Quantitative Sociodynamics
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Quantitative Sociodynamics
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Author : D. Helbing
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1995-01-31
Quantitative Sociodynamics written by D. Helbing and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-31 with Science categories.
Quantitative Sociodynamics presents a general strategy for interdisciplinary model building and its application to a quantitative description of behavioural changes based on social interaction processes. Originally, the crucial methods for the modeling of complex systems (stochastic methods and nonlinear dynamics) were developed in physics but they have very often proved their explanatory power in chemistry, biology, economics and the social sciences. Quantitative Sociodynamics provides a unified and comprehensive overview of the different stochastic methods, their interrelations and properties. In addition, it introduces the most important concepts from nonlinear dynamics (synergetics, chaos theory). The applicability of these fascinating concepts to social phenomena is carefully discussed. By incorporating decision-theoretical approaches a very fundamental dynamic model is obtained which seems to open new perspectives in the social sciences. It includes many established models as special cases, e.g. the logistic equation, the gravity model, some diffusion models, the evolutionary game theory and the social field theory, but it also implies numerous new results. Examples concerning opinion formation, migration, social field theory; the self-organization of behavioural conventions as well as the behaviour of customers and voters are presented and illustrated by computer simulations. Quantitative Sociodynamics is relevant both for social scientists and natural scientists who are interested in the application of stochastic and synergetics concepts to interdisciplinary topics.
Quantitative Sociodynamics
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Author : D. Helbing
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-01-07
Quantitative Sociodynamics written by D. Helbing and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-07 with Science categories.
Quantitative Sociodynamics presents a general strategy for interdisciplinary model building and its application to a quantitative description of behavioural changes based on social interaction processes. Originally, the crucial methods for the modeling of complex systems (stochastic methods and nonlinear dynamics) were developed in physics but they have very often proved their explanatory power in chemistry, biology, economics and the social sciences. Quantitative Sociodynamics provides a unified and comprehensive overview of the different stochastic methods, their interrelations and properties. In addition, it introduces the most important concepts from nonlinear dynamics (synergetics, chaos theory). The applicability of these fascinating concepts to social phenomena is carefully discussed. By incorporating decision-theoretical approaches a very fundamental dynamic model is obtained which seems to open new perspectives in the social sciences. It includes many established models as special cases, e.g. the logistic equation, the gravity model, some diffusion models, the evolutionary game theory and the social field theory, but it also implies numerous new results. Examples concerning opinion formation, migration, social field theory; the self-organization of behavioural conventions as well as the behaviour of customers and voters are presented and illustrated by computer simulations. Quantitative Sociodynamics is relevant both for social scientists and natural scientists who are interested in the application of stochastic and synergetics concepts to interdisciplinary topics.
Sociodynamics
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Author : Wolfgang Weidlich
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2006-07-07
Sociodynamics written by Wolfgang Weidlich and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-07 with Mathematics categories.
"Highly recommended. . . . This is an important book in putting the burgeoning field of sociodynamics on a solid footing."—Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation This text deals with general modelling concepts in the social sciences, their applications, and their mathematical methods. The author's well-organized approach offers a clear, coherent introduction to terminology, approaches, and goals in modelling. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it requires a solid background in algebra and calculus. The three-part treatment begins by addressing general modelling concepts, the second part provides applications, and the third discusses mathematical method. Topics include population dynamics, group interaction, political transitions, evolutionary economics, and urbanization. Guiding students through a series of practical applications that illustrate the methods' potential scope, the text concludes with a detailed look at mathematical methods.
