Proper And Improper Forcing
DOWNLOAD
Download Proper And Improper Forcing PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Proper And Improper Forcing book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Proper And Improper Forcing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Saharon Shelah
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-23
Proper And Improper Forcing written by Saharon Shelah and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-23 with Mathematics categories.
This book presents the theory of proper forcing and its relatives from the beginning. No prior knowledge of forcing is required.
Handbook Of Set Theory
DOWNLOAD
Author : Matthew Foreman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-10
Handbook Of Set Theory written by Matthew Foreman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-10 with Mathematics categories.
Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Greeks. The urge to understand and systematize the mathematics of the time led Euclid to postulate axioms in an early attempt to put geometry on a ?rm footing. With roots in the Elements, the distinctive methodology of mathematics has become proof. Inevitably two questions arise: What are proofs? and What assumptions are proofs based on? The ?rst question, traditionally an internal question of the ?eld of logic, was also wrestled with in antiquity. Aristotle gave his famous syllogistic s- tems, and the Stoics had a nascent propositional logic. This study continued with ?ts and starts, through Boethius, the Arabs and the medieval logicians in Paris and London. The early germs of logic emerged in the context of philosophy and theology. The development of analytic geometry, as exempli?ed by Descartes, ill- tratedoneofthedi?cultiesinherentinfoundingmathematics. Itisclassically phrased as the question ofhow one reconciles the arithmetic with the geom- ric. Arenumbers onetypeofthingand geometricobjectsanother? Whatare the relationships between these two types of objects? How can they interact? Discovery of new types of mathematical objects, such as imaginary numbers and, much later, formal objects such as free groups and formal power series make the problem of ?nding a common playing ?eld for all of mathematics importunate. Several pressures made foundational issues urgent in the 19th century.
Logic And Its Applications
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kamal Lodaya
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-22
Logic And Its Applications written by Kamal Lodaya and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-22 with Mathematics categories.
Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Indian Conference on Logic and Its Applications, ICLA 2013, held in Chennai, India, in January 2013. The 15 revised full papers presented together with 7 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover the topics related to pure and applied logic, foundations and philosophy of mathematics and the sciences, set theory, model theory, proof theory, areas of theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence and other disciplines which are of direct interest to mathematical and philosophical logic.
Classical And New Paradigms Of Computation And Their Complexity Hierarchies
DOWNLOAD
Author : Benedikt Löwe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-02-15
Classical And New Paradigms Of Computation And Their Complexity Hierarchies written by Benedikt Löwe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-02-15 with Computers categories.
The notion of complexity is an important contribution of logic to theoretical computer science and mathematics. This volume attempts to approach complexity in a holistic way, investigating mathematical properties of complexity hierarchies at the same time as discussing algorithms and computational properties. A main focus of the volume is on some of the new paradigms of computation, among them Quantum Computing and Infinitary Computation. The papers in the volume are tied together by an introductory article describing abstract properties of complexity hierarchies. This volume will be of great interest to both mathematical logicians and theoretical computer scientists, providing them with new insights into the various views of complexity and thus shedding new light on their own research.
Centenary Of The Borel Conjecture
DOWNLOAD
Author : Marion Scheepers
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2020-09-04
Centenary Of The Borel Conjecture written by Marion Scheepers and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-04 with Education categories.
Borel's Conjecture entered the mathematics arena in 1919 as an innocuous remark about sets of real numbers in the context of a new covering property introduced by Émile Borel. In the 100 years since, this conjecture has led to a remarkably rich adventure of discovery in mathematics, producing independent results and the discovery of countable support iterated forcing, developments in infinitary game theory, deep connections with infinitary Ramsey Theory, and significant impact on the study of topological groups and topological covering properties. The papers in this volume present a broad introduction to the frontiers of research that has been spurred on by Borel's 1919 conjecture and identify fundamental unanswered research problems in the field. Philosophers of science and historians of mathematics can glean from this collection some of the typical trends in the discovery, innovation, and development of mathematical theories.
Set Theory Of The Continuum
DOWNLOAD
Author : Haim Judah
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Set Theory Of The Continuum written by Haim Judah and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
Primarily consisting of talks presented at a workshop at the MSRI during its "Logic Year" 1989-90, this volume is intended to reflect the whole spectrum of activities in set theory. The first section of the book comprises the invited papers surveying the state of the art in a wide range of topics of set-theoretic research. The second section includes research papers on various aspects of set theory and its relation to algebra and topology. Contributors include: J.Bagaria, T. Bartoszynski, H. Becker, P. Dehornoy, Q. Feng, M. Foreman, M. Gitik, L. Harrington, S. Jackson, H. Judah, W. Just, A.S. Kechris, A. Louveau, S. MacLane, M. Magidor, A.R.D. Mathias, G. Melles, W.J. Mitchell, S. Shelah, R.A. Shore, R.I. Soare, L.J. Stanley, B. Velikovic, H. Woodin.
