Poverty Dynamics Income Inequality And Vulnerability To Shocks In Rural Kenya
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Poverty Dynamics Income Inequality And Vulnerability To Shocks In Rural Kenya
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Author : Maren A. Ochere Radeny
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Poverty Dynamics Income Inequality And Vulnerability To Shocks In Rural Kenya written by Maren A. Ochere Radeny and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Kenya categories.
Households Incomes And Poverty Dynamics In Rural Kenya
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Author : Milu Muyanga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Households Incomes And Poverty Dynamics In Rural Kenya written by Milu Muyanga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Income categories.
Toward An Understanding Of Household Vulnerability In Rural Kenya
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Author : Luc Christiaensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Toward An Understanding Of Household Vulnerability In Rural Kenya written by Luc Christiaensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Considerations of risk and vulnerability are key to understanding the dynamics of poverty. Christiaensen and Subbarao conceive vulnerability as expected poverty and illustrate a methodology to empirically assess household vulnerability using pseudo panel data derived from repeated cross sections augmented with historical information on shocks. Application of the methodology to data from rural Kenya shows that in 1994 rural households faced on average a 40 percent chance of becoming poor in the future. Households in arid areas that experience large rainfall volatility appear more vulnerable than those in non-arid areas, where malaria emerges as a key risk factor. Idiosyncratic shocks also cause non-negligible consumption volatility. Possession of cattle and sheep and goats appears ineffective in protecting consumption against covariant shocks, though sheep and goats help reduce the effect of idiosyncratic shocks, especially in arid zones. Of the policy instruments simulated, interventions directed at reducing the incidence of malaria, promoting adult literacy, and improving market accessibility hold most promise to reduce vulnerability.This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2, Africa Technical Families - is part of a larger effort in the region to integrate household vulnerability issues in the policy dialogue.
Toward An Understanding Of Household Vulnerability In Rural Kenya
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Author : Luc. J. Christiaensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Toward An Understanding Of Household Vulnerability In Rural Kenya written by Luc. J. Christiaensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Considerations of risk and vulnerability are key to understanding the dynamics of poverty. This study conceives vulnerability as expected poverty and illustrates a methodology to empirically assess household vulnerability using pseudo panel data derived from repeated cross sections augmented with historical information on shocks. Application of the methodology to data from rural Kenya shows that in 1994 rural households faced on average a 40 percent chance of becoming poor in the future. Households in arid areas that experience large rainfall volatility appear more vulnerable than those in non-arid areas, where malaria emerges as a key risk factor. Idiosyncratic shocks also cause non-negligible consumption volatility. Possession of cattle and sheep/goats appears ineffective in protecting consumption against covariant shocks, though sheep/goat help reduce the effect of idiosyncratic shocks, especially in arid zones. Of the policy instruments simulated, interventions directed at reducing the incidence of malaria, promoting adult literacy, and improving market accessibility hold most promise to reduce vulnerability.
Shock Waves
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Author : Stephane Hallegatte
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2015-11-23
Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.
Handbook On Poverty Inequality
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Author : Jonathan Haughton
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-03-27
Handbook On Poverty Inequality written by Jonathan Haughton and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-27 with Business & Economics categories.
For anyone wanting to learn, in practical terms, how to measure, describe, monitor, evaluate, and analyze poverty, this Handbook is the place to start. It is designed to be accessible to people with a university-level background in science or the social sciences. It is an invaluable tool for policy analysts, researchers, college students, and government officials working on policy issues related to poverty and inequality.
Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality
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Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-06-15
Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey
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Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-03-12
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Vulnerability To Poverty
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Author : M. Grimm
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
Vulnerability To Poverty written by M. Grimm and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
With the current global crisis, high levels of volatility in trade, capital flows, commodity prices, aid, and the looming threat of climate change, this book brings together high-quality research and presents conceptual issues and empirical results to analyze the determinants of the vulnerability to poverty in developing countries.
Subjective Economic Welfare
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Author : Martin Ravallion
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Subjective Economic Welfare written by Martin Ravallion and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bank categories.
Abstract: April 1999 - As conventionally measured, current household income relative to a poverty line can only partially explain how Russian adults perceive their economic welfare. Other factors include past incomes, individual incomes, household consumption, current unemployment, risk of unemployment, health status, education, and relative income in the area of residence. Paradoxically, when economists analyze a policy's impact on welfare they typically assume that people are the best judges of their own welfare, yet resist directly asking them if they are better off. Early ideas of utility were explicitly subjective, but modern economists generally ignore people's expressed views about their own welfare. Even using a broad set of conventional socioeconomic data may not reflect well people's subjective perceptions of their poverty. Ravallion and Lokshin examine the determinants of subjective economic welfare in Russia, including its relationship to conventional objective indicators. For data on subjective perceptions, they use survey responses in which respondents rate their level of welfare from poor to rich on a nine-point ladder. As an objective indicator of economic welfare, they use the most common poverty indicator in Russia today, in which household incomes are deflated by household-specific poverty lines. They find that Russian adults with higher family income per equivalent adult are less likely to place themselves on the lowest rungs of the subjective ladder and more likely to put themselves on the upper rungs. But current household income does not explain well self-reported assessments of whether someone is poor or rich. Expanding the set of variables to include incomes at different dates, expenditures, educational attainment, health status, employment, and average income in the area of residence doubles explanatory power. Healthier and better educated adults with jobs perceive themselves to be better off, controlling for income. The unemployed view their welfare as lower, even with full income replacement. Individual income matters independent of per capita household income. Relative income also matters. Living in a richer area lowers perceived economic welfare, controlling for income and other factors. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand the relationship between objective and subjective economic welfare. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39). The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].