Preferences And Democracy
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Preferences And Democracy
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Author : Alb. Breton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Preferences And Democracy written by Alb. Breton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Political Science categories.
I. Until about a dozen years ago, the economic analysis of the relationship between political preferences and political demands was a rather straightforward, if dull, subject. The most common assumption was that the only political instrument available to citizens was the vote. Given this assumption, the analyst could express the outcome of the voting process in one of two ways. One possibility was to make the heroic assumptions necessary to obtain the median voter theorem, in which case, the political demands of the citizenry are simply the preferences of the median voter. The alternative was to make Arrow's Impossibility Theorem in which case even though individual preferences are well ordered, no collective preference function exists. On either of these approaches, institutions such as interest groups, political parties, or the structures ofpolitical representation played no role in the analysis. The work of "Chicago" scholars especially George Stigler, Gary Becker and Sam Peltzman took a different approach and emphasized the importanceoforganizationinmakingpoliticaldemandseffective, shifting thefocus from voting topolitical "pressure" byinterestgroups. However, in these models, voting as an instrument of political action simply disappears and the relationship between interest group pressures and electoral processes has never been clarified.
Collective Preferences In Democratic Politics
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Author : Scott L. Althaus
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-09-08
Collective Preferences In Democratic Politics written by Scott L. Althaus and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-08 with Political Science categories.
Since so few people appear knowledgeable about public affairs, one might question whether collective policy preferences revealed in opinion surveys accurately convey the distribution of voices and interests in a society. This study, the first comprehensive treatment of the relationship between knowledge, representation, and political equality in opinion surveys, suggests some surprising answers. Knowledge does matter, and the way it is distributed in society can cause collective preferences to reflect disproportionately the opinions of some groups more than others. Sometimes collective preferences seem to represent something like the will of the people, but frequently they do not. Sometimes they rigidly enforce political equality in the expression of political viewpoints, but often they do not. The primary culprit is not any inherent shortcoming in the methods of survey research. Rather, it is the limited degree of knowledge held by ordinary citizens about public affairs. Accounting for these factors can help survey researchers, journalists, politicians, and concerned citizens better appreciate the pitfalls and possibilities for using opinion polls to represent the people s voice.
Democracy And Decision
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Author : Geoffrey Brennan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1997-03-13
Democracy And Decision written by Geoffrey Brennan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-13 with Business & Economics categories.
"The significance of this account should be clear. If, as economists frequently assert, proper diagnosis of the disease is a crucial prerequisite to treatment, then the design of appropriate democratic institutions depends critically on a coherent analysis of the way the electoral process works and the perversities to which it is prone. The claim is that the interest-based account incorrectly diagnoses the disease. Accordingly, this book ends with an account of the institutional protections that go with expressive voting."--BOOK JACKET.
Democracy And Security
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Author : Matthew Evangelista
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-12-04
Democracy And Security written by Matthew Evangelista and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-04 with History categories.
It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general. This edited book offers a broad examination of how democratic preferences and norms are relevant to security policy beyond the decision of whether to go to war. It therefore offers a fresh understanding of state behaviour in the security realm. The contributors discuss such issues as defence policy, air war, cluster bombs, non-lethal weapons, weapons of mass destruction, democratic and non-democratic nuclear weapon states’ transparency, and the political and ideological background of the ongoing ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’. It has become generally accepted wisdom that democracies do not go to war against each other. However, there are significant differences between democratic states in terms of their approach to war and security policy in general.
Organizing Democratic Choice
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Author : Ian Budge
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-06-28
Organizing Democratic Choice written by Ian Budge and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-28 with Political Science categories.
