Progress Challenges And Opportunities For Converting U S And Russian Research Reactors

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Progress Challenges And Opportunities For Converting U S And Russian Research Reactors

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Author : Russian Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-03-24

Progress Challenges And Opportunities For Converting U S And Russian Research Reactors written by Russian Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-24 with Science categories.

Highly enriched uranium (HEU) is used for two major civilian purposes: as fuel for research reactors and as targets for medical isotope production. This material can be dangerous in the wrong hands. Stolen or diverted HEU can be used-in conjunction with some knowledge of physics-to build nuclear explosive devices. Thus, the continued civilian use of HEU is of concern particularly because this material may not be uniformly well-protected. To address these concerns, the National Research Council (NRC) of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) held a joint symposium on June 8-10, 2011. Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Converting U.S. and Russian Research Reactors summarizes the proceedings of this joint symposium. This report addresses: (1) recent progress on conversion of research reactors, with a focus on U.S.- and R.F.-origin reactors; (2) lessons learned for overcoming conversion challenges, increasing the effectiveness of research reactor use, and enabling new reactor missions; (3) future research reactor conversion plans, challenges, and opportunities; and (4) actions that could be taken by U.S. and Russian organizations to promote conversion. The agenda for the symposium is provided in Appendix A, biographical sketches of the committee members are provided in Appendix B, and the report concludes with the statement of task in Appendix C.

Reducing The Use Of Highly Enriched Uranium In Civilian Research Reactors

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-03-12

Reducing The Use Of Highly Enriched Uranium In Civilian Research Reactors written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-12 with Science categories.

The continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and international security. Minimization, and ultimately elimination, of HEU in civilian research reactors worldwide has been a goal of U.S. policy and programs since 1978. Today, 74 civilian research reactors around the world, including 8 in the United States, use or are planning to use HEU fuel. Since the last National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on this topic in 2009, 28 reactors have been either shut down or converted from HEU to low enriched uranium fuel. Despite this progress, the large number of remaining HEU-fueled reactors demonstrates that an HEU minimization program continues to be needed on a worldwide scale. Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors assesses the status of and progress toward eliminating the worldwide use of HEU fuel in civilian research and test reactors.

Nuclear Terrorism And Global Security

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Author : Alan J. Kuperman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Nuclear Terrorism And Global Security written by Alan J. Kuperman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Political Science categories.

This book examines the prospects and challenges of a global phase-out of highly enriched uranium—and the risks of this material otherwise being used by terrorists to make atom bombs. Terrorist groups, such as Al Qaeda, have demonstrated repeatedly that they seek to acquire nuclear weapons. Unbeknownst even to many security specialists, tons of bomb-grade uranium are trafficked legally each year for ostensibly peaceful purposes. If terrorists obtained even a tiny fraction of this bomb-grade uranium they could potentially construct a nuclear weapon like the one dropped on Hiroshima that killed tens of thousands. Nuclear experts and policymakers have long known of this danger but – so far – have taken only marginal steps to address it. This volume begins by highlighting the lessons of past successes where bomb-grade uranium commerce has been eliminated, such as from Argentina’s manufacture of medical isotopes. It then explores the major challenges that still lie ahead: for example, Russia’s continued use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in dozens of nuclear facilities. Each of the book’s thirteen case studies offers advice for reducing HEU in a specific sector. These insights are then amalgamated into nine concrete policy recommendations for U.S. and world leaders to promote a global phase-out of bomb-grade uranium. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, global governance, international relations and security studies.

Nuclear Non Proliferation

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Author : Gene Aloise
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2011-04

Nuclear Non Proliferation written by Gene Aloise and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04 with Science categories.

In April 2009, President Obama announced an international initiative to secure all vulnerable nuclear materials worldwide within 4 years. Non-proliferation programs administered by the Nat. Nuclear Security Admin. (NNSA) are working to secure nuclear materials in Russia and other countries. This report assessed: (1) U.S. governmentwide efforts to implement the President's 4-year nuclear material security initiative; (2) the status and challenges, if any, of NNSA's nuclear security programs in Russia; and (3) NNSA efforts to secure nuclear materials in countries other than Russia. This report summarizes the findings of the classified report. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.

