Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Adolescent Offenders
DOWNLOAD
Download Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Adolescent Offenders PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Adolescent Offenders book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Adolescent Offenders
DOWNLOAD
Author : Erika Kathleen Penner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Adolescent Offenders written by Erika Kathleen Penner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Criminal behavior, Prediction of categories.
Procedural justice is defined as the fairness of the process and procedures used to make legal decisions. Theories of procedural justice suggest that when individuals experience respectful and fair decision-making procedures, they are more likely to view the law as legitimate and, in turn, are less likely to reoffend. However, when individuals come into contact with the legal system, they are not blank slates. They possess beliefs, personalities, and characteristics that may systematically influence their assessment of procedural justice and legitimacy. To date, little attention has been paid to the impact of these intra-individual differences on perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy. Moreover, studies validating models of procedural justice have largely relied on samples of adults. Few studies have examined the relationship between procedural justice, legitimacy, and offending in youth, and none have examined whether procedural justice continues to predict offending when other, well-established risk factors for offending are controlled. The current study followed a sample of 92 male and female youth on probation in British Columbia, Canada, for 6 months. Results indicated that youth who had higher scores on the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2) Drug/Alcohol Use and Traumatic Experiences scales experienced the justice system as less fair and legitimate. Youth who scored higher on the Interpersonal, Lifestyle, and Antisocial subscales of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL-YV) reported believing less strongly in the legitimacy of the law. Perceptions of procedural justice predicted self-reported offending at 3 months, but not 6 months, and youths' beliefs about the legitimacy of the law did not mediate the relationship between procedural justice and offending. Results also showed that procedural justice accounted for unique variance in self-reported offending over and above the predictive power of well-established risk factors for offending (i.e., peer delinquency, substance abuse, psychopathy, and age at first contact with the law). Directions for future research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Procedural Justice And Legal Socialization Among Serious Adolescent Offenders
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kimberly A. Kaiser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Procedural Justice And Legal Socialization Among Serious Adolescent Offenders written by Kimberly A. Kaiser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Compliance categories.
Research on Tylers process-based model has found strong empirical support. The premise of this model is that legitimacy and legal cynicism mediate the relationship between procedural justice and compliance behaviors. Procedural justice and legitimacy in particular have been linked to compliance and cooperation and a small, but growing body of literature has examined how these factors relate to criminal offending. There remains a number of unanswered questions surrounding the developmental processes and underlying mechanisms of procedural justice and legal socialization. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, this study will build upon recent trends in the literature to examine what factors influence changes in perceptions of procedural justice and legal socialization attitudes over time. In order to do so, the effects of a number of time-stable and time-varying covariates will be assessed. Second, this study will evaluate the effects of four possible mediating measures-legitimacy, legal cynicism, anger, and prosocial motivation-underlying the relationship between procedural justice and criminal offending. This section of the study will use a multilevel mediation method to assess whether mediation occurs between or within the individual. Data from the Pathways to Desistance Study-a longitudinal study of 1,354 adolescents adjudicated of a serious offense followed-up for seven years-are used to address this research agenda. Results from this study offer three general conclusions. First, results show that perceptions of procedural justice are malleable, that is, they can change over time and are influenced by a number of factors. Legal socialization beliefs, however, demonstrate only marginal change over time, suggesting these beliefs to be more stable. Second, analyses indicate differing pathways and effects for direct and vicarious experiences of procedural justice. Finally, the multilevel mediation analyses reveal that within-individual changes in direct experiences of procedural justice remains a robust predictor of offending, regardless of the presence of mediating variables. Legitimacy was found to have the strongest mediation effect on between-individual differences in direct procedural justice, whereas anger partially mediated the effects of between-individual differences in vicarious procedural justice. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and avenues for future research.
Restorative Justice In Context
DOWNLOAD
Author : Elmar G. M. Weitekamp
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Restorative Justice In Context written by Elmar G. M. Weitekamp and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Law categories.
