Pregnancy Discrimination And The American Worker
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Pregnancy Discrimination And The American Worker
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Author : Michelle D. Deardorff
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-29
Pregnancy Discrimination And The American Worker written by Michelle D. Deardorff and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-29 with Political Science categories.
This book explores how the federal courts have addressed the two primary federal statutory protections found in the Pregnancy Discrimination Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act and how law mediates conflict between workplace expectations and the realities of pregnancy. While pregnancy discrimination has been litigated under both, these laws establish different forms of equality. Formal equality requires equal treatment of pregnant women in the workplace, and substantive equality requires the worker's needs to be accommodated by the employer. Drawing from a unique database of 1,112 cases, Deardorff and Dahl discuss how courts have addressed pregnancy through these two different approaches to equality. The authors explore the implications for gender equality and the evolution of how pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions in employment can be addressed by employers.
Mothers On The Job
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Author : Lise Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Release Date : 1993
Mothers On The Job written by Lise Vogel and has been published by Rutgers University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Political Science categories.
Women's increasing demands for protection and benefits in the workplace, especially with regard to maternity leave, have sparked more than a century of controversy among feminists on how best to serve the needs of working women. This debate continues to divide the feminist community. One side believes women are better served by emphasizing equality with men--pregnancy should be treated like any other "disability." The other side wants to recognize difference--special provisions should apply only to pregnant women. Lise Vogel examines the evolution of this debate on pregnant women in the workplace, looking at theoretical as well as practical implications. Vogel begins by assessing the history of the contemporary debate on pregnancy policy in the U.S. Since the middle of the nineteenth-century, American women have been torn by the contradictory demands of motherhood and the workplace. Pregnancy was grounds for dismissal from work and few employers took action to protect pregnant workers. To counter this, early twentieth-century feminists and reformers emphasized female specificity and women's special role. In the 1960s activists adopted a strategy framed on equality, which moved away from the earlier emphasis on differences. The use of equality strategies to cover the female-specific phenomenon of pregnancy turned out to have problems. Now women's special needs were denied and ignored. These difficulties and a series of court cases in the 1980s triggered debates in the feminist legal community. Vogel looks at the litigation and debates, which pitted advocates of gender-neutral strategies against critics who called for female-specific policies. Vogel argues that, in terms of practical benefits, women will be served best by a gender-neutral approach to pregnancy policy. She encourages equality advocates to recognize the inherent diversity of individuals, and points out the need to be sensitive to individual factors of race and class, as well as sex.
Pregnant At Work
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Author : Elise Andaya
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2024-03-05
Pregnant At Work written by Elise Andaya and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-05 with Social Science categories.
A compelling analysis of social inequality through the perspective of pregnant, low-wage service workers The low-wage service industry is one of the fastest-growing employment sectors in the US economy. Its workers disproportionately tend to be low-income and minority women. Service sector work entails rigid forms of temporal discipline manifested in work requirements for flexible, last-minute, and round-the-clock availability, as well as limited to no eligibility for sick and parental leaves, all of which impact workers’ ability to care for themselves and their dependents. Pregnant at Work examines the experiences of pregnant service sector workers in New York City as they try to navigate the time conflicts between precarious low-wage service labor and safety net prenatal care. Through interviews and fieldwork in a prenatal clinic of a public hospital, Elise Andaya vividly describes workers’ struggles to maintain expected tempos of labor as their pregnancies progress as well as their efforts to schedule and attend prenatal care, where waiting is a constant factor—a reflection of the pervasive belief that poor people’s time is less valuable than that of other people. Pregnant at Work is a compelling examination of the ways in which power and inequalities of race, class, gender, and immigration status are produced and reproduced in the US, including in individual pregnant bodies. The stories of the pregnant workers featured in this book underscore the urgency of movements towards temporal justice and a new politics of care in the twenty-first century.
Women S Rights In The Workplace
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Author : Esq. Tuckner, Jack
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2013-11
Women S Rights In The Workplace written by Esq. Tuckner, Jack and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11 with Law categories.
