Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks
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Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: FEMA
Release Date : 2003
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks written by and has been published by FEMA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with School buildings categories.
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks
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Author : Michael Chipley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-12-01
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks written by Michael Chipley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-01 with categories.
Provides guidance to protect students, faculty, staff, & their school buildings form terrorist attacks. It also provides guidance to the building science community of architects & engineers working for local institutions on school projects. This document is intended for use by schools who feel that they are at risk from terrorist attacks. It provides necessary guidance to those who desire to increase the performance of their school & related infrastructure. The use of experts to apply the methodologies contained in this document is encouraged. This primer references several sources for additional information, including publications completed by other government agencies, which should be consulted to obtain additional guidance. Color llus.
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Release Date : 2004-04-23
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks written by and has been published by Federal Emergency Management Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-23 with categories.
Provides architects, engineers, and school administrators with the basic principles and techniques to make a school safe from terrorist attacks.
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with School crisis management categories.
Risk Management Series Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks Fema 428 December 2003
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Author : U. s. Department of Homeland Security
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2013-01-26
Risk Management Series Primer To Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks Fema 428 December 2003 written by U. s. Department of Homeland Security and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-26 with Social Science categories.
The purpose of this primer is to provide the design community and school administrators with the basic principles and techniques to make a school that is safe from terrorist attacks and at the same time is functional, aesthetically pleasing, and meets the needs of the students, staff, administration, and general public. Protecting a school building and grounds from physical attack is a significant challenge because the ability to design, construct, renovate, operate, and maintain the facility is spread across numerous building users, infrastructure systems, and many building design codes. There is a strong interest in the United States (U.S.) in ensuring the safety of students, faculty, and staff in our schools. Schools are integral parts of their communities. Many schools are used as shelters, command centers, or meeting places in times of crisis. Schools are also used widely for polling and voting functions. In some communities, schools are places of health care delivery. Schools may or may not be the targets of terrorism, but they are certain to be affected by terrorism, whether directly or indirectly. On September 11, 2001, four elementary schools and three high schools located within 6 blocks of the World Trade Center were just beginning classes when the first plane hit the north tower. Thousands of children were exposed to the dust clouds from the collapsing buildings. Even those children not in the immediate vicinity experienced a great deal of anxiety. Children in at least three states (New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut) had parents working in or around the World Trade Center that day. In the Washington, DC, area, schools faced similar situations after the Pentagon was attacked. Many Americans feel that schools should be the safest place our children can be, perhaps at times even safer than the homes in which they live. Security is not a standalone capability; it is a critical design consideration that should be constantly reviewed and scrutinized from the design phase through construction or rehabilitation and onto building use. The focus of this primer will be on the threats posed by potential physical attacks on a school by terrorists. Attacking schools and school children could be a highly emotional and high profile event. At the time of publication of this primer, there have been no direct terrorist threats against a school known to the public; however, schools could be indirectly threatened by collateral damage from a terrorist attack directed at nearby facilities. Protecting a school against terrorist attack is a challenging task. A school may have considerable vulnerabilities, because of its well defined periods of use, designated access points, storage of sensitive personal information, minimal security forces, and numerous avenues of penetration and escape for attackers. This primer should be used in conjunction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 426, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, and FEMA 427, Primer for Design of Commercial Buildings to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks. This primer presents an approach to protecting schools at risk from terrorist attacks. The information presented is intended primarily for architects and engineers, or school administrators with a technical background. This publication is designed to meet the needs of all schools, including those with serious security concerns. Because security concerns of individual schools vary greatly, some users with modest security concerns may feel beleaguered by the amount of information and technical approach presented. They should feel free to select the methods and measures that best meet their individual situations while gaining a general appreciation of security concerns and risk management.
Primer For Design Of Commercial Buildings To Mitigate Terrorist Attacks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Release Date : 2003
Primer For Design Of Commercial Buildings To Mitigate Terrorist Attacks written by and has been published by Federal Emergency Management Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Architecture categories.
Manual contains extensive qualitative design guidance for limiting or mitigating the effects of terrorist attacks, focusing primarily on explosions, but also addressing chemical, biological, and radiological attacks.
Jihadists And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
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Author : Gary Ackerman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-02-03
Jihadists And Weapons Of Mass Destruction written by Gary Ackerman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-03 with Social Science categories.