This book brings together a selection of papers originally presented and discussed at the fourth international restorative justice conference, held at the University of Tübingen. The contributors include many of the leading authorities in the burgeoning field of restorative justice, and they provide a comprehensive review of developing international practice and directions, and the context in which restorative justice practices are developing. Restorative Justice in Context moves beyond a focus on restorative justice for juveniles to a broader concern with the application of restorative justice in such areas as corporate crime, family violence and the application of restorative justice in cases of extreme violent crimes. The contexts examined are drawn from Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan. leading world authorities analyse international case studies reflecting the growth of restorative justice worldwiderapidly expanding area of interest
Closing The Macro Micro Link
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rebecca Ann Bucci
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Closing The Macro Micro Link written by Rebecca Ann Bucci and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The effect of punishment and punishment threats on offending and collateral outcomes is less straightforward than one may believe. Furthermore, these effects for adolescents who are at the peak of criminal involvement are largely unknown. In this dissertation, I examine the effect of a hot spots policing intervention, known as Operation Safe Streets, on perceptions of arrest risk, offending behavior, perceptions of police and the law, disorder, and rewards to crime. By exploiting the timing of Safe Streets, which began during ongoing data collection of the Pathways to Desistance Study, a sample of previously adjudicated adolescent offenders aged 14-17, I am able to estimate the effect of this intervention on these outcomes. Results suggest that Safe Streets did significantly increase perceptions of arrest risk for these adolescents. Safe Streets had some effect on offending, primarily by reducing individuals' frequency of offending but had little impact on the likelihood of engaging in crime. Finally, Safe Streets did not impact perceptions of procedural justice, police legitimacy or legal cynicism, nor did it have a large impact on the perceived rewards to crime. However, Safe Streets may have resulted in the spatial spillover of neighborhood disorder. My findings suggest that Safe Streets was effective at increasing adolescents' perceptions of the likelihood of arrest, but suggest these effects did not translate into large reductions in offending as was hypothesized. This finding, coupled with the lack of beneficial effects on perceptions of police and neighborhood disorder, suggest that hot spots policing interventions like Safe Streets should be utilized as just one aspect of crime-reductions strategies and interventions aimed to improve police-community relations.
Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Policing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lorraine Mazerolle
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-08
Procedural Justice And Legitimacy In Policing written by Lorraine Mazerolle and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with Social Science categories.
This brief focuses on the “doing” of procedural justice: what the police can do to implement the principles of procedural justice, and how their actions can improve citizen perceptions of police legitimacy. Drawing on research from Australia (Mazerolle et al), the UK (Stanko, Bradford, Jackson etc al), the US (Tyler, Reisig, Weisburd), Israel (Jonathon-Zamir et al), Trinidad & Tobago (Kochel et al) and Ghana (Tankebe), the authors examine the practical ways that the police can approach engagement with citizens across a range of different types of interventions to embrace the principles of procedural justice, including: · problem-oriented policing · patrol · restorative justice · reassurance policing · and community policing. Through these examples, the authors also examine some of the barriers for implementing procedurally just ways of interacting with citizens, and offer practical suggestions for reform. This work will be of interest for researchers in criminology and criminal justice focused on policing as well as policymakers.
Youth Justice In Context
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mairéad Seymour
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Youth Justice In Context written by Mairéad Seymour and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Law categories.
This book offers a fresh way of considering compliance in the youth justice system, drawing on examples from youth justice systems around the world and considering the social context of community-based disposals for young offenders.
Juveniles At Risk
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christopher Slobogin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-01
Juveniles At Risk written by Christopher Slobogin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-01 with Psychology categories.
In this book, Slobogin and Fondacaro present their vision for a new juvenile justice system, founded on the evidence at hand and promoting the principles of rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The authors develop their juvenile justice policy proposals effectively by carefully addressing the problems with past policy approches and recent theoretical contributions.
Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation
DOWNLOAD
Author : Francis T. Cullen
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-07-17
Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation written by Francis T. Cullen and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-17 with Social Science categories.
