Profiles In Cognitive Aging
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Profiles In Cognitive Aging
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Author : Douglas H. Powell
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1994
Profiles In Cognitive Aging written by Douglas H. Powell and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Family & Relationships categories.
After the age of 40, we may notice occasional lapses--a forgotten phone number, a friend's name, or a word that was right on the tip of our tongue. By 60, we may find ourselves wondering who called this morning, why we came into the kitchen, where we parked the car. In an aging nation, where one citizen in seven will be 65 when the next century arrives, these little difficulties raise a larger question: What precisely happens to our thinking as we grow older? What is normal, what is not, and how are we to know the signs? Douglas Powell offers a comprehensive account of cognitive aging, of how our mental functions change as we mature. Defining patterns of normal decline, as well as severe forms of cognitive impairment, this book will help us understand and address the needs of an aging population. Powell integrates the latest literature on aging with the findings of his recent study of 1,000 physicians and 600 other subjects ranging in age from 25 to 92. His work reveals patterns of cognitive aging throughout the life cycle, particularly the way in which variability among individuals outpaces the decline of overall ability. Tackling an issue of growing interest in the field of gerontology, he notes the effect of certain factors such as gender, diet, health, and physical and mental exercise on changes in cognitive functioning over time. Along with the criteria for mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging, this book addresses the question of optimal cognitive aging, identifying its characteristics and searching out their implications for the maintenance of intellectual abilities in the post-retirement years.
Functional Activity Features In Successful Cognitive Aging
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Author : Chen, Xi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Functional Activity Features In Successful Cognitive Aging written by Chen, Xi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Brain categories.
Cognitive aging research has traditionally studied the inevitable cognitive decline in older adults as a group. Recently, more research has recognized the importance of understanding the individual variability in cognitive aging trajectories. Some individuals show superior performance and better preservation of cognition relative to others at their age, termed “prime” agers in the present dissertation. By contrast, some individuals may exhibit substantial cognitive deficits and greater decline representing a suboptimal cognitive aging profile, termed “nonprime” individuals. Many neuroimaging research efforts have been made to explore the neural mechanisms associated with these individual differences. Two possible patterns of functional activity, youth-like activation and compensatory recruitment, have been proposed to be particularly related to individual variability in cognitive changes. However, there is still a lack of consensus on what brain activity patterns may represent optimal aging in prime individuals. The present dissertation investigated this question in two studies. Because one major source of difficulty in this topic is the challenge in identifying prime agers, Study 1 implemented an exploratory data-driven approach to classify participants based on their cognitive performance and longitudinal cognitive change across multiple cognitive domains. Using two waves of longitudinal cognitive data (with a four-year interval) in episodic memory, inductive reasoning, working memory, processing speed from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study, Study 1 in Chapter 2 examined the cognitive aging profiles in middle-aged, young-old and very old participants, and successfully identified two distinct cognitive aging profiles among participants, representing prime and nonprime individuals. Study 2 in Chapter 3 then utilized this classification of subgroups and compared their patterns of functional activity using a subsequent memory fMRI task collected at the second wave of DLBS. The analyses revealed several functional activity pattern differences between prime and nonprime individuals. First, prime individuals showed greater subsequent memory effect than nonprime individuals across core task-related regions associated with successful encoding. In addition, the higher subsequent memory effect in prime individuals, compared to nonprime individuals, was most evident in the young-old group, because prime agers exhibited better preservation of higher effect comparable to in younger adults, until very old age. In contrast, nonprime agers showed reduced subsequent memory effect starting in young-old age. Finally, prime young-old adults also recruited additional frontal regions, including left superior frontal and right orbitofrontal cortex, compared to young adults. This additional recruitment showed a trend of relationship to better memory performance, possibly suggesting a compensatory nature of this activation. In conclusion, the present dissertation demonstrated the use of a data-driven, multivariate approach and successfully identified prime and nonprime agers with distinct cognitive aging profiles. Comparison of their patterns of functional brain activity revealed that prime agers show a preservation of higher activation until very late in the lifespan and additional frontal recruitment in young-old age.
Perspectives On Human Memory And Cognitive Aging
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Author : Moshe Naveh-Benjamin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-04-15
Perspectives On Human Memory And Cognitive Aging written by Moshe Naveh-Benjamin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Psychology categories.
Divided into four parts, the first section of this book deals with levels of processing and memory theory, the second addresses working memory and attention, the third deals with cognitive aging, and the last addresses neuroscience perspectives.
Cognitive Aging
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-07-21
Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-21 with Medical categories.
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Encyclopedia Of Applied Psychology
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Author : Charles Spielberger
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2004-09-02
Encyclopedia Of Applied Psychology written by Charles Spielberger and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Encompasses topics including aging (geropsychology), assessment, clinical, cognitive, community, counseling, educational, environmental, family, industrial/organizational, health, school, sports, and transportation psychology. Each entry provides a clear definition, a brief review of the theoretical basis, and emphasizes major areas of application.
