Probabilities Laws And Structures
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Probabilities Laws And Structures
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Author : Dennis Dieks
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-02
Probabilities Laws And Structures written by Dennis Dieks and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-02 with Science categories.
This volume, the third in this Springer series, contains selected papers from the four workshops organized by the ESF Research Networking Programme "The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective" (PSE) in 2010: Pluralism in the Foundations of Statistics Points of Contact between the Philosophy of Physics and the Philosophy of Biology The Debate on Mathematical Modeling in the Social Sciences Historical Debates about Logic, Probability and Statistics The volume is accordingly divided in four sections, each of them containing papers coming from the workshop focussing on one of these themes. While the programme's core topic for the year 2010 was probability and statistics, the organizers of the workshops embraced the opportunity of building bridges to more or less closely connected issues in general philosophy of science, philosophy of physics and philosophy of the special sciences. However, papers that analyze the concept of probability for various philosophical purposes are clearly a major theme in this volume, as it was in the previous volumes of the same series. This reflects the impressive productivity of probabilistic approaches in the philosophy of science, which form an important part of what has become known as formal epistemology - although, of course, there are non-probabilistic approaches in formal epistemology as well. It is probably fair to say that Europe has been particularly strong in this area of philosophy in recent years.
Probability On Algebraic Structures
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Author : Gregory Budzban
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2000
Probability On Algebraic Structures written by Gregory Budzban and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Mathematics categories.
This volume presents results from an AMS Special Session held on the topic in Gainesville (FL). Papers included are written by an international group of well-known specialists who offer an important cross-section of current work in the field. In addition there are two expository papers that provide an avenue for non-specialists to comprehend problems in this area. The breadth of research in this area is evident by the variety of articles presented in the volume. Results concern probability on Lie groups and general locally compact groups. Generalizations of groups appear as hypergroups, abstract semigroups, and semigroups of matrices. Work on symmetric cones is included. Lastly, there are a number of articles on the current progress in constructing stochastic processes on quantum groups.
Probabilistic Methods In Structural Engineering
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Author : Guiliano Augusti
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1984-07-19
Probabilistic Methods In Structural Engineering written by Guiliano Augusti and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-07-19 with Architecture categories.
This book presents the most important applications of probablistic and statistical approaches and procedures to structural engineering.
The Place Of Probability In Science
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Author : Ellery Eells
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-06-08
The Place Of Probability In Science written by Ellery Eells and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-08 with Science categories.
Science aims at the discovery of general principles of special kinds that are applicable for the explanation and prediction of the phenomena of the world in the form of theories and laws. When the phenomena themselves happen to be general, the principlesinvolved assume the form of theories; and when they are p- ticular, they assume the form of general laws. Theories themselves are sets of laws and de nitions that apply to a common domain, which makes laws indispensable to science. Understanding science thus depends upon understanding the nature of theories and laws, the logical structure of explanations and predictions based upon them, and the principles of inference and decision that apply to theories and laws. Laws and theories can differ in their form as well as in their content. The laws of quantum mechanics are indeterministic (or probabilistic), for example, while those of classical mechanics are deterministic (or universal) instead. The history of science re ects an increasing role for probabilities as properties of the world but also as measures of evidential support and as degrees of subjective belief. Our purpose is to clarify and illuminate the place of probability in science.
Logic And Random Structures
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Author : Ravi Bopu Boppana
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Logic And Random Structures written by Ravi Bopu Boppana and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Computers categories.
This volume contains selected papers from the DIMACS Workshop on Logic an Random Structures held in November 1995. The workshop was a major event of the DIMACS Special Year on Logic and Algorithms. The central theme was the relationship between logic and probabilistic techniques in the study of finite structures. In the last several years, this subject has developed into a very active area of mathematical logic with important connections to computer science. The DIMACS workshop was the first of its kind devoted to logic and random structures. Recent work of leaders in the field is contained in the volume, as well as new theoretical developments and applications to computer science.
Quantum Structures In Cognitive And Social Science
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Author : Diederik Aerts
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-06-26
Quantum Structures In Cognitive And Social Science written by Diederik Aerts and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-26 with Psychology categories.
