Aggregation And Representation Of Preferences
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Aggregation And Representation Of Preferences
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Author : Andranick S. Tanguiane
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Aggregation And Representation Of Preferences written by Andranick S. Tanguiane and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Aggregation is the conjunction of information, aimed at its compact represen tation. Any time when the totality of data is described in terms of general ized indicators, conventional counts, typical representatives and characteristic dependences, one directly or indirectly deals with aggregation. It includes revealing the most significant characteristics and distinctive features, quanti tative and qualitative analysis. As a result, the information becomes adaptable for further processing and convenient for human perception. Aggregation is widely used in economics, statistics, management, planning, system analysis, and many other fields. That is why aggregation is so important in data pro cessing. Aggregation of preferences is a particular case of the general problem of ag gregation. It arises in multicriteria decision-making and collective choice, when a set of alternatives has to be ordered with respect to contradicting criteria, or various individual opinions. However, in spite of apparent similarity the problems of multicriteria decision-making and collective choice are somewhat different. Indeed, an improvement in some specifications at the cost of worsen ing others is not the same as the satisfaction of interests of some individuals to the prejudice of the rest. In the former case the reciprocal compensations are considered within a certain entirety; in the latter we infringe upon the rights of independent individuals. Moreover, in multicriteria decision-making one usu ally takes into account objective factors, whereas in collective choice one has to compare subjective opinions which cannot be measured properly.
On The Representation And Aggregation Of Homothetic Preferences
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Author : John Somerset Chipman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
On The Representation And Aggregation Of Homothetic Preferences written by John Somerset Chipman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Consumption (Economics) categories.
Preferences And Decisions
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Author : Salvatore Greco
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-05
Preferences And Decisions written by Salvatore Greco and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-05 with Computers categories.
Decision making is an omnipresent, most crucial activity of the human being, and also of virtually all artificial broadly perceived “intelligent” systems that try to mimic human behavior, reasoning and choice processes. It is quite obvious that such a relevance of decision making had triggered vast research effort on its very essence, and attempts to develop tools and techniques which would make it possible to somehow mimic human decision making related acts, even to automate decision making processes that had been so far reserved for the human beings. The roots of those attempts at a scientific analysis can be traced to the ancient times but – clearly – they have gained momentum in the recent 50 or 100 years following a general boom in science. Depending on the field of science, decision making can be viewed in different ways. The most general view can be that decision making boils down to some cognitive, mental process(es) that lead to the selection of an option or a course of action among several alternatives. Then, looking in a deeper way, from a psychological perspective this process proceeds in the context of a set of needs, preferences, rational choice of an individual, a group of individuals, or even an organization. From a cognitive perspective, the decision making process proceeds in the context of various interactions with the environment.
Aggregation Of Individuals Preference Intensities Into Social Preference Intensity
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Author : Charles Harvey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Aggregation Of Individuals Preference Intensities Into Social Preference Intensity written by Charles Harvey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
A result of John Harsanyi concerns the aggregation of individuals' preferences into social preferences. The result states that if the individuals in a society and the society as a whole have preference relations that compare probability distributions on a set of outcomes, and the preference relations satisfy expected-utility conditions and Pareto conditions, then a utility function for the social preference relation is a positive affine function of utility functions for the individuals' preference relations. This paper presents an analogous result for preference relations that denote intensity of preference, i.e., preference relations that compare exchanges of outcomes. This approach avoids the difficulties of requiring that the individuals in the society have common beliefs regarding uncertainty.
Judgment Aggregation
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Author : Davide Kantarcioglu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Judgment Aggregation written by Davide Kantarcioglu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Computers categories.
