President Mubarak S Visits Abroad During 2005
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President Mubarak S Visits Abroad During 2005
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Author : Ministry of Information
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
President Mubarak S Visits Abroad During 2005 written by Ministry of Information and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
United Nations Reform Act Of 2005 Foreign Relations Authorization Act Fiscal Years 2006 And 2007 And Expressing The Sense Of The House Of Representatives Regarding The Massacre At Srebrenica In July 1995
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
United Nations Reform Act Of 2005 Foreign Relations Authorization Act Fiscal Years 2006 And 2007 And Expressing The Sense Of The House Of Representatives Regarding The Massacre At Srebrenica In July 1995 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with History categories.
Hosni Mubarak And The Future Of Democracy In Egypt
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Author : A.
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-11-07
Hosni Mubarak And The Future Of Democracy In Egypt written by A. and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-07 with Political Science categories.
As Mubarak's regimenearing its end becomes a strong possibility, many pressures, both foreign and domestic, are coming to bear on Egypt to bring democratic reforms to this struggling country. In The Mubarak Leadership and Future of Democracy in Egypt , Alaa Al-Din Arafat studies this new era and the obstacles that must be overcome.
Egyptian Foreign Policy From Mubarak To Morsi
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Author : Nael Shama
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Egyptian Foreign Policy From Mubarak To Morsi written by Nael Shama and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with Political Science categories.
Egyptian Foreign Policy from Mubarak to Morsi explores an area rarely touched upon by researchers, the relationship between regime security and the national interest. Concentrating on Egyptian foreign policy under President Hosni Mubarak, this book analyses how it was used to bolster his internal hold on power. In considering Egyptian foreign policy, two central case studies are examined. Firstly, Egypt’s reluctance to re-establish diplomatic ties with Iran, and secondly, Egypt’s response to the efforts of the Bush administration in promoting political reform in the Middle East. When examining these case studies the impact of different societal factors on decision-making is taken into consideration, highlighting the role of business groups and the security apparatus in foreign policy decision-making. Concluding with a discussion of Egypt's foreign policy in the first year of Mohamed Morsi's rule, and arguing that it has departed little from Mubarak's policy, this book is a vital resource for anyone interested in contemporary Egyptian politics, Middle East Studies and International Relations more broadly.
The Arab Authoritarian Regime Between Reform And Persistence
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Author : Henner Fürtig
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2009-03-26
The Arab Authoritarian Regime Between Reform And Persistence written by Henner Fürtig and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-26 with Political Science categories.
Economic and/or political liberalisation became a symbol of Arab authoritarian regimes since the initial phase of the “third wave of democratisation” in the early 1990s. Arab rulers found out that liberalisation could help strengthening their authoritarian rule; it diminishes both internal and external pressure and increases their legitimacy. While the regimes soon figured out that the West finally preferred stability and the containment of Islamic militancy to uncertainty caused by democratic “experiments”, 9/11 proved the failure of this unwritten agreement. Based on the experience that democracies do not wage wars against each other, the U.S. government came to the conclusion that only a sincere advancement of human rights and democracy in the Islamic world would – in the long run – avoid a repetition of 9/11-like events. The book analyses in detail how selected Arab regimes from Morocco in the West via Egypt in the centre to Syria and Palestine in the East reacted to this new, unprecedented challenge. Most of them promised a substantial intensification of the liberalisation process. Therefore, the book had to answer the question whether the current reforms are still rhetorical and cosmetic or real and radical, i.e. whether they once again rather foster the authoritarian regimes or lean towards the promotion of democratisation this time. Although a certain surplus of freedom for the ruled could be measured, the book resumed that the liberalisation process is still opposed to democratisation insofar as the authoritarian elite continues to use it as a tool to avoid democracy. Nevertheless, the authors did not stop here. They stated that under the complex circumstances of the modern world even rational actors such as Arab regimes cannot assess all the long-term consequences of their actions. Therefore, they cannot definitely be sure whether a specific measure contributes to the strengthening or to the weakening of their rule. Unintended, the reforms may result in long-term developments which are detrimental to the interests of the authoritarian elite. In other words, if certain liberalisation policies increase the legitimacy of the authoritarian rule in the short run, it still cannot be excluded that they may destabilise the system in the long run, i.e. democracy may come “by accident”.
Us Democracy Promotion In The Middle East
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Author : Dionysis Markakis
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-08-27
Us Democracy Promotion In The Middle East written by Dionysis Markakis and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-27 with Political Science categories.
