Processing Inaccurate Information
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Processing Inaccurate Information
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Author : David N. Rapp
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2023-04-04
Processing Inaccurate Information written by David N. Rapp and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-04 with Psychology categories.
Interdisciplinary approaches to identifying, understanding, and remediating people's reliance on inaccurate information that they should know to be wrong. Our lives revolve around the acquisition of information. Sometimes the information we acquire—from other people, from books, or from the media—is wrong. Studies show that people rely on such misinformation, sometimes even when they are aware that the information is inaccurate or invalid. And yet investigations of learning and knowledge acquisition largely ignore encounters with this sort of problematic material. This volume fills the gap, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the processing of misinformation and its consequences. The contributors, from cognitive science and education science, provide analyses that represent a variety of methodologies, theoretical orientations, and fields of expertise. The chapters describe the behavioral consequences of relying on misinformation and outline possible remediations; discuss the cognitive activities that underlie encounters with inaccuracies, investigating why reliance occurs so readily; present theoretical and philosophical considerations of the nature of inaccuracies; and offer formal, empirically driven frameworks that detail when and how inaccuracies will lead to comprehension difficulties. Contributors Peter Afflerbach, Patricia A. Alexander, Jessica J. Andrews, Peter Baggetta, Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Bråten, M. Anne Britt, Rainer Bromme, Luke A. Buckland, Clark A. Chinn, Byeong-Young Cho, Sidney K. D'Mello, Andrea A. diSessa, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Arthur C. Graesser, Douglas J. Hacker, Brenda Hannon, Xiangen Hu, Maj-Britt Isberner, Koto Ishiwa, Matthew E. Jacovina, Panayiota Kendeou, Jong-Yun Kim, Stephan Lewandowsky, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Ruth Mayo, Keith K. Millis, Edward J. O'Brien, Herre van Oostendorp, José Otero, David N. Rapp, Tobias Richter, Ronald W. Rinehart, Yaacov Schul, Colleen M. Seifert, Marc Stadtler, Brent Steffens, Helge I. Strømsø, Briony Swire, Sharda Umanath
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information
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Author : Rolf A. Müller
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information written by Rolf A. Müller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
Negation Affects Processing Of Correct And Incorrect Information A Visual World Paradigm For Misinformation
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Author : Jeffrey M. Viaud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Negation Affects Processing Of Correct And Incorrect Information A Visual World Paradigm For Misinformation written by Jeffrey M. Viaud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The current study investigated how language changes the meaning of facts. Much is known about the acquiring of misconceptions, but little is known about how subtle changes in language affect the retrieval of accurate facts and misconceptions. Participants read vignettes and were exposed to four different kinds of texts that varied by affirmative or negated and whether the fact was true or false. After participants read several of these facts, their eye movements were tracked in a visual world paradigm with 4 written plausible answers on the screen in each corner to choose from. Fixations to each kind of response were recorded and presence of misinformation was found to temper the processing of misconceptions and led to an observed suppression of inaccurate information. Mechanisms of processing true and false concepts and the interplay between language and conceptual formation are discussed.
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information A Way To Improve Reliability
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Author : Rolf A. Müller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Forecasting By Processing Inaccurate Information A Way To Improve Reliability written by Rolf A. Müller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
Taming Uncertainty
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Author : Ralph Hertwig
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-08-13
Taming Uncertainty written by Ralph Hertwig and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-13 with Psychology categories.
An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure? Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty. Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do. Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty. They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others. This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change. They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality—that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments. Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.
Asymmetries In The Processing Of True And False Information
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Author : Jason Paul Mitchell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Asymmetries In The Processing Of True And False Information written by Jason Paul Mitchell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Alzheimer's disease categories.
Movement Matters
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Author : Sheila L. Macrine
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-04-19
Movement Matters written by Sheila L. Macrine and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-19 with Education categories.
