Proxy Means Tests For Targeting Social Programs
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Proxy Means Tests For Targeting Social Programs
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Author : Margaret E. Grosh
language : en
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
Release Date : 1995-01-01
Proxy Means Tests For Targeting Social Programs written by Margaret E. Grosh and has been published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Social Science categories.
Targeting Of Transfers In Developing Countries
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Author : David Coady
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
Targeting Of Transfers In Developing Countries written by David Coady and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
Drawing on a database of more than one hundred anti-poverty interventions in 47 countries, 'Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries' provides a general review of experiences with methods used to target interventions in transition and developing countries. Written for policymakers and program managers in developing countries, in donor agencies, and in NGOs who have responsibility for designing interventions that reach the poor, it conveys what targeting options are available, what results can be expected as well as information that will assist in choosing among them and in their implementation. Key messages are: - While targeting 'works' - the median program transfers 25 percent more to the poor than would a universal allocation - targeting performance around the world is highly variable. - Means testing, geographic targeting, and self-selection based on a work requirement are the most robustly progressive methods. Proxy means testing, community-based selection of individuals and demographic targeting to children show good results on average, but with considerable variation. - Demographic targeting to the elderly, community bidding, and self-selection based on consumption show limited potential for good targeting. - There is no single preferred method for all types of programs or all country contexts. Successful targeting depends critically on how a method is implemented. The CD-ROM includes the database of interventions, an annotated bibliography (PDF) and Spanish and Russian translations of the book (PDFs).
Poverty Targeting In Asia
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Author : John Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2005
Poverty Targeting In Asia written by John Weiss and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is a must read for researchers and students interested in poverty, poverty reduction, social welfare and development. It provides systematic and comparative studies on the design features, achievements and problems of targeting, set against specific national contexts. The economic focus of the analysis is balanced with sections on the political economy of targeting and management aspects (administrative systems and incentives). While the considerable variations between targeting mechanisms, schemes and contexts demonstrate the difficulties of blanket policy prescriptions, the book presents a fascinating conclusion. Rather than continuing the debate about universal versus targeted approaches, it proposes that a mixed approach might be best: the broad targeting of basic services such as primary education and health care combined with the narrow targeting of social protection schemes for the very poor. David Hulme, University of Manchester, UK Most governments attempt to target resources directly at the poor through a variety of measures including food and credit subsidies, job creation schemes and basic health and education projects. These measures are usually classified as being either promotional (to help raise welfare in the long term), or protectional (to support the poor in times of adverse shocks). However, for many Asian countries the reality of these poverty targeting measures has proved disappointing. Following a comprehensive overview by the editor, this book offers a detailed assessment of the results of directly channelling resources to the poor and extensively discusses the experience of five Asian countries India, Indonesia, the People s Republic of China, the Philippines and Thailand. The authors demonstrate how in many cases these targeting measures have failed due to their high cost and errors of both undercoverage (where many of the poor are excluded) and leakage (when many of the better-off also benefit from these schemes). The authors conclude that whilst poverty targeting remains a critically important objective, past targeting errors must not be forgotten and improved methods of both identifying and reaching the poor must be implemented. Written by leading experts in the field and including analysis of original country surveys, this seminal text documents clearly the operation and success of aid schemes in Asia. This book will make a worthy addition to the literature on development, poverty reduction, social welfare and Asian studies. It will also be an important source of reference for academics and students of economic development, aid practitioners, government officials and development NGOs.
Administering Targeted Social Programs In Latin America
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Author : Margaret E. Grosh
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Administering Targeted Social Programs In Latin America written by Margaret E. Grosh and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Global Environment Facility Working Paper 8. Describes the five key research areas to be addressed by the Program for Measuring Incremental Costs for the Environment (PRINCE). This paper outlines incremental cost concepts, operational interpretations, national climate change studies, country studies on ozone protection, and transaction costs. It also develops a broad interpretation of incremental cost that can be used across the range of issues covered by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Those issues include global warming, pollution of international waters, destruction of biodiversity, and ozone depletion. This is one of five GEF Working Papers to explore the PRINCE program and is co-published with the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Environment Programme.
Conditional Cash Transfers
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Author : Ariel Fiszbein
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-02-09
Conditional Cash Transfers written by Ariel Fiszbein and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.
Closing The Coverage Gap
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Author : Robert Holzmann
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Closing The Coverage Gap written by Robert Holzmann and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This title looks at water availability and water demand in various sectors, estimating the water gap today and through the year 2050. It presents a methodology to prioritise options to bridge the water gap, using the marginal cost of water approach.
Income Support For The Poorest
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Author : Emil Tesliuc
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-07
Income Support For The Poorest written by Emil Tesliuc and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07 with Political Science categories.
This study reviews the role and workings and the strengths and weaknesses of last-resort income support programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It suggests how they can be made more effective, what other countries can learn from them, and why they should have a bigger role in social protection in the region.
Water Electricity And The Poor
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Author : Kristin Komives
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Water Electricity And The Poor written by Kristin Komives and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Safety Net Programs And Poverty Reduction
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Author : K. Subbarao
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Safety Net Programs And Poverty Reduction written by K. Subbarao and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
Designing Fiscal Redistribution The Role Of Universal And Targeted Transfers
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Author : Mr.David Coady
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-06-26
Designing Fiscal Redistribution The Role Of Universal And Targeted Transfers written by Mr.David Coady and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.