Quantum Dynamics Of Submicron Structures

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Quantum Dynamics Of Submicron Structures

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Author : Hilda A. Cerdeira
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Quantum Dynamics Of Submicron Structures written by Hilda A. Cerdeira and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Techniques for the preparation of condensed matter systems have advanced considerably in the last decade, principally due to the developments in microfabrication technologies. The widespread availability of millikelvin temperature facilities also led to the discovery of a large number of new quantum phenomena. Simultaneously, the quantum theory of small condensed matter systems has matured, allowing quantitative predictions. The effects discussed in Quantum Dynamics of Submicron Structures include typical quantum interference phenomena, such as the Aharonov-Bohm-like oscillations of the magnetoresistance of thin metallic cylinders and rings, transport through chaotic billiards, and such quantization effects as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect and the quantization of the conductance of point contacts in integer multiples of the `conductance quantum'. Transport properties and tunnelling processes in various types of normal metal and superconductor tunnelling systems are treated. The statistical properties of the quantum states of electrons in spatially inhomogeneous systems, such as a random, inhomogeneous magnetic field, are investigated. Interacting systems, like the Luttinger liquid or electrons in a quantum dot, are also considered. Reviews are given of quantum blockade mechanisms for electrons that tunnel through small junctions, like the Coulomb blockade and spin blockade, the influence of dissipative coupling of charge carriers to an environment, and Andreev scattering. Coulomb interactions and quantization effects in transport through quantum dots and in double-well potentials, as well as quantum effects in the motion of vortices, as in the Aharonov-Casher effect, are discussed. The status of the theory of the metal-insulator and superconductor-insulator phase transitions in ordered and disordered granular systems are reviewed as examples in which such quantum effects are of greatimportance.

Dissipative Quantum Mechanics Of Nanostructures

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Author : Andrei D. Zaikin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-05-24

Dissipative Quantum Mechanics Of Nanostructures written by Andrei D. Zaikin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-24 with Science categories.

Continuing miniaturization of electronic devices, together with the quickly growing number of nanotechnological applications, demands a profound understanding of the underlying physics. Most of the fundamental problems of modern condensed matter physics involve various aspects of quantum transport and fluctuation phenomena at the nanoscale. In nanostructures, electrons are usually confined to a limited volume and interact with each other and lattice ions, simultaneously suffering multiple scattering events on impurities, barriers, surface imperfections, and other defects. Electron interaction with other degrees of freedom generally yields two major consequences, quantum dissipation and quantum decoherence. In other words, electrons can lose their energy and ability for quantum interference even at very low temperatures. These two different, but related, processes are at the heart of all quantum phenomena discussed in this book. This book presents copious details to facilitate the understanding of the basic physics behind a result and the learning to technically reproduce the result without delving into extra literature. The book subtly balances the description of theoretical methods and techniques and the display of the rich landscape of the physical phenomena that can be accessed by these methods. It is useful for a broad readership ranging from master’s and PhD students to postdocs and senior researchers.

Chemical Structural And Electronic Analysis Of Heterogeneous Surfaces On Nanometer Scale

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Author : R. Rosei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Chemical Structural And Electronic Analysis Of Heterogeneous Surfaces On Nanometer Scale written by R. Rosei and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

An assessment of the recent achievements and relative strengths of two developing techniques for characterising surfaces at the nanometer scale: (i) local probe methods, including scanning tunnelling microscopy and its derivatives; and (ii) nanoscale photoemission and absorption spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The keynote lectures were delivered by some of the world's best scientists in the field and some of the topics covered include: (1) The possible application of STM in atomically resolved chemical analysis. (2) The principles of scanning force/friction and scanning near-field optical microscopes. (3) The scanning photoemission electron microscopes built at ELETTRA and SRRC, with a description of synchrotron radiation microscopy. (4) Recent progress in the development of spatially-resolved photoelectron microscopy, especially the use of zone plate photon optics. (5) The present status of non-scanning photoemission microscopy with slow electrons. (6) the BESSY 2 project for a non-scanning photoelectron microscope with electron optics. (7) Spatially-resolved in situ reaction studies of chemical waves and oscillatory phenomena with the UV photoemission microscope.

Quantum Computation And Quantum Information Theory Collected Papers And Notes

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Author : Chiara Macchiavello
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2001-01-17

Quantum Computation And Quantum Information Theory Collected Papers And Notes written by Chiara Macchiavello and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-17 with Science categories.

Quantum information theory has revolutionised our view on the true nature of information and has led to such intriguing topics as teleportation and quantum computation. The field — by its very nature strongly interdisciplinary, with deep roots in the foundations both of quantum mechanics and of information theory and computer science — has become a major subject for scientists working in fields as diverse as quantum optics, superconductivity or information theory, all the way to computer engineers.The aim of this book is to provide guidance and introduce the broad literature in all the various aspects of quantum information theory. The topics covered range from the fundamental aspects of the theory, like quantum algorithms and quantum complexity, to the technological aspects of the design of quantum-information-processing devices. Each section of the book consists of a selection of key papers (with particular attention to their tutorial value), chosen and introduced by leading scientists in the specific area. An entirely new introduction to quantum complexity has been specially written for the book.