It is an unfortunate reality that, in the US, not all men are considered equal, especially when one of those men is a woman. Feminist theory and action may have carried us far, but it hasn't yet carried us far enough. The age-old problem persists: Women simply are not treated the same way as men in the American workforce. Women on average get paid thirty percent less than the men working across from them on the assembly lines, are sexually harassed by their supervisors and managers, get fired when they take time off from work to give birth to and nourish children and, there's not a whole lot we can do about it. Or is there? At best, the above types of practices are merely unlawful. At worst, they are downright illegal. In either case, they may provide the aggrieved with a viable cause of action against the person or entity so blatantly offending our nation's women and disregarding their rights in the workplace-but only a qualified attorney can determine if a cause of action exists and whether or not it is practical to pursue it. A co-founding partner of the New York boutique law firm of Tuckner, Sipser, Weinstock & Sipser, LLP, who has zealously represented clients for more than three decades, Jack Tuckner is, indeed, a qualified attorney. But, in his three-part series, Women's Rights in the Workplace, Tuckner does not commit himself to readers as an attorney to a client. Rather, he acts more like a reporter, whose duty is not to advise but to inform his readers. In each of the three books in the Women's Rights in the Workplace series, Tuckner presents resources, opinions, and information designed to educate readers on the facts, legal issues, and applicable laws surrounding some of the chief concerns women face in the modern, albeit outmoded, American workplace. The first installment in the series focuses on something that is illegal in every state in the union, but is still thriving in workplaces all across the country-pregnancy discrimination. Women's Rights in the Workplace: Pregnancy Discrimination is a guide to help answer the frequently asked questions regarding pregnancy and your workplace rights, addressing issues such as identifying pregnancy discrimination at play; understanding pregnancy as a protected status; the best way to inform your employer that you are pregnant; and applying for maternity leave. It goes on to confront post-pregnancy issues, including expressing breast milk at work and your employer's obligation to treat you as a temporarily disabled employee should you suffer any complications or impairments related to pregnancy and/or childbirth. Tuckner's text is a direct, easy-to-follow statement of rights to which any working woman can turn for a concise presentation of what she needs to know if working while pregnant. It's a book that readers will want to share with mothers, sisters, daughters, wives, and girlfriends, to equip them with the tools to ensure that their careers are not adversely affected by employers who look at pregnancy as an inconvenience. Don't let your employer deceive you regarding your rights while pregnant. Don't think you just have to put up with negative treatment; and, please, don't ever think the fact that you are with child is reasonable cause for your boss to fire you. You do have rights-and Women's Rights in the Workplace: Pregnancy Discrimination can help you understand them. Upcoming installments in the Women's Rights in the Workplace series include guides on sexual harassment and pay disparity.
Discrimination At Work
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Author : Marie Mercat-Bruns
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2016-02-22
Discrimination At Work written by Marie Mercat-Bruns and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-22 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Consists of interviews with American professors.
Maternity And Paternity At Work
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Author : Laura Addati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Maternity And Paternity At Work written by Laura Addati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Business & Economics categories.
This report provides a picture of where we stand and what we have learned so far about maternity and paternity rights across the world. It offers a rich international comparative analysis of law and practice relating to maternity protection at work in 185 countries and territories, comprising leave, cash benefits, employment protection and non-discrimination, health protection, breastfeeding arrangements at work and childcare. Expanding on previous editions, it is based on an extensive set of new legal and statistical indicators, including coverage in law and in practice of paid maternity leave as well as statutory provision of paternity and parental leave and their evolution over the last 20 years. The report also takes account of the recent economic crisis and austerity measures. It shows how well national laws and practice conform to the ILO Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), its accompanying Recommendation (No. 191) and the Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156), and offers guidance on policy design and implementation. This report shows that a majority of countries have established legislation to protect and support maternity and paternity at work, even if those provisions do not always meet the ILO standards. One of the persistent challenges is the effective implementation of legislation, to ensure that all workers are able to benefit from these essential labour rights.