Markets Risk And Money
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Author : Bertrand Munier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Markets Risk And Money written by Bertrand Munier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Most of the writings of Maurice Allais, 1988 Nobel Laureate in Economics have only been published in French. Thus to date, economists, management scientists and operations researchers have been severely restricted in gaining access to his work. Markets, Risk and Money presents, for the first time in English, Allais' unconventional views on economic competition, the significance of free markets and overlapping generations, risk psychology, central banking, taxation systems, monetary dynamics and reform. The volume provides a consistent vision of our society and offers readers an evaluation of the impact of Allais' work on our present body of knowledge. Markets, Risk and Money contains contributions from a number of distinguished European and American scholars including Bertrand Munier, Thierry Montbrial, J. Lesourne, Claude Ponsard, Edmond Malinvaud, André Babeau, Marcel Boiteux, Lola L. Lopes, Mark J. Machina, James B. Ramsey, Xavier Freixas, B. Roy and D. Bouyssou, Werner Leinfellner and Jean-Jacques Durand. A biographical sketch and complete bibliography of the author are also included.
Non Classical Logics And Their Applications To Fuzzy Subsets
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Author : Ulrich Höhle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Non Classical Logics And Their Applications To Fuzzy Subsets written by Ulrich Höhle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
Non-Classical Logics and their Applications to Fuzzy Subsets is the first major work devoted to a careful study of various relations between non-classical logics and fuzzy sets. This volume is indispensable for all those who are interested in a deeper understanding of the mathematical foundations of fuzzy set theory, particularly in intuitionistic logic, Lukasiewicz logic, monoidal logic, fuzzy logic and topos-like categories. The tutorial nature of the longer chapters, the comprehensive bibliography and index make it suitable as a valuable and important reference for graduate students as well as research workers in the field of non-classical logics. The book is arranged in three parts: Part A presents the most recent developments in the theory of Heyting algebras, MV-algebras, quantales and GL-monoids. Part B gives a coherent and current account of topos-like categories for fuzzy set theory based on Heyting algebra valued sets, quantal sets of M-valued sets. Part C addresses general aspects of non-classical logics including epistemological problems as well as recursive properties of fuzzy logic.
Statistical Analysis Of Observations Of Increasing Dimension
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Author : V.L. Girko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Statistical Analysis Of Observations Of Increasing Dimension written by V.L. Girko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Mathematics categories.
Statistical Analysis of Observations of Increasing Dimension is devoted to the investigation of the limit distribution of the empirical generalized variance, covariance matrices, their eigenvalues and solutions of the system of linear algebraic equations with random coefficients, which are an important function of observations in multidimensional statistical analysis. A general statistical analysis is developed in which observed random vectors may not have density and their components have an arbitrary dependence structure. The methods of this theory have very important advantages in comparison with existing methods of statistical processing. The results have applications in nuclear and statistical physics, multivariate statistical analysis in the theory of the stability of solutions of stochastic differential equations, in control theory of linear stochastic systems, in linear stochastic programming, in the theory of experiment planning.
Fundamentals Of Uncertainty Calculi With Applications To Fuzzy Inference
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Author : Michel Grabisch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Fundamentals Of Uncertainty Calculi With Applications To Fuzzy Inference written by Michel Grabisch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Business & Economics categories.
With the vision that machines can be rendered smarter, we have witnessed for more than a decade tremendous engineering efforts to implement intelligent sys tems. These attempts involve emulating human reasoning, and researchers have tried to model such reasoning from various points of view. But we know precious little about human reasoning processes, learning mechanisms and the like, and in particular about reasoning with limited, imprecise knowledge. In a sense, intelligent systems are machines which use the most general form of human knowledge together with human reasoning capability to reach decisions. Thus the general problem of reasoning with knowledge is the core of design methodology. The attempt to use human knowledge in its most natural sense, that is, through linguistic descriptions, is novel and controversial. The novelty lies in the recognition of a new type of un certainty, namely fuzziness in natural language, and the controversality lies in the mathematical modeling process. As R. Bellman [7] once said, decision making under uncertainty is one of the attributes of human intelligence. When uncertainty is understood as the impossi bility to predict occurrences of events, the context is familiar to statisticians. As such, efforts to use probability theory as an essential tool for building intelligent systems have been pursued (Pearl [203], Neapolitan [182)). The methodology seems alright if the uncertain knowledge in a given problem can be modeled as probability measures.
Vaguely Defined Objects
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Author : M. Wygralak
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-11-23
Vaguely Defined Objects written by M. Wygralak and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-23 with Mathematics categories.
