Predictive Coding For Dummies
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Predictive Coding For Dummies
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Author : John Wiley & Sons
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Predictive Coding For Dummies written by John Wiley & Sons and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic discovery (Law) categories.
Visual Mismatch Negativity Vmmn A Prediction Error Signal In The Visual Modality
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Author : Gabor Stefanics
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-06-04
Visual Mismatch Negativity Vmmn A Prediction Error Signal In The Visual Modality written by Gabor Stefanics and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-04 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Current theories of visual change detection emphasize the importance of conscious attention to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment. However, an increasing body of studies shows that the human brain is capable of detecting even small visual changes, especially if such changes violate non-conscious probabilistic expectations based on repeating experiences. In other words, our brain automatically represents statistical regularities of our visual environmental. Since the discovery of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) component, the majority of research in the field has focused on auditory deviance detection. Such automatic change detection mechanisms operate in the visual modality too, as indicated by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) brain potential to rare changes. VMMN is typically elicited by stimuli with infrequent (deviant) features embedded in a stream of frequent (standard) stimuli, outside the focus of attention. In this research topic we aim to present vMMN as a prediction error signal. Predictive coding theories account for phenomena such as mismatch negativity and repetition suppression, and place them in a broader context of a general theory of cortical responses. A wide range of vMMN studies has been presented in this Research Topic. Twelve articles address roughly four general sub-themes including attention, language, face processing, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, four articles focused on particular subjects such as the oblique effect, object formation, and development and time-frequency analysis of vMMN. Furthermore, a review paper presented vMMN in a hierarchical predictive coding framework. Each paper in this Research Topic is a valuable contribution to the field of automatic visual change detection and deepens our understanding of the short term plasticity underlying predictive processes of visual perceptual learning.
Surfing Uncertainty
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Author : Andy Clark
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2016
Surfing Uncertainty written by Andy Clark and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
Exciting new theories in neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence are revealing minds like ours as predictive minds, forever trying to guess the incoming streams of sensory stimulation before they arrive. In this up-to-the-minute treatment, philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark explores new ways of thinking about perception, action, and the embodied mind.
Investing In Bonds For Dummies
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Author : Russell Wild
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-10-09
Investing In Bonds For Dummies written by Russell Wild and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Change up your investment strategy. Diversify with bonds! Stock, bonds, mutual funds—are all of these elements really necessary in your investment portfolio? Yes! Investing in Bonds For Dummies introduces you to the world of bond investment—and equips you to diversify your portfolio—through the concise and approachable presentation of the details surrounding this form of investment. This engaging text offers a clear, yet thorough take on the background of bond investment, helping you understand why it's such an important part of a well-rounded portfolio. Additionally, the book explores bond returns, risks, and the major factors that can influence the performance of bonds. When it comes to diversifying your investment portfolio, most financial advisors recommend a strategy that mixes high- and low-risk options, allowing you to protect your investment without being too conservative. Depending upon your age, financial goals, and other key factors, the percentage of your portfolio made up of bonds may vary; however, it's safe to say that bonds will play a role in your investment strategy. Understand how to buy and sell bonds and bond funds, and why it's important to do so Measure the returns and risks that different bonds have to offer, preparing yourself to make educated investment decisions Diversify your investment portfolio by adding bonds to the mix Avoid common investment mistakes when navigating the world of bonds Investing in Bonds For Dummies can keep your investment portfolio from getting stagnant by showcasing why diversification with bonds is essential to a successful investment strategy!
Linear Predictive Coding And The Internet Protocol
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Author : Robert M. Gray
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2010
Linear Predictive Coding And The Internet Protocol written by Robert M. Gray and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computers categories.
In December 1974 the first realtime conversation on the ARPAnet took place between Culler- Harrison Incorporated in Goleta, California, and MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. This was the first successful application of realtime digital speech communication over a packet network and an early milestone in the explosion of realtime signal processing of speech, audio, images, and video that we all take for granted today. It could be considered as the first voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), except that the Internet Protocol (IP) had not yet been established. In fact, the interest in realtime signal processing had an indirect, but major, impact on the development of IP. This is the story of the development of linear predictive coded (LPC) speech and how it came to be used in the first successful packet speech experiments. Several related stories are recounted as well. The history is preceded by a tutorial on linear prediction methods which incorporates a variety of views to provide context for the stories. This part is a technical survey of the fundamental ideas of linear prediction that are important for speech processing, but the development departs from traditional treatments and takes advantage of several shortcuts, simplifications, and unifications that come with years of hindsight. In particular, some of the key results are proved using short and simple techniques that are not as well known as they should be, and it also addresses some of the common assumptions made when modeling random signals. The reader interested only in the history and already familiar with or uninterested in the technical details of linear prediction and speech may skip Part I entirely.
The Predictive Mind
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Author : Jakob Hohwy
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2013-11-28
The Predictive Mind written by Jakob Hohwy and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Philosophy categories.
A new theory is taking hold in neuroscience. It is the theory that the brain is essentially a hypothesis-testing mechanism, one that attempts to minimise the error of its predictions about the sensory input it receives from the world. It is an attractive theory because powerful theoretical arguments support it, and yet it is at heart stunningly simple. Jakob Hohwy explains and explores this theory from the perspective of cognitive science and philosophy. The key argument throughout The Predictive Mind is that the mechanism explains the rich, deep, and multifaceted character of our conscious perception. It also gives a unified account of how perception is sculpted by attention, and how it depends on action. The mind is revealed as having a fragile and indirect relation to the world. Though we are deeply in tune with the world we are also strangely distanced from it. The first part of the book sets out how the theory enables rich, layered perception. The theory's probabilistic and statistical foundations are explained using examples from empirical research and analogies to different forms of inference. The second part uses the simple mechanism in an explanation of problematic cases of how we manage to represent, and sometimes misrepresent, the world in health as well as in mental illness. The third part looks into the mind, and shows how the theory accounts for attention, conscious unity, introspection, self and the privacy of our mental world.