A theme that has persisted throughout the history of American corrections is that efforts should be made to reform offenders. In particular, at the beginning of the 1900s, the rehabilitative ideal was enthusiastically trumpeted and helped to direct the renovation of the correctional system (e.g., implementation of indeterminate sentencing, parole, probation, a separate juvenile justice system). For the next seven decades, offender treatment reigned as the dominant correctional philosophy. Then, in the early 1970s, rehabilitation suffered a precipitous reversal of fortune. The larger disruptions in American society in this era prompted a general critique of the “state run” criminal justice system. Rehabilitation was blamed by liberals for allowing the state to act coercively against offenders, and was blamed by conservatives for allowing the state to act leniently toward offenders. In this context, the death knell of rehabilitation was seemingly sounded by Robert Martinson's (1974b) influential “nothing works” essay, which reported that few treatment programs reduced recidivism. This review of evaluation studies gave legitimacy to the antitreatment sentiments of the day; it ostensibly “proved” what everyone “already knew”: Rehabilitation did not work. In the subsequent quarter century, a growing revisionist movement has questioned Martinson's portrayal of the empirical status of the effectiveness of treatment interventions. Through painstaking literature reviews, these revisionist scholars have shown that many correctional treatment programs are effective in decreasing recidivism. More recently, they have undertaken more sophisticated quantitative syntheses of an increasing body of evaluation studies through a technique called “meta-analysis.” These meta-analyses reveal that across evaluation studies, the recidivism rate is, on average, 10 percentage points lower for the treatment group than for the control group. However, this research has also suggested that some correctional interventions have no effect on offender criminality (e.g., punishment-oriented programs), while others achieve substantial reductions in recidivism (i.e., approximately 25 percent). This variation in program success has led to a search for those “principles” that distinguish effective treatment interventions from ineffective ones. There is theoretical and empirical support for the conclusion that the rehabilitation programs that achieve the greatest reductions in recidivism use cognitive-behavioral treatments, target known predictors of crime for change, and intervene mainly with high-risk offenders. “Multisystemic treatment” is a concrete example of an effective program that largely conforms to these principles. In the time ahead, it would appear prudent that correctional policy and practice be “evidence based.” Knowledgeable about the extant research, policymakers would embrace the view that rehabilitation programs, informed by the principles of effective intervention, can “work” to reduce recidivism and thus can help foster public safety. By reaffirming rehabilitation, they would also be pursuing a policy that is consistent with public opinion research showing that Americans continue to believe that offender treatment should be an integral goal of the correctional system.
The Oxford Handbook Of Police And Policing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Michael D. Reisig
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014-03-31
The Oxford Handbook Of Police And Policing written by Michael D. Reisig and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-31 with Social Science categories.
The police are perhaps the most visible representation of government. They are charged with what has been characterized as an "impossible" mandate -- control and prevent crime, keep the peace, provide public services -- and do so within the constraints of democratic principles. The police are trusted to use deadly force when it is called for and are allowed access to our homes in cases of emergency. In fact, police departments are one of the few government agencies that can be mobilized by a simple phone call, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. They are ubiquitous within our society, but their actions are often not well understood. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing brings together research on the development and operation of policing in the United States and elsewhere. Accomplished policing researchers Michael D. Reisig and Robert J. Kane have assembled a cast of renowned scholars to provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the institution of policing. The different sections of the Handbook explore policing contexts, strategies, authority, and issues relating to race and ethnicity. The Handbook also includes reviews of the research methodologies used by policing scholars and considerations of the factors that will ultimately shape the future of policing, thus providing persuasive insights into why and how policing has developed, what it is today, and what to expect in the future. Aimed at a wide audience of scholars and students in criminology and criminal justice, as well as police professionals, the Handbook serves as the definitive resource for information on this important institution.
Why Children Follow Rules
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tom R. Tyler
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Why Children Follow Rules written by Tom R. Tyler and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
Legal socialization is the process by which children and adolescents acquire their law related values, attitudes, and reasoning capacities. Such values and attitudes, in particular legitimacy, underlie the ability and willingness to consent to laws and defer to legal authorities that make legitimacy based legal systems possible. By age eighteen a person's orientation toward law is largely established, yet legal scholarship has largely ignored this process in favor of studying adults and their relationship to the law. Why Children Follow Rules focuses upon legal socialization outlining what is known about the process across three related, but distinct, contexts: the family, the school, and the juvenile justice system. Throughout, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner emphasize the degree to which individuals develop their orientations toward law and legal authority upon values connected to responsibility and obligation as opposed to fear of punishment. They argue that authorities can act in ways that internalize legal values and promote supportive attitudes. In particular, consensual legal authority is linked to three issues: how authorities make decisions, how they treat people, and whether they recognize the boundaries of their authority. When individuals experience authority that is fair, respectful, and aware of the limits of power, they are more likely to consent and follow directives. Despite clear evidence showing the benefits of consensual authority, strong pressures and popular support for the exercise of authority based on dominance and force persist in America's families, schools, and within the juvenile justice system. As the currently low levels of public trust and confidence in the police, the courts, and the law undermine the effectiveness of our legal system, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner point to alternative way to foster the popular legitimacy of the law in an era of mistrust.