Department Of Defense Authorization For Appropriations For Fiscal Year 2016 And The Future Years Defense Program

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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Department Of Defense Authorization For Appropriations For Fiscal Year 2016 And The Future Years Defense Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Military research categories.

The Global Politics Of Combating Nuclear Terrorism

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Author : William C. Potter
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-13

The Global Politics Of Combating Nuclear Terrorism written by William C. Potter and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with History categories.

The most difficult challenge for a terrorist organization seeking to build a nuclear weapon or improvised nuclear device is obtaining fissile material, either plutonium or highly enriched uranium (HEU). Experts acknowledge that obtaining HEU, uranium that has been processed to increase the proportion of the U-235 isotope to over 20%, is the most difficult challenge facing a state or non-state actor seeking to build a nuclear explosive. The large stocks of HEU in civilian use, many not adequately protected, are thus one of the greatest security risks facing the global community at present. This book contains chapters examining the various uses for this material and possible alternatives; the threat posed by this material; the economic, political and strategic obstacles to international efforts to end the use of HEU for commercial and research purposes; as well as new national and international measures that should be taken to further the elimination of HEU. This book was published as a special issue of The Nonproliferation Review.

Unmaking The Bomb

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Author : Harold A. Feiveson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-09-02

Unmaking The Bomb written by Harold A. Feiveson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Political Science categories.

A new approach to nuclear disarmament, nonproliferation, and the prevention of nuclear terrorism that focuses on controlling the production and stockpiling of nuclear materials. Achieving nuclear disarmament, stopping nuclear proliferation, and preventing nuclear terrorism are among the most critical challenges facing the world today. Unmaking the Bomb proposes a new approach to reaching these long-held goals. Rather than considering them as separate issues, the authors—physicists and experts on nuclear security—argue that all three of these goals can be understood and realized together if we focus on the production, stockpiling, and disposal of plutonium and highly enriched uranium—the fissile materials that are the key ingredients used to make nuclear weapons. The authors describe the history, production, national stockpiles, and current military and civilian uses of plutonium and highly enriched uranium, and propose policies aimed at reducing and eventually eliminating these fissile materials worldwide. These include an end to the production of highly enriched uranium and plutonium for weapons, an end to their use as reactor fuels, and the verified elimination of all national stockpiles.

The Oxford Handbook Of Nuclear Security

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-05-16

The Oxford Handbook Of Nuclear Security written by and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-16 with Political Science categories.

The Oxford Handbook of Nuclear Security provides a comprehensive examination of efforts to secure sensitive nuclear assets and mitigate the risk of nuclear terrorism and other non-state actor threats. It aims to provide the reader with a holistic understanding of nuclear security through exploring its legal, political, and technical dimensions at the international, national, and organizational levels. Recognizing there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nuclear security, the book explores fundamental elements and concepts in practice through a number of case studies which showcase how and why national and organizational approaches have diverged. Although focused on critiquing past and current activities, unexplored yet crucial aspects of nuclear security are also considered, and how gaps in international efforts might be filled. Contributors to the handbook are drawn from a variety of different disciplinary backgrounds and experiences, to provide a wide range of perspectives on nuclear security issues and move beyond the Western narratives that have tended to dominate the debate.These include scholars from both developed and developing nuclear countries, as well as practitioners working in the field of nuclear security in an effort to bridge the gap between theory and practice.

Hearing On National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 2006 And Oversight Of Previously Authorized Programs Before The Committee On Armed Services House Of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress First Session

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Hearing On National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 2006 And Oversight Of Previously Authorized Programs Before The Committee On Armed Services House Of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress First Session written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Political Science categories.

U S Nuclear Weapons Policy

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Author : William James Perry
language : en
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations
Release Date : 2009

U S Nuclear Weapons Policy written by William James Perry and has been published by Council on Foreign Relations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with History categories.

The report notes that in the near term nuclear weapons will remain a fundamental element of U.S. national security. For this reason it emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe, secure, and reliable deterrent nuclear force and makes recommendations on this front. The report also offers measures to advance important goals such as preventing nuclear terrorism and bolstering the nuclear nonproliferation regime--Foreword.