Principles Of Synthetic Intelligence
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Principles Of Synthetic Intelligence Psi An Architecture Of Motivated Cognition
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Author : Joscha Bach
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-04-06
Principles Of Synthetic Intelligence Psi An Architecture Of Motivated Cognition written by Joscha Bach and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-06 with Computers categories.
This title features chapters on machines to explain the mind Domer's 'blueprint for a mind', representation of and for mental processes, language and future avenues, from PSI to microPSI and much more.
Principles Of Synthetic Intelligence
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Author : Joscha Bach
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-04-06
Principles Of Synthetic Intelligence written by Joscha Bach and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-06 with Psychology categories.
From the Foreword: "In this book Joscha Bach introduces Dietrich Dörner's PSI architecture and Joscha's implementation of the MicroPSI architecture. These architectures and their implementation have several lessons for other architectures and models. Most notably, the PSI architecture includes drives and thus directly addresses questions of emotional behavior. An architecture including drives helps clarify how emotions could arise. It also changes the way that the architecture works on a fundamental level, providing an architecture more suited for behaving autonomously in a simulated world. PSI includes three types of drives, physiological (e.g., hunger), social (i.e., affiliation needs), and cognitive (i.e., reduction of uncertainty and expression of competency). These drives routinely influence goal formation and knowledge selection and application. The resulting architecture generates new kinds of behaviors, including context dependent memories, socially motivated behavior, and internally motivated task switching. This architecture illustrates how emotions and physical drives can be included in an embodied cognitive architecture. The PSI architecture, while including perceptual, motor, learning, and cognitive processing components, also includes several novel knowledge representations: temporal structures, spatial memories, and several new information processing mechanisms and behaviors, including progress through types of knowledge sources when problem solving (the Rasmussen ladder), and knowledge-based hierarchical active vision. These mechanisms and representations suggest ways for making other architectures more realistic, more accurate, and easier to use. The architecture is demonstrated in the Island simulated environment. While it may look like a simple game, it was carefully designed to allow multiple tasks to be pursued and provides ways to satisfy the multiple drives. It would be useful in its own right for developing other architectures interested in multi-tasking, long-term learning, social interaction, embodied architectures, and related aspects of behavior that arise in a complex but tractable real-time environment. The resulting models are not presented as validated cognitive models, but as theoretical explorations in the space of architectures for generating behavior. The sweep of the architecture can thus be larger-it presents a new cognitive architecture attempting to provide a unified theory of cognition. It attempts to cover perhaps the largest number of phenomena to date. This is not a typical cognitive modeling work, but one that I believe that we can learn much from." --Frank E. Ritter, Series Editor Although computational models of cognition have become very popular, these models are relatively limited in their coverage of cognition-- they usually only emphasize problem solving and reasoning, or treat perception and motivation as isolated modules. The first architecture to cover cognition more broadly is PSI theory, developed by Dietrich Dorner. By integrating motivation and emotion with perception and reasoning, and including grounded neuro-symbolic representations, PSI contributes significantly to an integrated understanding of the mind. It provides a conceptual framework that highlights the relationships between perception and memory, language and mental representation, reasoning and motivation, emotion and cognition, autonomy and social behavior. It is, however, unfortunate that PSI's origin in psychology, its methodology, and its lack of documentation have limited its impact. The proposed book adapts Psi theory to cognitive science and artificial intelligence, by elucidating both its theoretical and technical frameworks, and clarifying its contribution to how we have come to understand cognition.
Understanding Intelligence
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Author : Rolf Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-07-27
Understanding Intelligence written by Rolf Pfeifer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-27 with Computers categories.
The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.
How To Build A Brain
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Author : Chris Eliasmith
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-04-16
How To Build A Brain written by Chris Eliasmith and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-16 with Psychology categories.
How to Build a Brain provides a detailed exploration of a new cognitive architecture - the Semantic Pointer Architecture - that takes biological detail seriously, while addressing cognitive phenomena. Topics ranging from semantics and syntax, to neural coding and spike-timing-dependent plasticity are integrated to develop the world's largest functional brain model.
How The Body Shapes The Way We Think
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Author : Rolf Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2006-10-27
How The Body Shapes The Way We Think written by Rolf Pfeifer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-27 with Computers categories.