In recent years, an impetuous development of new, unconventional theories, methods, techniques and technologies in computer and information sciences, systems analysis, decision-making and control, expert systems, data modelling, engineering, etc. , resulted in a considerable increase of interest in adequate mathematical description and analysis of objects, phenomena, and processes which are vague or imprecise by their very nature. Classical two-valued logic and the related notion of a set, together with its mathematical consequences, are then often inadequate or insufficient formal tools, and can even become useless for applications because of their (too) categorical character: 'true - false', 'belongs - does not belong', 'is - is not', 'black - white', '0 - 1', etc. This is why one replaces classical logic by various types of many-valued logics and, on the other hand, more general notions are introduced instead of or beside that of a set. Let us mention, for instance, fuzzy sets and derivative concepts, flou sets and twofold fuzzy sets, which have been created for different purposes as well as using distinct formal and informal motivations. A kind of numerical information concerning of 'how many' elements those objects are composed seems to be one of the simplest and more important types of information about them. To get it, one needs a suitable notion of cardinality and, moreover, a possibility to calculate with such cardinalities. Unfortunately, neither fuzzy sets nor the other nonclassical concepts have been equipped with a satisfactory (nonclassical) cardinality theory.
Evolution And Progress In Democracies
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Author : Johann Götschl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Evolution And Progress In Democracies written by Johann Götschl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
In a ground-breaking series of articles, one of them written by a Nobel Laureate, this volume demonstrates the evolutionary dynamic and the transformation of today's democratic societies into scientific-democratic societies. It highlights the progress of modeling individual and societal evaluation by neo-Bayesian utility theory. It shows how social learning and collective opinion formation work, and how democracies cope with randomness caused by randomizers. Nonlinear `evolution equations' and serial stochastic matrices of evolutionary game theory allow us to optimally compute possible serial evolutionary solutions of societal conflicts. But in democracies progress can be defined as any positive, gradual, innovative and creative change of culturally used, transmitted and stored mentifacts (models, theories), sociofacts (customs, opinions), artifacts and technifacts, within and across generations. The most important changes are caused, besides randomness, by conflict solutions and their realizations by citizens who follow democratic laws. These laws correspond to the extended Pareto principle, a supreme, socioethical democratic rule. According to this principle, progress is any increase in the individual and collective welfare which is achieved during any evolutionary progress. Central to evolutionary modeling is the criterion of the empirical realization of computed solutions. Applied to serial conflict solutions (decisions), evolutionary trajectories are formed; they become the most influential causal attractors of the channeling of societal evolution. Democratic constitutions, legal systems etc., store all advantageous, present and past, adaptive, competitive, cooperative and collective solutions and their rules; they have been accepted by majority votes. Societal laws are codes of statutes (default or statistical rules), and they serve to optimally solve societal conflicts, in analogy to game theoretical models or to statistical decision theory. Such solutions become necessary when we face harmful or advantageous random events always lurking at the edge of societal and external chaos. The evolutionary theory of societal evolution in democracies presents a new type of stochastic theory; it is based on default rules and stresses realization. The rules represent the change of our democracies into information, science and technology-based societies; they will revolutionize social sciences, especially economics. Their methods have already found their way into neural brain physiology and research into intelligence. In this book, neural activity and the creativity of human thinking are no longer regarded as linear-deductive. Only evolutive nonlinear thinking can include multiple causal choices by many individuals and the risks of internal and external randomness; this serves the increasing welfare of all individuals and society as a whole. Evolution and Progress in Democracies is relevant for social scientists, economists, evolution theorists, statisticians, philosophers, philosophers of science, and interdisciplinary researchers.
Conflict Complexity And Mathematical Social Science
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Author : Gordon Burt
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2010-08-05
Conflict Complexity And Mathematical Social Science written by Gordon Burt and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-05 with Political Science categories.
Presents a foundational mathematical approach to the modelling of social conflict. This book illustrates how theory and evidence can be mathematically deepened and how investigations grounded in social choice theory can provide the evidence needed to inform social practice.