Experts translate the latest findings on embodied cognition from neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science to inform teaching and learning pedagogy. Embodied cognition represents a radical shift in conceptualizing cognitive processes, in which cognition develops through mind-body environmental interaction. If this supposition is correct, then the conventional style of instruction—in which students sit at desks, passively receiving information—needs rethinking. Movement Matters considers the educational implications of an embodied account of cognition, describing the latest research applications from neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science and demonstrating their relevance for teaching and learning pedagogy. The contributors cover a range of content areas, explaining how the principles of embodied cognition can be applied in classroom settings. After a discussion of the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of embodied cognition, contributors describe its applications in language, including the areas of handwriting, vocabulary, language development, and reading comprehension; STEM areas, emphasizing finger counting and the importance of hand and body gestures in understanding physical forces; and digital learning technologies, including games and augmented reality. Finally, they explore embodied learning in the social-emotional realm, including how emotional granularity, empathy, and mindfulness benefit classroom learning. Movement Matters introduces a new model, translational learning sciences research, for interpreting and disseminating the latest empirical findings in the burgeoning field of embodied cognition. The book provides an up-to-date, inclusive, and essential resource for those involved in educational planning, design, and pedagogical approaches. Contributors Dor Abrahamson, Martha W. Alibali, Petra A. Arndt, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh, Jo Boaler, Christiana Butera, Rachel S. Y. Chen,Charles P. Davis, Andrea Marquardt Donovan, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Virginia J. Flood, Jennifer M. B. Fugate, Arthur M. Glenberg, Ligia E. Gómez, Daniel D. Hutto, Karin H. James, Mina C. Johnson-Glenberg, Michael P. Kaschak, Markus Kiefer, Christina Krause, Sheila L. Macrine, Anne Mangen, Carmen Mayer, Amanda L. McGraw, Colleen Megowan-Romanowicz, Mitchell J. Nathan, Antti Pirhonen, Kelsey E. Schenck, Lawrence Shapiro, Anna Shvarts, Yue-Ting Siu,Sofia Tancredi, Chrystian Vieyra, Rebecca Vieyra, Candace Walkington, Christine Wilson-Mendenhall, Eiling Yee
Efficient Cognition
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Author : Armin W. Schulz
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-11-01
Efficient Cognition written by Armin W. Schulz and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-01 with Psychology categories.
An argument that representational decision making is more cognitively efficient, allowing an organism to adjust more easily to changes in the environment. Many organisms (including humans) make decisions by relying on mental representations. Not simply a reaction triggered by perception, representational decision making employs high-level, non-perceptual mental states with content to manage interactions with the environment. A person making a decision based on mental representations, for example, takes a step back from her perceptions at the time to assess the nature of the world she lives in. But why would organisms rely on representational decision making, and what evolutionary benefits does this reliance provide to the decision maker? In Efficient Cognition, Armin Schulz argues that representational decision making can be more cognitively efficient than non-representational decision making. Specifically, he shows that a key driver in the evolution of representational decision making is that mental representations can enable an organism to save cognitive resources and adjust more efficiently to changed environments. After laying out the foundations of his argument—clarifying the central questions, the characterization of representational decision making, and the relevance of an evidential form of evolutionary psychology—Schulz presents his account of the evolution of representational decision making and critically considers some of the existing accounts of the subject. He then applies his account to three open questions concerning the nature of representational decision making: the extendedness of decision making, and when we should expect cognition to extend into the environment; the specialization of decision making and the use of simple heuristics; and the psychological sources of altruistic behaviors.
Mind In Everyday Life And Cognitive Science
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Author : Sunny Y. Auyang
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-03-15
Mind In Everyday Life And Cognitive Science written by Sunny Y. Auyang and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-15 with Psychology categories.
Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers. Although cognitive science has obtained abundant data on neural and computational processes, it barely explains such ordinary experiences as recognizing faces, feeling pain, or remembering the past. In this book Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers. Her model consists of three parts: (1) the open mind of our conscious life; (2) mind's infrastructure, the unconscious processes studied by cognitive science; and (3) emergence, the relation between the open mind and its infrastructure. At the heart of Auyang's model is the mind that opens to the world and makes it intelligible. A person with an open mind feels, thinks, recognizes, believes, doubts, anticipates, fears, speaks, and listens, and is aware of I, together with it and thou. Cognitive scientists refer to the "binding problem," the question of how myriad unconscious processes combine into the unity of consciousness. Auyang approaches the problem from the other end—by starting with everyday experience rather than with the mental infrastructure. In so doing, she shows both how analyses of experiences can help to advance cognitive science and how cognitive science can help us to understand ourselves as autonomous subjects.