An exploration of embodied intelligence and its implications points toward a theory of intelligence in general; with case studies of intelligent systems in ubiquitous computing, business and management, human memory, and robotics. How could the body influence our thinking when it seems obvious that the brain controls the body? In How the Body Shapes the Way We Think, Rolf Pfeifer and Josh Bongard demonstrate that thought is not independent of the body but is tightly constrained, and at the same time enabled, by it. They argue that the kinds of thoughts we are capable of have their foundation in our embodiment—in our morphology and the material properties of our bodies. This crucial notion of embodiment underlies fundamental changes in the field of artificial intelligence over the past two decades, and Pfeifer and Bongard use the basic methodology of artificial intelligence—"understanding by building"—to describe their insights. If we understand how to design and build intelligent systems, they reason, we will better understand intelligence in general. In accessible, nontechnical language, and using many examples, they introduce the basic concepts by building on recent developments in robotics, biology, neuroscience, and psychology to outline a possible theory of intelligence. They illustrate applications of such a theory in ubiquitous computing, business and management, and the psychology of human memory. Embodied intelligence, as described by Pfeifer and Bongard, has important implications for our understanding of both natural and artificial intelligence.
Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry
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Author : Stéphane Caron
language : de
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-02-06
Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry written by Stéphane Caron and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-06 with Science categories.
Diese Publikation ist ein Praktikerbuch für Organiker. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Reaktionen, die am verlässlichsten und nützlichsten sind. Die Autoren der einzelnen Kapitel stellen Chemiker die Informationen zur Verfügung, die für die strategische Planung einer Synthese und Wiederholung der Verfahren im Labor notwendig sind. - Fasst alle wesentlichen Entwicklungen und Konzepte in einer Publikation zusammen und deckt die meisten der wichtigen Reaktionen in der organischen Chemie ab, u. a. Substitutions-, Additions-, Eliminierungsreaktionen, Umlagerung, Oxidation, Reduktion. - Behandelt die wichtigsten Reaktionen ausführlicher und zeigt die grundlegenden Prinzipien, Vor- und Nachteile der Methoden, Mechanismen und Techniken, um Reaktionen im Labor erfolgreich durchzuführen. - Mit neuen Inhalten zu den jüngsten Fortschritten in den Bereichen CH-Aktivierung, Photoredox-Katalyse und Elektrochemie, kontinuierliche chemische Prozesse und Anwendung der Biokatalyse in der Synthese. - Bietet überarbeitete Kapitel mit neuen und zusätzlichen chemischen Beispielen aus der Praxis.
Artificial Intelligence In Society
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-11
Artificial Intelligence In Society written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-11 with categories.
The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises.
Vehicles
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Author : Valentino Braitenberg
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1986-02-07
Vehicles written by Valentino Braitenberg and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-02-07 with Psychology categories.
These imaginative thought experiments are the inventions of one of the world's eminent brain researchers. These imaginative thought experiments are the inventions of one of the world's eminent brain researchers. They are "vehicles," a series of hypothetical, self-operating machines that exhibit increasingly intricate if not always successful or civilized "behavior." Each of the vehicles in the series incorporates the essential features of all the earlier models and along the way they come to embody aggression, love, logic, manifestations of foresight, concept formation, creative thinking, personality, and free will. In a section of extensive biological notes, Braitenberg locates many elements of his fantasy in current brain research.
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date :
written by and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Practical Simulations For Machine Learning
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Author : Paris Buttfield-Addison
language : en
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Release Date : 2022-06-07
Practical Simulations For Machine Learning written by Paris Buttfield-Addison and has been published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc." this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-07 with Computers categories.
Simulation and synthesis are core parts of the future of AI and machine learning. Consider: programmers, data scientists, and machine learning engineers can create the brain of a self-driving car without the car. Rather than use information from the real world, you can synthesize artificial data using simulations to train traditional machine learning models.That's just the beginning. With this practical book, you'll explore the possibilities of simulation- and synthesis-based machine learning and AI, concentrating on deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning techniques. AI and ML are increasingly data driven, and simulations are a powerful, engaging way to unlock their full potential. You'll learn how to: Design an approach for solving ML and AI problems using simulations with the Unity engine Use a game engine to synthesize images for use as training data Create simulation environments designed for training deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning models Use and apply efficient general-purpose algorithms for simulation-based ML, such as proximal policy optimization Train a variety of ML models using different approaches Enable ML tools to work with industry-standard game development tools, using PyTorch, and the Unity ML-Agents and Perception Toolkits