This bold venture into democratic theory offers a new and reinvigorating thesis for how democracy delivers on its promise of public control over public policy. In theory, popular control could be achieved through a process entirely driven by supply-side politics, with omniscient and strategic political parties converging on the median voter's policy preference at every turn. However, this would imply that there would be no distinguishable political parties (or even any reason for parties to exist) and no choice for a public to make. The more realistic view taken here portrays democracy as an ongoing series of give and take between political parties' policy supply and a mass public's policy demand. Political parties organize democratic choices as divergent policy alternatives, none of which is likely to satisfy the public's policy preferences at any one turn. While the one-off, short-run consequence of a single election often results in differences between the policies that parliaments and governments pursue and the preferences their publics hold, the authors construct theoretical arguments, employ computer simulations, and follow up with empirical analysis to show how, why, and under what conditions democratic representation reveals itself over time. Democracy, viewed as a process rather than a single electoral event, can and usually does forge strong and congruent linkages between a public and its government. This original thesis offers a challenge to democratic pessimists who would have everyone believe that neither political parties nor mass publics are up to the tasks that democracy assigns them. Comparative Politics is a series for students, teachers, and researchers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu The Comparative Politics series is edited by Professor David M. Farrell, School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, Kenneth Carty, Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia, and Professor Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Institute of Political Science, Philipps University, Marburg.
Aggregation And Representation Of Preferences
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Author : Andranick S. Tanguiane
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Aggregation And Representation Of Preferences written by Andranick S. Tanguiane and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Aggregation is the conjunction of information, aimed at its compact represen tation. Any time when the totality of data is described in terms of general ized indicators, conventional counts, typical representatives and characteristic dependences, one directly or indirectly deals with aggregation. It includes revealing the most significant characteristics and distinctive features, quanti tative and qualitative analysis. As a result, the information becomes adaptable for further processing and convenient for human perception. Aggregation is widely used in economics, statistics, management, planning, system analysis, and many other fields. That is why aggregation is so important in data pro cessing. Aggregation of preferences is a particular case of the general problem of ag gregation. It arises in multicriteria decision-making and collective choice, when a set of alternatives has to be ordered with respect to contradicting criteria, or various individual opinions. However, in spite of apparent similarity the problems of multicriteria decision-making and collective choice are somewhat different. Indeed, an improvement in some specifications at the cost of worsen ing others is not the same as the satisfaction of interests of some individuals to the prejudice of the rest. In the former case the reciprocal compensations are considered within a certain entirety; in the latter we infringe upon the rights of independent individuals. Moreover, in multicriteria decision-making one usu ally takes into account objective factors, whereas in collective choice one has to compare subjective opinions which cannot be measured properly.
Democracy And Security
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Democracy And Security written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Degrees Of Democracy
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Author : Stuart Neil Soroka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Degrees Of Democracy written by Stuart Neil Soroka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Public opinion categories.
Project Conceptions Of Democracy And Preferences Over Democratic Procedures Kognitiver Online Pretest
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Author : Timo Lenzner
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Project Conceptions Of Democracy And Preferences Over Democratic Procedures Kognitiver Online Pretest written by Timo Lenzner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Preferences And Situations
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Author : Ira Katznelson
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2005-09-08
Preferences And Situations written by Ira Katznelson and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-08 with Political Science categories.
A scholarly gulf has tended to divide historians, political scientists, and social movement theorists on how people develop and act on their preferences. Rational choice scholars assumed that people—regardless of the time and place in which they live—try to achieve certain goals, like maximizing their personal wealth or power. In contrast, comparative historical scholars have emphasized historical context in explaining people's behavior. Recently, a common emphasis on how institutions—such as unions or governments—influence people's preferences in particular situations has emerged, promising to narrow the divide between the two intellectual camps. In Preferences and Situations, editors Ira Katnelson and Barry Weingast seek to expand that common ground by bringing together an esteemed group of contributors to address the ways in which institutions, in their wider historical setting, induce people to behave in certain ways and steer the course of history. The contributors examine a diverse group of topics to assess the role that institutions play in shaping people's preferences and decision-making. For example, Margaret Levi studies two labor unions to determine how organizational preferences are established. She discusses how the individual preferences of leaders crystallize and become cemented into an institutional culture through formal rules and informal communication. To explore how preferences alter with time, David Brady, John Ferejohn, and Jeremy Pope examine why civil rights legislation that failed to garner sufficient support in previous decades came to pass Congress in 1964. Ira Katznelson reaches back to the 13th century to discuss how the institutional development of Parliament after the signing of the Magna Carta led King Edward I to reframe the view of the British crown toward Jews and expel them in 1290. The essays in this book focus on preference formation and change, revealing a great deal of overlap between two schools of thought that were previously considered mutually exclusive. Though the scholarly debate over the merits of historical versus rational choice institutionalism will surely rage on, Preferences and Situations reveals how each field can be enriched by the other.