Finite Model Theory
DOWNLOAD
Author : Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-08-18
Finite Model Theory written by Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-18 with Mathematics categories.
This is a thoroughly revised and enlarged second edition that presents the main results of descriptive complexity theory, that is, the connections between axiomatizability of classes of finite structures and their complexity with respect to time and space bounds. The logics that are important in this context include fixed-point logics, transitive closure logics, and also certain infinitary languages; their model theory is studied in full detail. The book is written in such a way that the respective parts on model theory and descriptive complexity theory may be read independently.
Sets And Extensions In The Twentieth Century
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-01-24
Sets And Extensions In The Twentieth Century written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-24 with Mathematics categories.
Set theory is an autonomous and sophisticated field of mathematics that is extremely successful at analyzing mathematical propositions and gauging their consistency strength. It is as a field of mathematics that both proceeds with its own internal questions and is capable of contextualizing over a broad range, which makes set theory an intriguing and highly distinctive subject. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in set theory, providing fresh insights and points of view. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in mathematics, the history of philosophy, and any discipline such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights
The Development Of Modern Logic
DOWNLOAD
Author : Leila Haaparanta
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-18
The Development Of Modern Logic written by Leila Haaparanta and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-18 with Philosophy categories.
This edited volume presents a comprehensive history of modern logic from the Middle Ages through the end of the twentieth century. In addition to a history of symbolic logic, the contributors also examine developments in the philosophy of logic and philosophical logic in modern times. The book begins with chapters on late medieval developments and logic and philosophy of logic from Humanism to Kant. The following chapters focus on the emergence of symbolic logic with special emphasis on the relations between logic and mathematics, on the one hand, and on logic and philosophy, on the other. This discussion is completed by a chapter on the themes of judgment and inference from 1837-1936. The volume contains a section on the development of mathematical logic from 1900-1935, followed by a section on main trends in mathematical logic after the 1930s. The volume goes on to discuss modal logic from Kant till the late twentieth century, and logic and semantics in the twentieth century; the philosophy of alternative logics; the philosophical aspects of inductive logic; the relations between logic and linguistics in the twentieth century; the relationship between logic and artificial intelligence; and ends with a presentation of the main schools of Indian logic. The Development of Modern Logic includes many prominent philosophers from around the world who work in the philosophy and history of mathematics and logic, who not only survey developments in a given period or area but also seek to make new contributions to contemporary research in the field. It is the first volume to discuss the field with this breadth of coverage and depth, and will appeal to scholars and students of logic and its philosophy.
Doing Mathematics Convention Subject Calculation Analogy 2nd Edition
DOWNLOAD
Author : Martin H Krieger
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-01-15
Doing Mathematics Convention Subject Calculation Analogy 2nd Edition written by Martin H Krieger and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-15 with Mathematics categories.
Doing Mathematics discusses some ways mathematicians and mathematical physicists do their work and the subject matters they uncover and fashion. The conventions they adopt, the subject areas they delimit, what they can prove and calculate about the physical world, and the analogies they discover and employ, all depend on the mathematics — what will work out and what won't. The cases studied include the central limit theorem of statistics, the sound of the shape of a drum, the connections between algebra and topology, and the series of rigorous proofs of the stability of matter. The many and varied solutions to the two-dimensional Ising model of ferromagnetism make sense as a whole when they are seen in an analogy developed by Richard Dedekind in the 1880s to algebraicize Riemann's function theory; by Robert Langlands' program in number theory and representation theory; and, by the analogy between one-dimensional quantum mechanics and two-dimensional classical statistical mechanics. In effect, we begin to see 'an identity in a manifold presentation of profiles,' as the phenomenologists would say.This second edition deepens the particular examples; it describe the practical role of mathematical rigor; it suggests what might be a mathematician's philosophy of mathematics; and, it shows how an 'ugly' first proof or derivation embodies essential features, only to be appreciated after many subsequent proofs. Natural scientists and mathematicians trade physical models and abstract objects, remaking them to suit their needs, discovering new roles for them as in the recent case of the Painlevé transcendents, the Tracy-Widom distribution, and Toeplitz determinants. And mathematics has provided the models and analogies, the ordinary language, for describing the everyday world, the structure of cities, or God's infinitude.