Cognitive And Brain Aging Interventions To Promote Well Being In Old Age Roadmap For Interventions Preventing Cognitive Aging
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Author : Pamela M. Greenwood
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-03
Cognitive And Brain Aging Interventions To Promote Well Being In Old Age Roadmap For Interventions Preventing Cognitive Aging written by Pamela M. Greenwood and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-03 with categories.
Cognitive Aging
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Author : Denise Park
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cognitive Aging written by Denise Park and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
The Aging Intellect
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Author : Douglas H. Powell
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2011-06-21
The Aging Intellect written by Douglas H. Powell and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-21 with Psychology categories.
Habits such as regular exercise are well known to be linked to better health in older adults. Far less is understood about behaviors that contribute to the optimally aging mind. This may be a reason why only about 25% of elders meet the standards for optimal cognitive aging. The Aging Intellect describes more than a dozen specific characteristics that distinguish older people who remain cognitively vigorous from the majority who are aging normally or are at risk for cognitive impairment. In addition, this book provides professionals with evidence-based recommendations that can help their aging patients and clients minimize the effects of predictable cognitive changes and more fully use their mental abilities. The Aging Intellect is also written for people of all ages interested in maximizing their cognitive vigor. Dr. Powell has encouraging words for those who know they are not aging optimally, but are willing to modify one or two habits that can improve their mental powers. Richly illustrated with clinical examples and case studies, The Aging Intellect includes topics rarely discussed in book form. specifies lifestyle habits and attitudes linked to three levels of cognitive aging: optimal, normal, and at risk for cognitive impairment describes evidence based strategies that minimize mental decline warns of normal cognitive changes that increase the chances of elders making poor financial decisions identifies intellectual qualities that strengthen with age.
New Frontiers In Cognitive Aging
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Author : Roger A. Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004
New Frontiers In Cognitive Aging written by Roger A. Dixon and has been published by Oxford : Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
With an ever increasing population of aging people in the western world, it is more crucial than ever that we try to understand how and why cognitive competence breaks down with advancing age; why do some people follow normal patterns of cognitive change, while others follow a path of progressive decline, with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. What can be done to prevent cognitive decline - or to avoid neurodegenerative diseases? The answers, if they come, will not emerge from research within one discipline, but from work being done across a range of scientific and medical specialities. This volume brings together leading experts from a range of fields studying cognitive aging, including neuroscience, pharmacology, health, genetics, sensory biology, and epidemiology. Unlike other books in this area, this book is more about 'new frontiers' than past research and accomplishments. Recently cognitive aging research has taken several new directions, linking with, and benefiting from, rapid technological and theoretical advances in these neighbouring disciplines. This book provides unique interdisciplinary coverage of the topic. With each chapter including commentaries from specialists in related fields, the book provides an integrative study of the topic. For those within the fields of psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and geriatrics, this volume will make an important contribution in furthering our understanding of a problem that affects us all.
Handbook Of Intervention And Alzheimer S Disease
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Author : C.A. Raji
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2024-02-22
Handbook Of Intervention And Alzheimer S Disease written by C.A. Raji and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-22 with Medical categories.
It is almost 120 years since Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first reported, and the concept of managing some of the modifiable risk factors associated with the disease has been present from the outset. Intervening to manage risk factors as a way of tackling AD is not new, but optimizing brain health as a way of minimizing risk and maximizing the potential benefits of revolutionary new treatments for AD is becoming increasingly important. This book, the Handbook of Intervention and Alzheimer’s Disease, presents 47 papers exploring factors which may either inspire or inform future treatment and clinical trials. While novel interventions such as anti-amyloid immunotherapy present great opportunities, they may also increase the risk of brain bleeds and edema, which in turn may lead to adverse clinical outcomes. Such adverse outcomes are demonstrably more likely to occur in persons with poor brain health, so improved management of the risk factors which make up the AD preventome will also minimize the risks associated with such novel therapies. The papers in this volume can therefore be thought of as offering insight into those factors that can optimize brain health or providing key insights into interventions which may achieve such outcomes. Together with its companion volume on prevention, the book provides a comprehensive overview of strategies for tackling Alzheimer’s disease, and will be of interest to all those working in the field. Cover illustration: Improved hypoperfusion (resolving blue colors) on ASL MRI Z-score maps superimposed on structural MRI scans at baseline and one year in a PET amyloid-positive research participant with cognitive complaints undergoing one year of multi-domain personalized brain health interventions (vascular disease management, dietary optimization, sustained physical activity etc.). Permission to use this figure was granted both by the study P.I. Dr. David Merrill, MD, PhD, of the Pacific Neuroscience Institute and the research participant.