Explores the Nexus Formed When Malevolent Actors Access Malignant Means Written for professionals, academics, and policymakers working at the forefront of counterterrorism efforts, Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction is an authoritative and comprehensive work addressing the threat of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the hands of jihadists, both historically and looking toward the future threat environment. Providing insight on one of the foremost security issues of the 21st century, this seminal resource effectively: Documents current trends in the ideology, strategy, and tactics of jihadists as these relate to WMD Includes a section devoted to jihadist involvement with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons Explores the role of intelligence, law enforcement, and policymakers in anticipating, deterring, and mitigating WMD attacks Provides an overview of nonproliferation policies designed to keep WMD out of the hands of jihadists Conducts a groundbreaking quantitative empirical analysis of jihadist behavior Elicits leading experts’ estimates of the future WMD threat from jihadists Leading international experts clearly differentiate between peaceful Muslims and jihadists, exploring how jihadists translate their extreme and violent ideology into strategy. They also focus on WMD target selection and the spread of WMD knowledge in jihadist communities. Devoid of sensationalism, this multidimensional evaluation adds a heightened level of sophistication to our understanding of the prospects for and nature of jihadist WMD terrorism. About the Editors Gary Ackerman is Research Director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), a Department of Homeland Security National Center of Excellence based at the University of Maryland. His research work focuses on threat assessment and terrorism involving unconventional weapons. Jeremy Tamsett is a consultant for Henley-Putnam University and an analyst at the Center for Terrorism and Intelligence Studies (CETIS), a research center dedicated to identifying, better comprehending, and accurately assessing the present and future security threats stemming from a variety of violence-prone extremists and their enablers. He has served as Project Manager for the U.S. Government funded Critical Infrastructure Terrorist Attack database and Global Terrorism Database (GTD).
Risk Management Series Site And Urban Design For Security Guidance Against Potential Terrorist Attacks
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Author : Federal Emergency Agency
language : en
Publisher: FEMA
Release Date : 2013-01-27
Risk Management Series Site And Urban Design For Security Guidance Against Potential Terrorist Attacks written by Federal Emergency Agency and has been published by FEMA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-27 with categories.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed this publication, Site and Urban Design for Security: Guidance against Potential Terrorist Attacks, to provide information and design concepts for the protection of buildings and occupants, from site perimeters to the faces of buildings. The intended audience includes the design community of architects, landscape architects, engineers and other consultants working for private institutions, building owners and managers and state and local government officials concerned with site planning and design. Immediately after September 11, 2001, extensive site security measures were put in place, particularly in the two target cities of New York and Washington. However, many of these security measures were applied on an ad hoc basis, with little regard for their impacts on development pat-terns and community character. Property owners, government entities and others erected security barriers to limit street access and installed a wide variety of security devices on sidewalks, buildings, and transportation facilities. The short-term impacts of these measures were certainly justified in the immediate aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001, but traffic patterns, pedestrian mobility, and the vitality of downtown street life were increasingly jeopardized. Hence, while the main objective of this manual is to reduce physical damage to buildings and related infrastructure through site design, the purpose of FEMA 430 is also to ensure that security design provides careful attention to urban design values by maintaining or even enhancing the site amenities and aesthetic quality in urban and semi-urban areas. This publication focuses on site design aimed to protect buildings from attackers using vehicles carrying explosives. These represent the most serious form of attack. Large trucks enable terrorists to carry very large amounts of explosives that are capable of causing casualties and destruction over a range of many hundreds of yards. Perimeter barriers and protective design within the site can greatly reduce the possibility of vehicle penetration. Introduction of smaller explosive devices, carried in suitcases or backpacks, must be prevented by pedestrian screening methods. Site design for security, however, may impact the function and amenity of the site, and barrier and access control design may impact the quality of the public space within the adjacent neighborhood and community. The designer's role is to ensure that public amenity and the aesthetics of the site surroundings are kept in balance with security needs. This publication contains a number of examples in which the security/ amenity balance has been maintained through careful design and collaboration between designers and security experts. Much security design work since September 11, 2001, has been applied to federal and state projects, and these provide many of the design examples shown. At present, federal government projects are subject to mandatory security guidelines that do not apply to private sector projects, but these guidelines provide a valuable information resource in the absence of comparable guidelines or regulations applying to private development. Operations and management issues and the detailed design of access control, intrusion alarm systems, electronic perimeter protection, and physical security devices, such as locking devices, are the province of the security consultant and are not covered here, except as they may impact the conceptual design of the site. Limited information only is provided on some aspects of chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) attacks that are significant for site designers; extensive discussion of approaches to these threats can be found in FEMA 426.