Militarized Maternity
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Author : Megan D. McFarlane
language : en
Publisher: University of California Press
Release Date : 2021-04-08
Militarized Maternity written by Megan D. McFarlane and has been published by University of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-08 with Social Science categories.
The rights of pregnant workers as well as (the lack of) paid maternity leave have increasingly become topics of a major policy debate in the United States. Yet, few discussions have focused on the U.S. military, where many of the latest policy changes focus on these very issues. Despite the armed forces' increases to maternity-related benefits, servicewomen continue to be stigmatized for being pregnant and taking advantage of maternity policies. In an effort to understand this disconnect, Megan McFarlane analyzes military documents and conducts interviews with enlisted servicewomen and female officers. She finds a policy/culture disparity within the military that pregnant servicewomen themselves often co-construct, making the policy changes significantly less effective. McFarlane ends by offering suggestions for how these policy changes can have more impact and how they could potentially serve as an example for the broader societal debate.
Latinas And African American Women At Work
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Author : Irene Browne
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2000-10-12
Latinas And African American Women At Work written by Irene Browne and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-12 with Social Science categories.
One of Choice magazine's Outstanding Academic Books of 1999 Accepted wisdom about the opportunities available to African American and Latina women in the U.S. labor market has changed dramatically. Although the 1970s saw these women earning almost as much as their white counterparts, in the 1980s their relative wages began falling behind, and the job prospects plummeted for those with little education and low skills. At the same time, African American women more often found themselves the sole support of their families. While much social science research has centered on the problems facing black male workers, Latinas and African American Women at Work offers a comprehensive investigation into the eroding progress of these women in the U.S. labor market. The prominent sociologists and economists featured in this volume describe how race and gender intersect to especially disadvantage black and Latina women. Their inquiries encompass three decades of change for women at all levels of the workforce, from those who spend time on the welfare rolls to middle class professionals. Among the many possible sources of increased disadvantage, they particularly examine the changing demands for skills, increasing numbers of immigrants in the job market, the precariousness of balancing work and childcare responsibilities, and employer discrimination. While racial inequity in hiring often results from educational differences between white and minority women, this cannot explain the discrimination faced by women with higher skills. Minority women therefore face a two-tiered hurdle based on race and gender. Although the picture for young African American women has grown bleaker overall, for Latina women, the story is more complex, with a range of economic outcomes among Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and Central and South Americans. Latinas and African American Women at Work reveals differences in how professional African American and white women view their position in the workforce, with black women perceiving more discrimination, for both race and gender, than whites. The volume concludes with essays that synthesize the evidence about racial and gender-based obstacles in the labor market. Given the current heated controversy over female and minority employment, as well as the recent sweeping changes to the national welfare system, the need for empirical data to inform the public debate about disadvantaged women is greater than ever before. The important findings in Latinas and African American Women at Work substantially advance our understanding of social inequality and the pervasive role of race, ethnicity and gender in the economic well-being of American women.
A Day In The Life Of An American Worker 2 Volumes
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Author : Nancy Quam-Wickham
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2019-12-02
A Day In The Life Of An American Worker 2 Volumes written by Nancy Quam-Wickham and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-02 with History categories.
This introduction to the history of work in America illuminates the many important roles that men and women of all backgrounds have played in the formation of the United States. A Day in the Life of an American Worker: 200 Trades and Professions through History allows readers to imagine the daily lives of ordinary workers, from the beginnings of colonial America to the present. It presents the stories of millions of Americans—from the enslaved field hands in antebellum America to the astronauts of the modern "space age"—as they contributed to the formation of the modern and culturally diverse United States. Readers will learn about individual occupations and discover the untold histories of those women and men who too often have remained anonymous to historians but whose stories are just as important as those of leaders whose lives we study in our classrooms. This book provides specific details to enable comprehensive understanding of the benefits and downsides of each trade and profession discussed. Selected accompanying documents further bring history to life by offering vivid testimonies from people who actually worked in these occupations or interacted with those in that field.
The Oxford Handbook Of Women And The Economy
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Author : Susan L. Averett
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-15
The Oxford Handbook Of Women And The Economy written by Susan L. Averett and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.