Judgment aggregation is a mathematical theory of collective decision-making. It concerns the methods whereby individual opinions about logically interconnected issues of interest can, or cannot, be aggregated into one collective stance. Aggregation problems have traditionally been of interest for disciplines like economics and the political sciences, as well as philosophy, where judgment aggregation itself originates from, but have recently captured the attention of disciplines like computer science, artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. Judgment aggregation has emerged in the last decade as a unifying paradigm for the formalization and understanding of aggregation problems. Still, no comprehensive presentation of the theory is available to date. This Synthesis Lecture aims at filling this gap presenting the key motivations, results, abstractions and techniques underpinning it. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Logic Meets Social Choice Theory / Basic Concepts / Impossibility / Coping with Impossibility / Manipulability / Aggregation Rules / Deliberation / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies / Index
Social Choice Of Convex Risk Measures Through Arrovian Aggregation Of Variational Preferences
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Author : Frederik Herzberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Social Choice Of Convex Risk Measures Through Arrovian Aggregation Of Variational Preferences written by Frederik Herzberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This paper studies collective decision making with regard to convex risk measures: It addresses the question whether there exist nondictatorial aggregation functions of convex risk measures satisfying Arrow-type rationality axioms (weak universality, systematicity, Pareto principle). Herein, convex risk measures are identified with variational preferences on account of the Maccheroni-Marinacci-Rustichini (2006) axiomatisation of variational preference relations and the Föllmer-Schied (2002, 2004) representation theorem for concave monetary utility functionals. We prove a variational analogue of Arrow's impossibility theorem for finite electorates. For infinite electorates, the possibility of rational aggregation depends on a uniform continuity condition for the variational preference profiles; we prove variational analogues of both Campbell's impossibility theorem and Fishburn's possibility theorem. The proof methodology is based on a model-theoretic approach to aggregation theory inspired by Lauwers-Van Liedekerke (1995). An appendix applies the Dietrich-List (2010) analysis of majority voting to the problem of variational preference aggregation. -- Arrow-type preference aggregation ; judgment aggregation ; abstract aggregation theory ; variational preferences ; multiple priors preferences ; convex risk measure ; model theory ; first-order predicate logic ; ultrafilter ; ultraproduct
Social Aggregation Of Preferences And The Distance Between Economic Agents
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Author : Heine Rasmussen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Social Aggregation Of Preferences And The Distance Between Economic Agents written by Heine Rasmussen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This paper defines and investigates a new metric that measures the distance between preference relations. The metric induces a topology on spaces of preferences, and we inquire into the properties of this topology. An axiomatic characterization of the metric is also given. Finally, referring to a problem in the theory of social choice, we show that with our topology, some natural domains of preferences admit social choice rules that are continuous, anonymous, and respect unanimity.
Aggregation And Revolution Of Preferences
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Aggregation And Revolution Of Preferences written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Conditioning And Aggregation Of Preferences
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Author : Costis Skiadas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Conditioning And Aggregation Of Preferences written by Costis Skiadas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Decision making categories.
Arrovian Aggregation Models
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Author : Fuad T. Aleskerov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Arrovian Aggregation Models written by Fuad T. Aleskerov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Aggregation of individual opinions into a social decision is a problem widely observed in everyday life. For centuries people tried to invent the `best' aggregation rule. In 1951 young American scientist and future Nobel Prize winner Kenneth Arrow formulated the problem in an axiomatic way, i.e., he specified a set of axioms which every reasonable aggregation rule has to satisfy, and obtained that these axioms are inconsistent. This result, often called Arrow's Paradox or General Impossibility Theorem, had become a cornerstone of social choice theory. The main condition used by Arrow was his famous Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives. This very condition pre-defines the `local' treatment of the alternatives (or pairs of alternatives, or sets of alternatives, etc.) in aggregation procedures. Remaining within the framework of the axiomatic approach and based on the consideration of local rules, Arrovian Aggregation Models investigates three formulations of the aggregation problem according to the form in which the individual opinions about the alternatives are defined, as well as to the form of desired social decision. In other words, we study three aggregation models. What is common between them is that in all models some analogue of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives condition is used, which is why we call these models Arrovian aggregation models. Chapter 1 presents a general description of the problem of axiomatic synthesis of local rules, and introduces problem formulations for various versions of formalization of individual opinions and collective decision. Chapter 2 formalizes precisely the notion of `rationality' of individual opinions and social decision. Chapter 3 deals with the aggregation model for the case of individual opinions and social decisions formalized as binary relations. Chapter 4 deals with Functional Aggregation Rules which transform into a social choice function individual opinions defined as choice functions. Chapter 5 considers another model – Social Choice Correspondences when the individual opinions are formalized as binary relations, and the collective decision is looked for as a choice function. Several new classes of rules are introduced and analyzed.