Poverty Inequality And The Non Farm Economy

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Poverty Inequality And The Non Farm Economy

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Author : Kai Mausch
language : en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin
Release Date : 2010

Poverty Inequality And The Non Farm Economy written by Kai Mausch and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Rural families categories.

Vietnam has become a showpiece in income poverty reduction in recent years. However, regional and provincial disparities remained high and in some cases even increased. With agricultural production being constantly faced with environmental hazards, rural non-farm jobs become a key component in poverty reduction strategies. The analysis at hand leads to the finding that besides generally known influential household characteristics, increased off-farm income shares, even in remote regions, increases household incomes and consumption asset holdings. Furthermore, inequality among households with higher shares of income apart from farming activities is less pronounced. Nevertheless, income structure is extremely volatile with respect to farm vs. non-farm incomes. It is shown that households that changed their income sources were worse off as compared to non-switching households. Therefore, company data were analyzed to identify bottlenecks in their growth that also hinders job creation. The companies in three provinces, although all of them are in Middle Vietnam and among the poorest of the Vietnamese provinces, have considerably different needs based on their history. Based on these differences a "one strategy fits all" solution on how to achieve increased investments and growth in remote provinces cannot be given due to the different needs and conditions.

Non Farm Diversification Poverty Economic Mobility And Income Inequality

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Author : Peter Lanjouw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Non Farm Diversification Poverty Economic Mobility And Income Inequality written by Peter Lanjouw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Equality categories.

This paper assembles data at the all-India level and for the village of Palanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to document the growing importance, and influence, of the non-farm sector in the rural economy between the early 1980s and late 2000s. The suggestion from the combined National Sample Survey and Palanpur data is of a slow process of non-farm diversification, whose distributional incidence, on the margin, is increasingly pro-poor. The village-level analysis documents that the non-farm sector is not only increasing incomes and reducing poverty, but appears as well to be breaking down long-standing barriers to mobility among the poorest segments of rural society. Efforts by the government of India to accelerate the process of diversification could thus yield significant returns in terms of declining poverty and increased income mobility. The evidence from Palanpur also shows, however, that at the village-level a significant increase in income inequality has accompanied diversification away from the farm. A growing literature argues that such a rise in inequality could affect the fabric of village society, the way in which village institutions function and evolve, and the scope for collective action at the village level. Failure to keep such inequalities in check could thus undermine the pro-poor impacts from the process of structural transformation currently underway in rural India.

Non Farm Diversification Poverty Economic Mobility And Income Inequality

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Non Farm Diversification Poverty Economic Mobility And Income Inequality written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

This paper assembles data at the all-India level and for the village of Palanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to document the growing importance, and influence, of the non-farm sector in the rural economy between the early 1980s and late 2000s. The suggestion from the combined National Sample Survey and Palanpur data is of a slow process of non-farm diversification, whose distributional incidence, on the margin, is increasingly pro-poor. The village-level analysis documents that the non-farm sector is not only increasing incomes and reducing poverty, but appears as well to be breaking down long-standing barriers to mobility among the poorest segments of rural society. Efforts by the government of India to accelerate the process of diversification could thus yield significant returns in terms of declining poverty and increased income mobility. The evidence from Palanpur also shows, however, that at the village-level a significant increase in income inequality has accompanied diversification away from the farm. A growing literature argues that such a rise in inequality could affect the fabric of village society, the way in which village institutions function and evolve, and the scope for collective action at the village level. Failure to keep such inequalities in check could thus undermine the pro-poor impacts from the process of structural transformation currently underway in rural India.

The Contribution Of Non Farm Income In Reducing Poverty And Inequality

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Author : Irsa Sarwar
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2010-12

The Contribution Of Non Farm Income In Reducing Poverty And Inequality written by Irsa Sarwar and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12 with categories.

Due to decreasing share of agriculture income in total income and increasing poverty, the importance of non-farm income has increased. So it is critical to analyze the current structure of non-farm income, its distribution into various non farm income sources and to decompose the non farm income inequality among different poverty bands and landholdings. Such an analysis will ensure that correct policy intervention can be made in the relevant sub sector. This study will help policy makers to design policies in accordance with the characteristics of the particular sub-sector. This research will also be a starting point for researchers to bring the research at aggregate level to the micro level in order the research to be more specific and meaningful.

