Radionuclides In The Environment
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Behavior Of Radionuclides In The Environment I
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Author : Kenji Kato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-18
Behavior Of Radionuclides In The Environment I written by Kenji Kato and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The 3-volume set highlights the behavior of radionuclides in the environment and focusing on the development of related fields of study, including microbiology and nanoscience. In this context, it discusses the behavior of radionuclides released in areas of Lake Karachai in Ural, and those released as a result of Chernobyl accident (1986), and in Fukushima (2011). Volume I presents the experiences gained in South Urals (“Mayak” plant, Lake Karachai), providing a scientific basis for more precise understanding of the behavior of radionuclides in complex subsurface environments. On the basis of monitoring data, it examines the pathways of radionuclide migration and the influence of the geological environment and groundwater on the migration, with a particular focus on particles from the nanoscale to microscale. It also discusses the function of microbes and microscale particles, from their direct interaction with radionuclides to their ecological role in changing the physic-chemical condition of a given environment. Lastly, the protective properties of geological media are also characterized, and mathematical modeling of contaminant migration in the area of Lake Karachai is used to provide information regarding the migration of radionuclides.
Environmental Radionuclides
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Author : Klaus Froehlich
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2009-09-23
Environmental Radionuclides written by Klaus Froehlich and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-23 with Science categories.
Environmental Radionuclides presents a state-of-the-art summary of knowledge on the use of radionuclides to study processes and systems in the continental part of the Earth's environment. It is conceived as a companion to the two volumes of this series, which deal with isotopes as tracers in the marine environment (Livingston, Marine Radioactivity) and with the radioecology of natural and man-made terrestrial systems (Shaw, Radioactivity in Terrestrial Ecosystems). Although the book focuses on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (radioactive isotopes), it also refers to stable environmental isotopes, which in a variety of applications, especially in hydrology and climatology, have to be consulted to evaluate radionuclide measurements in terms of the ages of groundwater and climate archives, respectively. The basic principles underlying the various applications of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in environmental studies are described in the first part of the book. The book covers the two major groups of applications: the use of radionuclides as tracers for studying transport and mixing processes: and as time markers to address problems of the dynamics of such systems, manifested commonly as the so-called residence time in these systems. The applications range from atmospheric pollution studies, via water resource assessments to contributions to global climate change investigation. The third part of the book addresses new challenges in the development of new methodological approaches, including analytical methods and fields of applications. - A state-of-the-art summary of knowledge on the use of radionuclides - Conceived as a companion to the two volumes of this series, which deal with isotopes as tracers
Environmental Remediation And Restoration Of Contaminated Nuclear And Norm Sites
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Author : L van Velzen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-02-02
Environmental Remediation And Restoration Of Contaminated Nuclear And Norm Sites written by L van Velzen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nuclear sites become contaminated with radionuclides due to accidents and activities carried out without due consideration for the environment. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM) released by industrial processes such as coal power production and fertilizer manufacture may also require clean-up. Environmental remediation and restoration aim to reduce exposure to radiation from contaminated soil or groundwater. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this area. Part 1 provides an introduction to the different types of contaminated site and their characteristics. Part 2 addresses environmental restoration frameworks and processes. Part 3 then reviews different remediation techniques and methods of waste disposal. - Explores types and characteristics of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites - Provides an in depth guide to environmental restoration frameworks and processes including stakeholder involvement, risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis in the remediation and restoration of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites - Offers coverage of remediation techniques and waste disposal from electrokinetic remediation to in situ and ex situ bioremediation of radionuclides contaminated soils
Environmental Contamination From The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
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Author : Teruyuki Nakajima
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-15
Environmental Contamination From The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster written by Teruyuki Nakajima and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-15 with Science categories.
The 2011 disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station led to serious radioactive contamination of the environment. Due to transportation by seasonal wind and ocean currents, these radioactive materials have now been observed in many places in the Northern Hemisphere. This book provides a unique summary of the environmental impact of the unprecedented accident. It covers how radioactive materials were transported through the atmosphere, oceans and land. The techniques used to investigate the deposition and migration processes are also discussed including atmospheric observation, soil mapping, forest and ecosystem investigations, and numerical simulations. With chapters written by international experts, this is a crucial resource for researchers working on the dispersion and impact of radionuclides in the environment. It also provides essential knowledge for nuclear engineers, social scientists and policymakers to help develop suitable mitigation measures to prepare for similar large-scale natural hazards in the future.
Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : E. C. Freiling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Radionuclides In The Environment written by E. C. Freiling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Science categories.
Radioactivity In The Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Radioactivity In The Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Radioactive pollution categories.
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polonium
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-01-31
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polonium written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Polonium-210 is an alpha emitting radionuclide with no radioactive progeny and produces only very-low-intensity gamma rays at very low abundance. This means doses largely arise from internal exposure. In addition to the relatively high ingestion does coefficient of 210Po, radionuclide transfer in the environment results in high activity concentrations in certain foods. This publication focuses on radionuclide transfers in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, and provides information on key transfer processes, concepts and models--back cover.
Radionuclide Behaviour In The Natural Environment
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Author : Christophe Poinssot
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-09-20
Radionuclide Behaviour In The Natural Environment written by Christophe Poinssot and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Understanding radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is essential to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and key to assessing potential environmental risks reliably. Minimising those risks is essential to enhancing public confidence in nuclear technology. Scientific knowledge in this field has developed greatly over the last decade.Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration.After an introductory chapter, part one explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment, including aquatic chemistry and the impact of natural organic matter and microorganisms. Part two discusses the migration and radioecological behavior of radionuclides. Topics include hydrogeology, sorption and colloidal reactions as well as in-situ investigations. Principles of modelling coupled geochemical, transport and radioecological properties are also discussed. Part three covers application issues: assessment of radionuclide behaviour in contaminated sites, taking Chernobyl as an example, estimation of radiological exposure to the population, performance assessment considerations related to deep geological repositories, and remediation concepts for contaminated sites.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is an essential tool for all those interested or involved in nuclear energy, from researchers, designers and industrial operators to environmental scientists. It also provides a comprehensive guide for academics of all levels in this field. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration - Explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment - Discusses the migration and radioecological behaviour of radionuclides
Radionuclide Concentrations In Food And The Environment
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Author : Michael Poschl
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-08-21
Radionuclide Concentrations In Food And The Environment written by Michael Poschl and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-21 with Medical categories.
As radiological residue, both naturally occurring and technologically driven, works its way through the ecosystem, we see its negative effects on the human population. Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment addresses the key issues concerning the relationship between natural and manmade sources of environmental radioactivity
Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : Clemens Walther
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-30
Radionuclides In The Environment written by Clemens Walther and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-30 with Science categories.
This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.