Prime Numbers The Holy Grail Of Mathematics
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Prime Numbers The Holy Grail Of Mathematics
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Author : Thamer Naouech
language : en
Publisher: Thamer Naouech
Release Date : 2020-10-20
Prime Numbers The Holy Grail Of Mathematics written by Thamer Naouech and has been published by Thamer Naouech this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-20 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
It is undeniable how prime numbers are one of the most beautiful and fascinating topics in mathematics. But what are prime numbers? Are they only numbers that are divisible by 1 and themselves, or do they have another interesting hidden face?Throughout history, the mystery of prime numbers has challenged the greatest minds in mathematics starting from Euclid of Alexandria to Fermat, Euler, Gauss, and Erdős,… who attempted to solve the puzzling problem of primes. The achievements they realized and the secrets they revealed can only assert how deep the concept of prime numbers is. Starting from how prime numbers exist in nature, and how they are of great use in modern cryptography on which our daily life completely depends, the author travels in the holy kingdom of primes diving into some conjectures involving those special numbers. From the Riemann Hypothesis and the well-known zeta function, he explains how a note in the margin turned to be Fermat’s Last Theorem, one of the most important problems in the history of mathematics. From Mersenne Primes, he gets to the twin primes, those shining little stars in the blue sky of primes. And from Euclid’s proof of the infinite number of primes he gets to a hidden pattern in the distribution of primes discovered by Stanisław Ulam and called the Ulam Spiral. After this little trip, you will know, dear reader, why prime numbers deserve to be called "the holy grail of mathematics".
The Riemann Hypothesis
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Author : Peter B. Borwein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008
The Riemann Hypothesis written by Peter B. Borwein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Mathematics categories.
The Riemann Hypothesis has become the Holy Grail of mathematics in the century and a half since 1859 when Bernhard Riemann, one of the extraordinary mathematical talents of the 19th century, originally posed the problem. While the problem is notoriously difficult, and complicated even to state carefully, it can be loosely formulated as "the number of integers with an even number of prime factors is the same as the number of integers with an odd number of prime factors." The Hypothesis makes a very precise connection between two seemingly unrelated mathematical objects, namely prime numbers and the zeros of analytic functions. If solved, it would give us profound insight into number theory and, in particular, the nature of prime numbers. This book is an introduction to the theory surrounding the Riemann Hypothesis. Part I serves as a compendium of known results and as a primer for the material presented in the 20 original papers contained in Part II. The original papers place the material into historical context and illustrate the motivations for research on and around the Riemann Hypothesis. Several of these papers focus on computation of the zeta function, while others give proofs of the Prime Number Theorem, since the Prime Number Theorem is so closely connected to the Riemann Hypothesis. The text is suitable for a graduate course or seminar or simply as a reference for anyone interested in this extraordinary conjecture.
The Music Of The Primes
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Author : Marcus du Sautoy
language : en
Publisher: Harper
Release Date : 2003-04-29
The Music Of The Primes written by Marcus du Sautoy and has been published by Harper this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-29 with Mathematics categories.
Prime numbers are the atoms of arithmetic, the building blocks for all other numbers. In school, we are taught that a prime is one that cannot be divided evenly by any other number except one and itself. What we are not taught is that primes represent the most tantalizing mystery in the pursuit of human knowledge. How can one predict when the next prime number will occur? Is there a formula that could generate primes? Where is the pattern behind these elusive numbers? These questions have formed a riddle that has confounded mathematicians since the ancient Greeks. The answer would revolutionize the world of math, and much more. Nearly 150 years ago, a German mathematician named Bernard Riemann came as close as anyone has ever come to solving this problem. In 1859 he presented a paper on the subject of prime numbers to the Berlin Academy. At the heart of his presentation was an idea -- a hypothesis -- that seemed to reveal a magical harmony between primes and other numbers. It was an idea that Riemann argued was very likely to be true. But after his death, his housekeeper burned all of his personal papers, and to this day, no one knows whether he ever found the proof. By now, the Riemann Hypothesis has become the number one obsession for the world's leading mathematicians. Considered to be even more difficult and more important than Fermat's Last Theorem, Riemann's solution would serve as a periodic table in charting the entire mathematical universe. But it has implications that go far beyond math. It is of tremendous importance in business, since prime numbers are the linchpin for security in banking and e-commerce. It is also the idea that brings together vastly different areas of science, with critical ramifications for Quantum Mechanics, Chaos Theory, and the future of computing. Pioneers in each of these fields are racing to crack the code, and a prize of one million dollars has been offered to the winner. In this remarkable book, Marcus du Sautoy tells a story of eccentric and brilliant men, and of the unquenchable thirst for knowledge that has driven some to madness and others to glory. Illuminating, authoritative, and extremely engaging, The Music of the Primes provides the extraordinary history behind the holy grail of mathematics and the ongoing quest to capture it.
Stalking The Riemann Hypothesis
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Author : Dan Rockmore
language : en
Publisher: Vintage
Release Date : 2007-12-18
Stalking The Riemann Hypothesis written by Dan Rockmore and has been published by Vintage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-18 with Mathematics categories.