Quantum Computation And Quantum Information Theory

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Author : Chiara Macchiavello
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2000

Quantum Computation And Quantum Information Theory written by Chiara Macchiavello and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Science categories.

Quantum Entanglement Manipulation - Quantum Algorithms - Quantum Complexity - Quantum Error Correction - Quantum Channels - Entanglement Purification and Long-Distance Quantum Communication - Quantum Key Distribution - Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics - Quantum Computation with Ion Traps - Josephson Junctions and Quantum Computation - Quantum Computing in Optical Lattices - Quantum Computation and Quantum Communication with Electrons - NMR Quantum Computing.

Microcavities And Photonic Bandgaps Physics And Applications

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Author : J.G. Rarity
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Microcavities And Photonic Bandgaps Physics And Applications written by J.G. Rarity and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The control of optical modes in microcavities or in photonic bandgap (PBG) materials is coming of age! Although these ideas could have been developed some time ago, it is only recently that they have emerged, due to advances in both atomic physics and in fabrication techniques, be it on the high-quality dielectric mirrors required for high-finesse Fabry Perot resonators or in semiconductor multilayer deposition methods. Initially the principles of quantum electro-dynamics (QED) were demonstrated in elegant atomic physics experiments. Now solid-state implementations are being investigated, with several subtle differences from the atomic case such as those due to their continuum of electronic states or the near Boson nature of their elementary excitations, the exciton. Research into quantum optics brings us ever newer concepts with potential to improve system performance such as photon squeezing, quantum cryptography, reversible taps, photonic de Broglie waves and quantum computers. The possibility of implementing these ideas with solid-state systems gives us hope that some could indeed find their way to the market, demonstrating the continuing importance of basic research for applications, be it in a somewhat more focused way than in earlier times for funding.

Mesoscopic Electron Transport

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Author : Lydia L. Sohn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Mesoscopic Electron Transport written by Lydia L. Sohn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.

Ongoing developments in nanofabrication technology and the availability of novel materials have led to the emergence and evolution of new topics for mesoscopic research, including scanning-tunnelling microscopic studies of few-atom metallic clusters, discrete energy level spectroscopy, the prediction of Kondo-type physics in the transport properties of quantum dots, time dependent effects, and the properties of interacting systems, e.g. of Luttinger liquids. The overall understanding of each of these areas is still incomplete; nevertheless, with the foundations laid by studies in the more traditional systems there is no doubt that these new areas will advance mesoscopic electron transport to a new phenomenological level, both experimentally and theoretically. Mesoscopic Electron Transport highlights selected areas in the field, provides a comprehensive review of such systems, and also serves as an introduction to the new and developing areas of mesoscopic electron transport.

Nanoscale Science And Technology

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Author : N. García
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Nanoscale Science And Technology written by N. García and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Nanoscale Science and Technology summarizes six years of active research sponsored by NATO with the participation of the leading experts. The book provides an interdisciplinary view of several aspects of physics at the atomic scale. It contains an overview of the latest findings on the transport of electrons in nanowires and nanoconstrictions, the role of forces in probe microscopy, the control of structures and properties in the nanometer range, aspects of magnetization in nanometric structures, and local probes for nondestructive measurement as provided by light and metal clusters near atomic scales.

Correlated Fermions And Transport In Mesoscopic Systems

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Author : Thierry Martin
language : en
Publisher: Atlantica Séguier Frontières
Release Date : 1996

Correlated Fermions And Transport In Mesoscopic Systems written by Thierry Martin and has been published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Condensed matter categories.

Introduction To Mesoscopic Physics

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Author : Yoseph Imry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Introduction To Mesoscopic Physics written by Yoseph Imry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.

Mesoscopic physics refers to the physics of structures larger than a nanometer (one billionth of a meter) but smaller than a micrometer (one millionth of a meter). This size range is the stage on which the exciting new research on submicroscopic and electronic and mechanical devices is being done. This research often crosses the boundary between physics and engineering, since engineering such tiny electronic components requires a firm grasp of quantum physics. Applications for the future may include such wonders as microscopic robot surgeons that travel through the blood stream to repair clogged arteries, submicroscopic actuators and builders, and supercomputers that fit on the head of a pin. The world of the future is being planned and built by physicists, engineers, and chemists working in the microscopic realm. This book can be used as the main text in a course on mesoscopic physics or as a supplementary text in electronic devices, semiconductor devices, and condensed matter physics courses. For this new edition, the author has substantially updated and modified the material especially of chapters 3: Dephasing, 8: Noise in mesoscopic systems, and the concluding chapter 9.