Poverty Inequality And Policy In Latin America
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Poverty Inequality And Democracy
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Author : Francis Fukuyama
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2012-03
Poverty Inequality And Democracy written by Francis Fukuyama and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03 with Political Science categories.
The rise of populism in new democracies, especially in Latin America, has brought renewed urgency to the question of how liberal democracy deals with issues of poverty and inequality. Citizens who feel that democracy failed to improve their economic condition are often vulnerable to the appeal of political leaders with authoritarian tendencies. To counteract this trend, liberal democracies must establish policies that will reduce socioeconomic disparities without violating liberal principles, interfering with economic growth, or ignoring the consensus of the people. Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy addresses the complicated philosophical and moral issues surrounding the distribution of economic goods in free societies as well as the empirical relationships between democratization and trends in poverty and inequality. This volume also discusses the variety of welfare-state policies that have been adopted in different regions of the world. The book’s distinguished group of contributors provides a succinct synthesis of the scholarship on this topic. They address such broad issues as whether democracy promotes inequality, the socioeconomic factors that drive democratic failure, and the basic choices that societies must make as they decide how to deal with inequality. Chapters focus on particular regions or countries, examining how problems of poverty and inequality have been handled (or mishandled) by newer democracies in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia. Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy will prove vital reading for all students of world politics, political economy, and democracy’s global prospects. Contributors: Dan Banik, Nancy Bermeo, Dorothee Bohle, Nathan Converse, Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Francis Fukuyama, Béla Greskovits, Stephan Haggard, Ethan B. Kapstein, Robert R. Kaufman, Taekyoon Kim, Huck-Ju Kwon, Jooha Lee, Peter Lewis, Beatriz Magaloni, Mitchell A. Orenstein, Marc F. Plattner, Charles Simkins, Alejandro Toledo, Ilcheong Yi
Poverty And Policy In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Author : Quentin Wodon
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000
Poverty And Policy In Latin America And The Caribbean written by Quentin Wodon and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Social Science categories.
Although the progress toward poverty reduction remains sluggish, other dimensions of social welfare in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region show signs of improvement. Adult literacy and school enrollment rates, life expectancy at birth, and the amount of access to safe water are increasing. Nutrition indicators are also improving. However, other factors demonstrate that many problems persist, especially the inequality between rich and poor. This report analyzes the evolution of poverty and inequality in the LAC region from 1986 to 1996 with projections to 1998. It reviews the policies which have been advocated or implemented to reduce poverty. The report combines the results of new empirical work using household surveys from 12 countries, short theoretical developments, and a review of the literature on issues related to poverty, inequality, and social policy in LAC. Some of the theoretical developments introduce new research techniques. Chapters three to six follow the framework proposed in the forthcoming 'World Development Report 2000-2001'. The framework identifies three essential elements for poverty reduction. Those elements include opportunities for the poor and investments in the human capital of the poor, security through social safety nets, and empowerment.
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Author : Ricardo Paes de Barros
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-11-12
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean written by Ricardo Paes de Barros and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Equality of opportunity is about leveling the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, place of birth, or family background do not influence a person s life chances. Success in life should depend on people s choices, effort and talents, not to their circumstances at birth. 'Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean' introduces new methods for measuring inequality of opportunities and makes an assessment of its evolution in Latin America over a decade. An innovative Human Opportunity Index and other parametric and non-parametric techniques are presented for quantifying inequality based on circumstances exogenous to individual efforts. These methods are applied to gauge inequality of opportunities in access to basic services for children, learning achievement for youth, and income and consumption for adults.
Falling Inequality In Latin America
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Author : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2014
Falling Inequality In Latin America written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume documents and explains the reduction of income inequality that has taken place in the majority of Latin American countries over the last decade.
