Q Or Not Q

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If P Then Q

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Author : David H. Sanford
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2003

If P Then Q written by David H. Sanford and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Mathematics categories.

Since its publication in 1989, David Sanford's If P Then Q has become one of the most widely respected works in the field of conditionals. This new edition includes three new chapters, thus updating the book to take into account developments in the

The Psychology Of Proof

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Author : Lance J. Rips
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003-01-01

The Psychology Of Proof written by Lance J. Rips and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Psychology categories.

Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.

The Developmental Psychology Of Reasoning And Decision Making

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Author : Henry Markovits
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-11-26

The Developmental Psychology Of Reasoning And Decision Making written by Henry Markovits and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-26 with Psychology categories.

Reflects very strongly many of the major changes that have arisen in the field of thinking and reasoning research over recent years World class contributors to the book focus on the latest ideas concerning developmental aspects of causal and counterfactual thinking Strongly represents the way in which developmental studies have informed an understanding of dual-process theories of reasoning

Hypothesis Testing Behaviour

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Author : Fenna Poletiek
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001

Hypothesis Testing Behaviour written by Fenna Poletiek and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Medical categories.

How do people search evidence for a hypothesis? A well documented answer in cognitive psychology is that they search for confirming evidence. However, the rational strategy is to try to falsify the hypothesis. This book critically evaluates this contradiction. Experimental research is discussed against the background of philosophical and formal theories of hypothesis testing with striking results: Falsificationism and verificationism - the two main rival philosophies of testing - come down to one and the same principle for concrete testing behaviour, eluding the contrast between rational falsification and confirmation bias. In this book, the author proposes a new perspective for describing hypothesis testing behaviour - the probability-value model - which unifies the contrasting views. According to this model, hypothesis testers pragmatically consider what evidence and how much evidence will convince them to reject or accept the hypothesis. They might either require highly probative evidence for its acceptance, at the risk of its rejection, or protect it against rejection and go for minor confirming observations. Interestingly, the model refines the classical opposition between rationality and pragmaticity because pragmatic considerations are a legitimate aspect of 'rational' hypothesis testing. Possible future research and applications of the ideas advanced are discussed, such as the modelling of expert hypothesis testing.

The Limits Of Logical Empiricism

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Author : Alfons Keupink
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-30

The Limits Of Logical Empiricism written by Alfons Keupink and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-30 with Philosophy categories.

Arthur Pap’s work played an important role in the development of the analytic tradition. This role goes beyond the merely historical fact that Pap’s views of dispositional and modal concepts were influential. As a sympathetic critic of logical empiricism, Pap, like Quine, saw a deep tension in logical empiricism at its very best in the work of Carnap. But Pap’s critique of Carnap is quite different from Quine’s, and represents the discovery of limits beyond which empiricism cannot go, where there lies nothing other than intuitive knowledge of logic itself. Pap’s arguments for this intuitive knowledge anticipate Etchemendy’s recent critique of the model-theoretic account of logical consequence. Pap’s work also anticipates prominent developments in the contemporary neo-Fregean philosophy of mathematics championed by Wright and Hale. Finally, Pap’s major philosophical preoccupation, the concepts of necessity and possibility, provides distinctive solutions and perspectives on issues of contemporary concern in the metaphysics of modality. In particular, Pap’s account of modality allows us to see the significance of Kripke’s well-known arguments on necessity and apriority in a new light.

Report Of The Proceedings In The Case Of The United States Vs Charles J Guiteau

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Author : Henry H. Alexander
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1882

Report Of The Proceedings In The Case Of The United States Vs Charles J Guiteau written by Henry H. Alexander and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1882 with Assassination categories.

Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning

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Author : Stephen Newstead
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-06-20

Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning written by Stephen Newstead and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-20 with Psychology categories.

This collection of essays focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason - the selection task, the 2-4-6 task, and the THOG problem - which have had a considerable influence since their invention.; The reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach, and the mental logic approach. This book contains chapters which discuss all these theories. Other chapters review the literature or offer alternative theoretical perspectives. A final chapter by Peter Wason describes how he came to create the tasks discussed.

Contested Election Case Of James I Campbell V Robert L Doughton From The Eighth Congressional District Of North Carolina

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Author : United States. Congress. House
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1921

Contested Election Case Of James I Campbell V Robert L Doughton From The Eighth Congressional District Of North Carolina written by United States. Congress. House and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1921 with categories.

Investigation Of Illegal Or Improper Activities In Connection With 1996 Federal Election Campaigns

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Investigation Of Illegal Or Improper Activities In Connection With 1996 Federal Election Campaigns written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Campaign funds categories.

Records And Briefs Of The United States Supreme Court

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1913

Records And Briefs Of The United States Supreme Court written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1913 with Law reports, digests, etc categories.