Risk Management Series Safe Rooms And Shelters Protecting People Agains Terrorist Attacks
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Author : Federal Emergency Agency
language : en
Publisher: FEMA
Release Date : 2013-01-26
Risk Management Series Safe Rooms And Shelters Protecting People Agains Terrorist Attacks written by Federal Emergency Agency and has been published by FEMA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-26 with categories.
This manual is intended to provide guidance for engineers, architects, building officials, and property owners to design shelters and safe rooms in buildings. It presents information about the design and construction of shelters in the work place, home, or community building that will provide protection in response to manmade hazards. The information contained herein will assist in the planning and design of shelters that may be constructed outside or within dwellings or public buildings. These safe rooms will protect occupants from a variety of hazards, including debris impact, accidental or intentional explosive detonation, and the accidental or intentional release of a toxic substance into the air. Safe rooms may also be designed to protect individuals from assaults and attempted kidnapping, which requires design features to resist forced entry and ballistic impact. This covers a range of protective options, from low-cost expedient protection (what is commonly referred to as sheltering-in-place) to safe rooms ventilated and pressurized with air purified by ultra-high-efficiency filters. These safe rooms protect against toxic gases, vapors, and aerosols. The contents of this manual supplement the information provided in FEMA 361, Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters and FEMA 320, Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House. In conjunction with FEMA 361 and FEMA 320, this publication can be used for the protection of shelters against natural disasters. This guidance focuses on safe rooms as standby systems, ones that do not provide protection on a continuous basis. To employ a standby system requires warning based on knowledge that a hazardous condition exists or is imminent. Protection is initiated as a result of warnings from civil authorities about a release of hazardous materials, visible or audible indications of a release (e.g., explosion or fire), the odor of a chemical agent, or observed symptoms of exposure in people. Although there are automatic detectors for chemical agents, such detectors are expensive and limited in the number of agents that can be reliably detected. Furthermore, at this point in time, these detectors take too long to identify the agent to be useful in making decisions in response to an attack. Similarly, an explosive vehicle or suicide bomber attack rarely provides advance warning; therefore, the shelter is most likely to be used after the fact to protect occupants until it is safe to evacuate the building. Two different types of shelters may be considered for emergency use, standalone shelters and internal shelters. A standalone shelter is a separate building (i.e., not within or attached to any other building) that is designed and constructed to withstand the range of natural and manmade hazards. An internal shelter is a specially designed and constructed room or area within or attached to a larger building that is structurally independent of the larger building and is able to withstand the range of natural and manmade hazards. Both standalone and internal shelters are intended to provide emergency refuge for occupants of commercial office buildings, school buildings, hospitals, apartment buildings, and private homes from the hazards resulting from a wide variety of extreme events. The shelters may be used during natural disasters following the warning that an explosive device may be activated, the discovery of an explosive device, or until safe evacuation is established following the detonation of an explosive device or the release of a toxic substance via an intentional aerosol attack or an industrial accident. Standalone community shelters may be constructed in neighborhoods where existing homes lack shelters. Community shelters may be intended for use by the occupants of buildings they are constructed within or near, or they may be intended for use by the residents of surrounding or nearby neighborhoods or designated areas.
Design Guide For Improving School Safety In Earthquakes Floods And High Winds
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Design Guide For Improving School Safety In Earthquakes Floods And High Winds written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Earthquake resistant design categories.
This manual is intended to provide guidance for the protection of school buildings and their occupants from natural disasters, and the economic losses and social disruption caused by building damage and destruction. This volume concentrates on grade schools, K-12. This publication covers earthquakes, floods, and high winds. Its intended audience is design professionals and school officials involved in the technical and financial decisions of school construction, repair, and renovations. This publication stresses that identification of hazards and their frequency and careful consideration of design against hazards must be integrated with all other design issues, and be present from the inception of the site selection and building design process. Chapters 1-3 present issues and background information that are common to all hazards. Chapters 4-6 cover the development of specific risk management measures for each of the three main natural hazards. Chapter 1 opens with a brief outline of the past, present, and future of school design. Chapter 2 introduces the concepts of performance-based design in order to obtain required performance from a new or retrofitted facility. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of multihazard design and presents a general description and comparison of the hazards, including charts that show where design against each hazard interacts with design for other hazards. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 outline the steps necessary in the creation of design to address risk management concerns for protection against earthquakes, floods, and high winds, respectively. A guide to the determination of acceptable risk and realistic performance objectives is followed by a discussion to establish the effectiveness of current codes to achieve acceptable performance. A list of acronyms used in the manual are appended. (Contains 13 tables and 124 figures.).