The Impact Of Remittances On Rural Poverty And Inequality In China

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Author : Nong Zhu
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008

The Impact Of Remittances On Rural Poverty And Inequality In China written by Nong Zhu and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Access to Finance categories.

Abstract: Large numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.

Partially Awakened Giants

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Author : Shubham Chaudhuri
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006

Partially Awakened Giants written by Shubham Chaudhuri and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Absolute Poverty categories.

Abstract: The paper examines the ways in which recent economic growth has been uneven in China and India and what this has meant for inequality and poverty. Drawing on analyses based on existing household survey data and aggregate data from official sources, the authors show that growth has indeed been uneven-geographically, sectorally, and at the household level-and that this has meant uneven progress against poverty, less poverty reduction than might have been achieved had growth been more balanced, and an increase in income inequality. The paper then examines why growth was uneven and why this should be of concern. The discussion is structured around the idea that there are both "good" and "bad" inequalities-drivers and dimensions of inequality and uneven growth that are good or bad in terms of what they imply for both equity and long-term growth and development. The authors argue that the development paths of both China and India have been influenced by, and have generated, both types of inequalities and that while good inequalities-most notably those that reflect the role of economic incentives-have been critical to the growth experience thus far, there is a risk that bad inequalities-those that prevent individuals from connecting to markets and limit investment and accumulation of human capital and physical capital-may undermine the sustainability of growth in the coming years. The authors argue that policies are needed that preserve the good inequalities-continued incentives for innovation and investment-but reduce the scope for bad ones, notably through investments in human capital and rural infrastructure that help the poor connect to markets.

Rural Non Farm Activities And Poverty Alleviation In Sub Saharan Africa

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Author : Ann Gordon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001-01-01

Rural Non Farm Activities And Poverty Alleviation In Sub Saharan Africa written by Ann Gordon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Africa South of Sahara categories.

Welfare And Poverty Effects Of Global Agricultural And Trade Policies Using The Linkage Model

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Welfare And Poverty Effects Of Global Agricultural And Trade Policies Using The Linkage Model written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and poverty elasticity's approach. It addresses two questions: to what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of production, thereby potentially contributing to inequality and poverty within developing countries (given that farm incomes are well below non-farm incomes in most developing countries and that agriculture there is intensive in the use of unskilled labor)? Results are presented for the key countries and regions of the world and for the world as a whole. They reveal that, by moving to free markets, income inequality between countries will be reduced at least slightly, all but one-sixth of the gains to developing countries will come from agricultural policy reform, unskilled workers in developing countries the majority of whom work on farms will benefit most from reform, net farm incomes in developing countries will rise by 6 percent compared with 2 percent for non-agricultural value added, and the number of people surviving on less than USD 1 a day will drop 3 percent globally.

Economic Growth Income Distribution And Poverty Reduction In Contemporary China

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Author : Shujie Yao
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-11-10

Economic Growth Income Distribution And Poverty Reduction In Contemporary China written by Shujie Yao and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-10 with Business & Economics categories.

Yao reviews the economic development history of contemporary China from 1949 up to today, paying special attention to the interface among growth, inequality and poverty reduction.

Transforming The Rural Nonfarm Economy

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Author : Steven Haggblade
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2007-11-16

Transforming The Rural Nonfarm Economy written by Steven Haggblade and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.

Contrary to conventional wisdom that equates rural economies with agriculture, rural residents in developing countries often rely heavily on activities other than farming for their income. Indeed, nonfarm work accounts for between one-third and one-half of rural incomes in the developing world. In recent years, accelerating globalization, increasing competition from large businesses, expanding urban markets for rural goods and services, and greater availability of information and communication technology have combined to expose rural nonfarm businesses to new opportunities as well as new risks. By examining these rapid changes in the rural nonfarm economy, international experts explore how the rural nonfarm economy can contribute to overall economic growth in developing countries and how the poor can participate in this rapidly evolving segment of the economy. The authors review an array of recent studies of the rural nonfarm economy in order to summarize existing empirical evidence, explore policy implications, and identify future research priorities. They examine the varied scale, structure, and composition of the rural nonfarm economy, as well as its relationship with agricultural and urban enterprises. And they address key questions about the role of public intervention in the rural nonfarm economy and how the rural poor can participate in and navigate the rapid transition underway in rural areas. The contributors offer new insights to specialists in rural development and to others interested in overall economic development.