US Democracy Promotion in the Middle East seeks to explore the changes in US strategy towards democracy promotion in the Middle East during the Clinton and Bush administrations, with a particular focus on Egypt, Iraq and Kuwait. At a time of regional turmoil and political reform, the topic of democracy promotion has never been more pertinent. We are witnessing the emergence of popular movements that are challenging authoritarian governments long supported by the US. Tracing the contours of the ongoing transition in US policy in the Middle East, this book critically deconstructs the strategy of democracy promotion on both a theoretical and empirical level. By formulating and applying an analytical framework derived from a Gramscian approach, Markakis seeks to propose a re-evaluation of what US foreign policy in the Middle East truly constitutes, critiquing both the ideological foundations of the strategy as well as the implementation. This book will provide a solid foundation for the analysis of US policy and in particular the strategy of democracy promotion at this time of momentous transition across the region.
The Mubarak Leadership And Future Of Democracy In Egypt
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Author : A. Arafat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-05-11
The Mubarak Leadership And Future Of Democracy In Egypt written by A. Arafat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-11 with Political Science categories.
As Mubarak's regime nearing its end becomes a strong possibility, many pressures, both foreign and domestic, are coming to bear on Egypt to bring democratic reforms to this struggling country. In The Mubarak Leadership and Future of Democracy in Egypt, Alaa Al-Din Arafat studies this new era and the obstacles that must be overcome.
Egypt After Mubarak
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Author : Bruce K. Rutherford
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2008-11-24
Egypt After Mubarak written by Bruce K. Rutherford and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-24 with Political Science categories.
Egypt's autocratic regime is being weakened by economic crises, growing political opposition, and the pressures of globalization. Observers now wonder which way Egypt will go when the country's aging president, Husni Mubarak, passes from the scene: will it embrace Western-style liberalism and democracy? Or will it become an Islamic theocracy similar to Iran? Egypt after Mubarak demonstrates that both secular and Islamist opponents of the regime are navigating a middle path that may result in a uniquely Islamic form of liberalism and, perhaps, democracy. Bruce Rutherford examines the political and ideological battles that drive Egyptian politics and shape the prospects for democracy throughout the region. He argues that secularists and Islamists are converging around a reform agenda that supports key elements of liberalism, including constraints on state power, the rule of law, and protection of some civil and political rights. But will this deepening liberalism lead to democracy? And what can the United States do to see that it does? In answering these questions, Rutherford shows that Egypt's reformers are reluctant to expand the public's role in politics. This suggests that, while liberalism is likely to progress steadily in the future, democracy's advance will be slow and uneven. Essential reading on a subject of global importance, Egypt after Mubarak draws upon in-depth interviews with Egyptian judges, lawyers, Islamic activists, politicians, and businesspeople. It also utilizes major court rulings, political documents of the Muslim Brotherhood, and the writings of Egypt's leading contemporary Islamic thinkers.
Historical Dictionary Of Russian And Soviet Foreign Policy
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Author : Norman E. Saul
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2014-12-16
Historical Dictionary Of Russian And Soviet Foreign Policy written by Norman E. Saul and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-16 with Political Science categories.
The conduct of the foreign relations of the Russian state in its several contexts—Kiev Rus, Muscovy, Russian Empire, Provisional Government, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Russian Federation—were unique in its common currents from the beginning to the present. Geography was certainly a key factor, located in the center of the world's largest land mass and surrounded by often hostile forces. “All of the Russias” had to confront the problems of open frontiers and the conduct of relations with a number of adjacent states of different ethnicity, and with many that were more distant. No other nation states had to face such complex and divergent circumstances over their histories. Most other Great Powers were neighbors of similar states in culture and historical background, whereas Russia had to deal with Asian, as well as European countries. The Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Foreign Policy covers the history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important individuals, events, and other aspects of the foreign policy of this important country. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Russian foreign policy.
Scripting Middle East Leaders
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Author : Sir Lawrence Freedman
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2012-12-20
Scripting Middle East Leaders written by Sir Lawrence Freedman and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-20 with Political Science categories.
Both the US and the UK seemed caught off-guard by the uprisings in Libya and Egypt and policymakers had to deal with leaders that switched from being allies to "pariahs." This collection of essays, written by leading scholars, examines the evolution of British and American perceptions of "adversaries" in the Middle East since the Cold War. It traces the evolution of how leaders have been perceived, what determined such perceptions, and how they can change over time. It shows that in many cases the beliefs held by policymakers have influenced their policies and the way they adapted during crisis. Each essay focuses on a Middle East leader, such as Nasser, Assad, Hussein, or Ahmadinejad, discussing what these leaders' objectives were perceived to be, the assessments of their willingness to take risks or negotiate, and how such assessments changed overtime and were evaluated in retrospect. This groundbreaking contribution to the literature on leadership attitudes and perceptions in policymaking toward the Middle East will appeal to anyone studying foreign policy, Middle East politics and political psychology.