Coping With Austerity
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Author : Nora Claudia Lustig
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-12-01
Coping With Austerity written by Nora Claudia Lustig and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Concern about the pervasiveness of poverty and income inequality in Latin America goes beyond the issue of social justice. The persistence of mass poverty and inequality pits different social groups against one another and leads to a polarization that makes consistent economic policy formation difficult. National productivity may also suffer in economies with poorly educated workforces lacking adequate health care. Statistics on poverty and inequality in Latin America are rudimentary and often conflicting. Yet it is known that poverty became more widespread in the region during the last decade as it experienced economic decline. About 180 million people, or two out of every five in the area, are now living in poverty—some 50 million more than in 1980. It is also known that income and wealth are far more unequally distributed in Latin America than in most other developing regions. This book provides a much-needed assessment of how poverty, inequality, and social indicators have fared in several Latin American countries over the past decade. Experts from Latin America and the U.S. focus attention on the extent of poverty and inequality and how they have been affected by the debt crisis and adjustment of the 1980s. They explain that issues of poverty and inequality were neglected as governments in Latin America struggled to restore stability and growth to their economies. Social sector spending declined sharply, affecting both the quality and quantity of services provided. The contributors examine how poverty and inequality are—or are not—being addressed in each country. They also explore the viability of alternative approaches to combating poverty and reducing inequality. They explain that virtually no one denies that governments must take a leading role in the provision of health, education, and other social services. Yet there are sharp debates--over the compatibility of social spending with economic adjustment and stabilization; the priority of social expenditures in relation to other governmental spending; the allocation of funds among different social programs; who should, and should not, benefit; and who should pay the costs. They show that the poor and middle sectors had to pay dearly because their governments, the international community, and the families themselves were not prepared to deal with austerity. The book contains eleven chapters by contributors from universities and research institutions in the U.S. and Latin America, as well as from international financial organizations. It is the result of a project cosponsored by Inter-American Dialogue.
Poverty Inequality And Policy In Latin America
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Author : Stephan Klasen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009
Poverty Inequality And Policy In Latin America written by Stephan Klasen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
Papers from a conference held at the Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research in Göttingen, Germany, in July 2005 and co-sponsored by the CESifo research network.
Living And Working In Poverty In Latin America
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Author : María Eugenia Rausky
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Living And Working In Poverty In Latin America written by María Eugenia Rausky and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Political Science categories.
This edited volume studies the complex interrelation of poverty, work, and different stages in the life course, and how it contributes to the permanent existence of poverty and inequality in vulnerable groups in society. Mechanisms of productions and reproduction of these relationships are identified through empirical research carried out in four Latin American countries: Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba. This book centers on the experiences of individuals in those less favored social groups who may have suffered structural poverty for decades, or who may have been simply deprived of a basic income to cover their most essential needs.
Commodity Cycles Inequality And Poverty In Latin America
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Author : Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-04-26
Commodity Cycles Inequality And Poverty In Latin America written by Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.
Poverty Inequality And Migration In Latin America
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Author : Stephan Klasen
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang
Release Date : 2008
Poverty Inequality And Migration In Latin America written by Stephan Klasen and has been published by Peter Lang this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Political Science categories.
Groups the papers under the headings "Growth and inequality", "Poverty", and "Trade, migration and income convergence". Looks at the consequences of high economic instability with recurrent economic and financial crises, particularly in the 1990s. Studies poverty determinants, and the role of trade and migration in generating, sustaining or reducing inequalities between and within the countries examined.
The Great Gap
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Author : Merike Blofield
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2015-08-21
The Great Gap written by Merike Blofield and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-21 with Political Science categories.
The relationship between socioeconomic inequality and democratic politics has been one of the central questions in the social sciences from Aristotle on. Recent waves of democratization, combined with deepened global inequalities, have made understanding this relationship ever more crucial. In The Great Gap, Merike Blofield seeks to contribute to this understanding by analyzing inequality and politics in the region with the highest socioeconomic inequalities in the world: Latin America. The chapters, written by prominent scholars in their fields, address the socioeconomic context and inequality of opportunities; elite culture, public opinion, and media framing; capital mobility, campaign financing, representation, and gender equality policies; and taxation and social policies. Aside from the editor, the contributors are Pablo Alegre, Maurício Bugarin, Daniela Campello, Anna Crespo, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Fernando Filgueira, Liesl Haas, Sallie Hughes, Juan Pablo Luna, James E. Mahon Jr., Juliana Martínez Franzoni, Adriana Cuoco Portugal, Paola Prado, Elisa P. Reis, Luis Reygadas, Sergio Naruhiko Sakurai, and Koen Voorend.