Traditional approaches to cognitive psychology correspond with a classical view of logic and probability theory. More specifically, one typically assumes that cognitive processes of human thought are founded on the Boolean structures of classical logic, while the probabilistic aspects of these processes are based on the Kolmogorovian structures of classical probability theory. However, growing experimental evidence indicates that the models founded on classical structures systematically fail when human decisions are at stake. These experimental deviations from classical behavior have been called `paradoxes’, `fallacies’, `effects’ or `contradictions’, depending on the specific situation where they appear. But, they involve a broad spectrum of cognitive and social science domains, ranging from conceptual combination to decision making under uncertainty, behavioral economics, and linguistics. This situation has constituted a serious drawback to the development of various disciplines, like cognitive science, linguistics, artificial intelligence, economic modeling and behavioral finance. A different approach to cognitive psychology, initiated two decades ago, has meanwhile matured into a new domain of research, called ‘quantum cognition’. Its main feature is the use of the mathematical formalism of quantum theory as modeling tool for these cognitive situations where traditional classically based approaches fail. Quantum cognition has recently attracted the interest of important journals and editing houses, academic and funding institutions, popular science and media. Specifically, within a quantum cognition approach, one assumes that human decisions do not necessarily obey the rules of Boolean logic and Kolmogorovian probability, and can on the contrary be modeled by the quantum-mechanical formalism. Different concrete quantum-theoretic models have meanwhile been developed that successfully represent the cognitive situations that are classically problematical, by explaining observed deviations from classicality in terms of genuine quantum effects, such as `contextuality’, `emergence’, `interference’, `superposition’, `entanglement’ and `indistinguishability’. In addition, the validity of these quantum models is convincingly confirmed by new experimental tests. We also stress that, since the use of a quantum-theoretic framework is mainly for modeling purposes, the identification of quantum structures in cognitive processes does not presuppose (without being incompatible with it) the existence of microscopic quantum processes in the human brain. In this Research Topic, we review the major achievements that have been obtained in quantum cognition, by providing an accurate picture of the state-of-the-art of this emerging discipline. Our overview does not pretend to be either complete or exhaustive. But, we aim to introduce psychologists and social scientists to this challenging new research area, encouraging them, at the same time, to consider its promising results. It is our opinion that, if continuous progress in this domain can be realized, quantum cognition can constitute an important breakthrough in cognitive psychology, and potentially open the way towards a new scientific paradigm in social science.
Truth Possibility And Probability
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Author : R. Chuaqui
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1991-06-20
Truth Possibility And Probability written by R. Chuaqui and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-06-20 with Mathematics categories.
Anyone involved in the philosophy of science is naturally drawn into the study of the foundations of probability. Different interpretations of probability, based on competing philosophical ideas, lead to different statistical techniques, and frequently to mutually contradictory consequences.This unique book presents a new interpretation of probability, rooted in the traditional interpretation that was current in the 17th and 18th centuries. Mathematical models are constructed based on this interpretation, and statistical inference and decision theory are applied, including some examples in artificial intelligence, solving the main foundational problems. Nonstandard analysis is extensively developed for the construction of the models and in some of the proofs. Many nonstandard theorems are proved, some of them new, in particular, a representation theorem that asserts that any stochastic process can be approximated by a process defined over a space with equiprobable outcomes.
Mathematical Foundations Of Computer Science 1998
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Author : Lubos Brim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1998-08-12
Mathematical Foundations Of Computer Science 1998 written by Lubos Brim and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-12 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on the Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS'98, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in August 1998. The 71 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 168 submissions. Also included are 11 full invited surveys by prominent leaders in the area. The papers are organized in topical sections on problem complexity; logic, semantics, and automata; rewriting; automata and transducers; typing; concurrency, semantics, and logic; circuit complexity; programming; structural complexity; formal languages; graphs; Turing complexity and logic; binary decision diagrams, etc..
Applications Of Statistics And Probability In Civil Engineering
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Author : Michael Faber
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-07-15
Applications Of Statistics And Probability In Civil Engineering written by Michael Faber and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Under the pressure of harsh environmental conditions and natural hazards, large parts of the world population are struggling to maintain their livelihoods. Population growth, increasing land utilization and shrinking natural resources have led to an increasing demand of improved efficiency of existing technologies and the development of new ones. A
Geometric Structures Of Statistical Physics Information Geometry And Learning
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Author : Frédéric Barbaresco
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-27
Geometric Structures Of Statistical Physics Information Geometry And Learning written by Frédéric Barbaresco and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-27 with Mathematics categories.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence increasingly use methodological tools rooted in statistical physics. Conversely, limitations and pitfalls encountered in AI question the very foundations of statistical physics. This interplay between AI and statistical physics has been attested since the birth of AI, and principles underpinning statistical physics can shed new light on the conceptual basis of AI. During the last fifty years, statistical physics has been investigated through new geometric structures allowing covariant formalization of the thermodynamics. Inference methods in machine learning have begun to adapt these new geometric structures to process data in more abstract representation spaces. This volume collects selected contributions on the interplay of statistical physics and artificial intelligence. The aim is to provide a constructive dialogue around a common foundation to allow the establishment of new principles and laws governing these two disciplines in a unified manner. The contributions were presented at the workshop on the Joint Structures and Common Foundation of Statistical Physics, Information Geometry and Inference for Learning which was held in Les Houches in July 2020. The various theoretical approaches are discussed in the context of potential applications in cognitive systems, machine learning, signal processing.