For 150 years the Riemann hypothesis has been the holy grail of mathematics. Now, at a moment when mathematicians are finally moving in on a proof, Dartmouth professor Dan Rockmore tells the riveting history of the hunt for a solution.In 1859 German professor Bernhard Riemann postulated a law capable of describing with an amazing degree of accuracy the occurrence of the prime numbers. Rockmore takes us all the way from Euclid to the mysteries of quantum chaos to show how the Riemann hypothesis lies at the very heart of some of the most cutting-edge research going on today in physics and mathematics.
The Music Of The Primes
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Author : Marcus du Sautoy
language : en
Publisher: Harper Perennial
Release Date : 2012-08-14
The Music Of The Primes written by Marcus du Sautoy and has been published by Harper Perennial this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-14 with Mathematics categories.
In 1859, German mathematician Bernhard Riemann presented a paper to the Berlin Academy that would forever change mathematics. The subject was the mystery of prime numbers. At the heart of the presentation was an idea that Riemann had not yet proved—one that baffles mathematicians to this day. Solving the Riemann Hypothesis could change the way we do business, since prime numbers are the lynchpin for security in banking and e-commerce. It would also have a profound impact on the cutting edge of science, affecting quantum mechanics, chaos theory, and the future of computing. Leaders in math and science are trying to crack the elusive code, and a prize of $1 million has been offered to the winner. In this engaging book, Marcus du Sautoy reveals the extraordinary history behind the holy grail of mathematics and the ongoing quest to capture it.
Entangling Primes And Zeros
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Author : David R Ely
language : en
Publisher: David R Ely
Release Date : 2024-04-26
Entangling Primes And Zeros written by David R Ely and has been published by David R Ely this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-26 with Mathematics categories.
For over 150 years, the Riemann Hypothesis stood as perhaps the greatest unsolved problem in mathematics. Proposed in 1859 by Bernard Riemann, the conjecture provided a tantalizing connection between the distribution of prime numbers and the zeros of an analytic function. Riemann located all the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function along a straight line in the complex plane. This simple pattern pointed to hidden order in the chaos of prime numbers. Generations of mathematicians struggled in vain to prove Riemann's alluring claim. It became the holy grail of number theory, resisting the most powerful mathematical minds. The Riemann Hypothesis gained renown as the most important problem in all of mathematics. But despite intense effort, the problem seemed mired in insurmountable difficulty. In this book, we walk through the proof that could finally cracked Riemann's age-old enigma. By bringing together ideas from complex analysis, number theory, and topology, the proof provides a creative bridge between mathematics' disparate domains. Methods based on symmetry, contradiction, and strategic re-expression illuminate Riemann's magic at last. The book offers the first comprehensive guide to understanding and appreciating this watershed mathematical achievement. It provides deep mathematical insights, historical perspectives, and reflection on problem-solving philosophy. Most importantly, the work pays tribute to the human spirit embodied in mathematics’ unending quest to understand the mysteries of patterns that surround us.
The Prime Number Theorem
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Author : G. J. O. Jameson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-04-17
The Prime Number Theorem written by G. J. O. Jameson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-17 with Mathematics categories.
At first glance the prime numbers appear to be distributed in a very irregular way amongst the integers, but it is possible to produce a simple formula that tells us (in an approximate but well defined sense) how many primes we can expect to find that are less than any integer we might choose. The prime number theorem tells us what this formula is and it is indisputably one of the great classical theorems of mathematics. This textbook gives an introduction to the prime number theorem suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The author's aim is to show the reader how the tools of analysis can be used in number theory to attack a 'real' problem, and it is based on his own experiences of teaching this material.
The Book Of Prime Number Records
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Author : Paulo Ribenboim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Book Of Prime Number Records written by Paulo Ribenboim and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
This text originated as a lecture delivered November 20, 1984, at Queen's University, in the undergraduate colloquium series established to honour Professors A. J. Coleman and H. W. Ellis and to acknowledge their long-lasting interest in the quality of teaching undergraduate students. In another colloquium lecture, my colleague Morris Orzech, who had consulted the latest edition of the Guinness Book oj Records, reminded me very gently that the most "innumerate" people of the world are of a certain tribe in Mato Grosso, Brazil. They do not even have a word to express the number "two" or the concept of plurality. "Yes Morris, I'm from Brazil, but my book will contain numbers different from 'one.' " He added that the most boring 800-page book is by two Japanese mathematicians (whom I'll not name), and consists of about 16 million digits of the number 11. "I assure you Morris, that in spite of the beauty of the apparent randomness of the decimal digits of 11, I'll be sure that my text will also include some words." Acknowledgment. The manuscript of this book was prepared on the word processor by Linda Nuttall. I wish to express my appreciation for the great care, speed, and competence of her work. Paulo Ribenboim CONTENTS Preface vii Guiding the Reader xiii Index of Notations xv Introduction Chapter 1. How Many Prime Numbers Are There? 3 I. Euclid's Proof 3 II.
Prime Numbers
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Author : Richard Crandall
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Prime Numbers written by Richard Crandall and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
Bridges the gap between theoretical and computational aspects of prime numbers Exercise sections are a goldmine of interesting examples, pointers to the literature and potential research projects Authors are well-known and highly-regarded in the field
The Distribution Of Prime Numbers
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Author : Albert Edward Ingham
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1990-09-28
The Distribution Of Prime Numbers written by Albert Edward Ingham and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-09-28 with Mathematics categories.
Originally published in 1934, this volume presents the theory of the distribution of the prime numbers in the series of natural numbers. Despite being long out of print, it remains unsurpassed as an introduction to the field.