Introduction To Data Compression
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Author : Khalid Sayood
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-12-15
Introduction To Data Compression written by Khalid Sayood and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-15 with Computers categories.
Introduction to Data Compression, Third Edition, is a concise and comprehensive guide to data compression. This book introduces the reader to the theory underlying today's compression techniques with detailed instruction for their applications using several examples to explain the concepts. Encompassing the entire field of data compression, it covers lossless and lossy compression, Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, dictionary techniques, context based compression, scalar and vector quantization. It includes all the cutting edge updates the reader will need during the work day and in class. This edition adds new content on the topic of audio compression including a description of the mp3 algorithm, along with a new video coding standard and new facsimile standard explained. It explains in detail established and emerging standards in depth including JPEG 2000, JPEG-LS, MPEG-2, Group 3 and 4 faxes, JBIG 2, ADPCM, LPC, CELP, and MELP. Source code is provided via a companion web site that gives readers the opportunity to build their own algorithms, choose and implement techniques in their own applications. This book will appeal to professionals, software and hardware engineers, students, and to anyone interested in digital libraries and multimedia. *New content added on the topic of audio compression including a description of the mp3 algorithm *New video coding standard and new facsimile standard explained *Completely explains established and emerging standards in depth including JPEG 2000, JPEG-LS, MPEG-2, Group 3 and 4 faxes, JBIG 2, ADPCM, LPC, CELP, and MELP *Source code provided via companion web site that gives readers the opportunity to build their own algorithms, choose and implement techniques in their own applications
Perspective Taking Building A Neurocognitive Framework For Integrating The Social And The Spatial
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Author : Klaus Kessler
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-06-08
Perspective Taking Building A Neurocognitive Framework For Integrating The Social And The Spatial written by Klaus Kessler and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-08 with Cognitive neuroscience categories.
Background: Interacting with other people involves spatial awareness of one’s own body and the other’s body and viewpoint. In the past, social cognition has focused largely on belief reasoning, which is abstracted away from spatial and bodily representations, while there is a strong tradition of work on spatial and object representation which does not consider social interactions. These two domains have flourished independently. A small but growing body of research examines how awareness of space and body relates to the ability to interpret and interact with others. This also builds on the growing awareness that many cognitive processes are embodied, which could be of relevance for the integration of the social and spatial domains: Online mental transformations of spatial representations have been shown to rely on simulated body movements and various aspects of social interaction have been related to the simulation of a conspecific’s behaviour within the observer’s bodily repertoire. Both dimensions of embodied transformations or mappings seem to serve the purpose of establishing alignment between the observer and a target. In spatial cognition research the target is spatially defined as a particular viewpoint or frame of reference (FOR), yet, in social interaction research another viewpoint is occupied by another’s mind, which crucially requires perspective taking in the sense of considering what another person experiences from a different viewpoint. Perspective taking has been studied in different ways within developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience over the last few decades, yet, integrative approaches for channelling all information into a unified account of perspective taking and viewpoint transformations have not been presented so far. Aims: This Research Topic aims to bring together the social and the spatial, and to highlight findings and methods which can unify research across areas. In particular, the topic aims to advance our current theories and set the stage for future developments of the field by clarifying and linking theoretical concepts across disciplines. Scope: The focus of this Research Topic is on the SPATIAL and the SOCIAL, and we anticipate that all submissions will touch on both aspects and will explicitly attempt to bridge conceptual gaps. Social questions could include questions of how people judge another person’s viewpoint or spatial capacities, or how they imagine themselves from different points of view. Spatial questions could include consideration of different physical configurations of the body and the arrangement of different viewpoints, including mental rotation of objects or viewpoints that have social relevance. Questions could also relate to how individual differences (in personality, sex, development, culture, species etc.) influence or determine social and spatial perspective judgements. Many different methods can be used to explore perspective taking, including mental chronometry, behavioural tasks, EEG/MEG and fMRI, child development, neuropsychological patients, virtual reality and more. Bringing together results and approaches from these different domains is a key aim of this Research Topic. We welcome submissions of experimental papers, reviews and theory papers which cover these topics.
Brain Oscillations And Predictive Coding What We Know And What We Should Learn
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Author : Roumen Kirov
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-04-28
Brain Oscillations And Predictive Coding What We Know And What We Should Learn written by Roumen Kirov and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-28 with categories.
Predictive coding (PC) is a neurocognitive concept, according to which the brain does not process the whole qualia of external information, but only residual mismatches occurring between incoming information and an individual, inner model of the world. At the time of issue initiation, I expected an essential focus on mismatch signals in the brain, especially those captured by neurophysiologic oscillations. This was because one most plausible approach to the PC concept is to identify and validate mismatch signals in the brain. Announcing the topic revealed a much deeper consideration of intelligible minds of researchers. It turned out that what was of fundamental interest was which brain mechanisms support the formation, maintenance and consolidation of the inner model determining PC. Is PC a dynamic construct continuously modulated by external environmental or internal mental information? The reader will be delighted to get acquainted with the current views and understanding of eminent scholars in the field. It will be challenging to discover the realm of sleep where both physiological, energy preserving and mental qualia principles build on the inner models to shape and transform the self. And where neurophysiologic oscillations may both transmit external information and translate inner models from state to state to preserve the self-continuity and compactness.