenerative Contexts written by Helena Mira and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections
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Author : R. Belvindrah
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections written by R. Belvindrah and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Medical categories.
Adult Neurogenesis Beyond Rats And Mice
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Author : Luca Bonfanti
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-02-11
Adult Neurogenesis Beyond Rats And Mice written by Luca Bonfanti and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-11 with categories.
Researchers working on adult neurogenesis have focused largely on inbred laboratory rodents. While this provides a strong advantage of restricting genetic variation in the group, it also narrows our perspective on adult neurogenesis as a biological phenomenon. Many unsolved issues and open questions cannot be resolved without the contribution of comparative studies spanning through widely different species: how did adult neurogenesis evolve, what is the link between adult neurogenesis and brain complexity, how do adult neurogenesis and animal behavior influence each other, how does adult neurogenesis contribute to brain plasticity, cognition and, possibly, repair, and how do experimental conditions affect adult neurogenesis. The main message from the comparative approach to adult neurogenesis is that the relative exclusive focus on laboratory rodents can result in a bias on how we think about this biological process.
Microrna Expression Profiling In Neurogenesis Of Neural Stem Cells From Postnatal To Young Adult Rats
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Author : Kwong-Kwan Wong
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Microrna Expression Profiling In Neurogenesis Of Neural Stem Cells From Postnatal To Young Adult Rats written by Kwong-Kwan Wong and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Neurogenesis of Neural Stem Cells From Postnatal to Young Adult Rats" by Kwong-kwan, Wong, 黃廣堃, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: MicroRNAs are short RNA molecules composed of 20-22 nucleotides. They highly accurately indicate cell identity and hence they are useful in labeling cells and tacking lineage commitment. However, this requires accurate microRNA profiling of cells in individual developmental stages. Since microRNAs are important negative regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, microRNA profiling allows better understanding of molecular regulatory networks of important cellular events, such as adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis is the process in which neurons, as well as glia, are generated from neural stem cells. It was found to be responsible for brain regeneration, olfactory discrimination, memory formation and learning. Depression was suggested to be related to dysregulation of neurogenesis. Thus, knowledge in cellular and molecular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis will lay solid foundation to develop therapies to regenerate neural cells after injuries or onsets of neurodegenerative diseases and to understand the cognitive ability, memory formation and learning of the brain. In spite of its importance, investigation into the miRNA profiles and functions in neurogenesis is still infant. This project aimed to establish a preliminary microRNA profile on neurogenesis. Although this was not completed, the project could be extended to a large-scale microRNA profiling in neurogenesis. This would enable future workers to track the lineage commitment, the migration, and the distribution of NSCs and their derived cells accurately by in situ hybridization. Also, the future workers may construct a 2D representation of the changes in miRNA profiles and this may lead to discovery of previously unknown molecular and cellular differences among cells of same cell identity. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4777053 Subjects: RNA Gene expression Neural stem cells Developmental neurobiology Rats as laboratory animals
Role Of Slit And Robo Proteins In The Postnatal Forebrain
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Author : Athéna Ypsilanti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Role Of Slit And Robo Proteins In The Postnatal Forebrain written by Athéna Ypsilanti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
In mammals, the postnatal brain contains regions where proliferation is maintained, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ) or sub-granular zone (SGZ) which are capable of producing new neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) or dentate gyrus (DG). In addition, the DG is mostly generated postnatally. My project was to investigate the role played by Slit and Robo molecules in the postnatal and adult forebrain, particularly in neurogenesis. Using a genetic approach in vivo, we generated mutant mouse lines for Slits and Robos (deficient and conditional) that we crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase in the SVZ, the OB and the DG/SGZ. In these animals, the absence of Slits/Robos causes severe developmental abnormalities of the forebrain commissures similar to those described in full knockouts. The absence of certain Slit/Robo molecules in the dorsal telencephalon is linked with defects in neuronal migration of SVZ-derived cells, but barely any effect on their proliferation. Also, in some mice deficient for Robos, we observed a decrease in the number of granule neurons generated in the DG and in the OB. In addition, the results obtained from the line Foxg1::Cre; Slit2lox/lox show a decrease in the number of new neurons from the SVZ and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. The hippocampus of mice Foxg1::Cre;Slit2lox/lox is of normal size at birth, but very small in adults. In conclusion, I have performed one of the first in vivo characterizations of the role of Slits and Robos proteins in the postnatal forebrain.
Molecular Regulation Of Postnatal Neurogenesis In The Mammalian Subventricular Zone Olfactory Bulb Pathway
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Author : Tsu-Wei Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Molecular Regulation Of Postnatal Neurogenesis In The Mammalian Subventricular Zone Olfactory Bulb Pathway written by Tsu-Wei Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Cux2 Regulates Neurogenesis In The Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus
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Author : Christine R. McClelland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Cux2 Regulates Neurogenesis In The Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus written by Christine R. McClelland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
ABSTRACT: Although once thought to be incapable of regeneration, the adult mammalian brain generates new neurons in two regions: the SVZ of the lateral ventricle and the DG of the hippocampus. While the cell types involved in adult neurogenesis have been broadly characterized, the transcriptional regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that transcription factor Cux2 is important for normal postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis. Cux2neo/neo mutant mice generated fewer Dcx-positive neuroblasts, Tbr2-positive transit amplifers, and Calretinin-positive immature neurons, without affecting gliogenesis. Moreover, we show that Cux2 is principally expressed in Type1/Type2a cells. Using cultured embryonic NPCs we show that Cux2 mutants generate fewer neurons. Indeed, Cux2 plays a pro-neuronal role in both the postnatal hippocampus and in cultured embryonic NPCs. Cux2 may thus serve as an important regulator of the neuronal fate and may be a novel marker for neuronally committed Type 1/2a NPCs in the postnatal DG.
Neurogenesis Research
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Author : Gerry J. Clark
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2012
Neurogenesis Research written by Gerry J. Clark and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Developmental neurobiology categories.
Neurogenesis is a process that includes not only a generation of new neurons from neural stem and progenitor cells, but functional integration of these new-born neurons into cortical circuits as well. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of neurogenesis including altered adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases; modulation of dentate area postnatal neurogenesis in rats and mice; ischemia and neurogenesis; the primary cilium as the tiny driver of dentate gyral neurogenesis; neurogenic hypothesis and psychiatric disorders; and neurogenesis in the adult neocortex under pathological conditions.