Randomness Explained
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Randomness Explained
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Author : IntroBooks Team
language : en
Publisher: IntroBooks
Release Date :
Randomness Explained written by IntroBooks Team and has been published by IntroBooks this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Mathematics categories.
Randomness is a concept used (and less formally) in mathematics to imply that there is no way to accurately predict an event (to know what will happen before it takes place) or to sense a trend. Anything that is randomly selected for no conscious purpose can be assumed to be simply by chance factor. An illustration of an occurrence random event is a financial windfall, a lottery win. A computer can generate lists of seemingly random numbers. It is difficult for humans to do the same, since the brain functions in patterns. If someone is asked to keep repeating heads or tails at random, a considerate human observer or a reasonably programmed computer may eventually tell which one the person is likely to say next because the computer recognizes the patterns. The user can click on Random Page on a website such as English Wikipedia to get a random article. The odds of being on anyone's webpage are the same as on every other webpage.
Fooled By Randomness
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Author : Nassim Nicholas Taleb
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2007-05-03
Fooled By Randomness written by Nassim Nicholas Taleb and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-03 with Business & Economics categories.
'One of the smartest books of all time' Fortune Everyone wants to succeed in life. But what causes some of us to be more successful than others? Is it really down to skill and strategy - or something altogether more unpredictable? This book is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. It is all about luck- more precisely, how we perceive luck in our personal and professional experiences. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the markets - we hear an entrepreneur has 'vision' or a trader is 'talented', but all too often their performance is down to chance rather than skill. It is only because we fail to understand probability that we continue to believe events are non-random, finding reasons where none exist. This irreverent bestseller has shattered the illusions of people around the world by teaching them how to recognize randomness. Now it can do the same for you. Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a radical and paradoxical philosopher for our times. He has spent his life immersing himself in problems of luck, uncertainty, probability, and knowledge, and he has led three high-profile careers around his ideas, as a man of letters, as a businessman-trader, and as a university professor and researcher. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Risk Engineering at New York University's Polytechnic Institute. His books Fooled by Randomness and The Black Swan have been published in thirty-three languages. Taleb refuses all awards and honours as they debase knowledge by turning it into competitive sports.
The Great Mental Models General Thinking Concepts
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Author : Farnam Street
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-16
The Great Mental Models General Thinking Concepts written by Farnam Street and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-16 with categories.
The old saying goes, ''To the man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail.'' But anyone who has done any kind of project knows a hammer often isn't enough. The more tools you have at your disposal, the more likely you'll use the right tool for the job - and get it done right. The same is true when it comes to your thinking. The quality of your outcomes depends on the mental models in your head. And most people are going through life with little more than a hammer. Until now. The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts is the first book in The Great Mental Models series designed to upgrade your thinking with the best, most useful and powerful tools so you always have the right one on hand. This volume details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making, productivity, and how clearly you see the world. You will discover what forces govern the universe and how to focus your efforts so you can harness them to your advantage, rather than fight with them or worse yet- ignore them. Upgrade your mental toolbox and get the first volume today. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Farnam Street (FS) is one of the world's fastest growing websites, dedicated to helping our readers master the best of what other people have already figured out. We curate, examine and explore the timeless ideas and mental models that history's brightest minds have used to live lives of purpose. Our readers include students, teachers, CEOs, coaches, athletes, artists, leaders, followers, politicians and more. They're not defined by gender, age, income, or politics but rather by a shared passion for avoiding problems, making better decisions, and lifelong learning. AUTHOR HOME Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Decision Making Experiments Under A Philosophical Analysis Human Choice As A Challenge For Neuroscience
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Author : Gabriel José Corrêa Mograbi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-15
Decision Making Experiments Under A Philosophical Analysis Human Choice As A Challenge For Neuroscience written by Gabriel José Corrêa Mograbi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-15 with Decision making categories.
This introduction just aims to be a fast foreword to the special topic now turned into an e-book. The Editorial "Decision-Making Experiments under a Philosophical Analysis: Human Choice as a Challenge for Neuroscience" alongside with my opinion article "Neurophilosophical considerations on decision making: Pushing-up the frontiers without disregarding their foundations" play the real role of considering in more details the articles and the whole purpose of this e-book. What I must highlight in this foreword is that our intention with such a project was to deepen into the very foundations of our current paradigms in decision neuroscience and to philosophically moot its foundations and repercussions. Normal Science (a term coined by Philosopher Thomas Kuhn) works under a research consensus among a scientific community: A shared paradigm, consolidated methods, widespread convictions. Pragmatically, winning formulas must be kept, although, not at any cost. What differentiates a gifted and revolutionary scientist from a more bureaucratic colleague is the capacity and willingness of constantly reevaluating, depurating and refining his/her own paradigm. That is best strategy to avoid that a paradigm itself would gradually come under challenge. In my view, some achievements, in this sense, were brought about in our project. The e-book will be inspiring and informative for both neuroscientists that are concerned with the very foundations of their works and for philosophers that are not blind to empirical evidence. Kant once said: “Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind”. Paraphrasing Kant we could say: Philosophy without science is empty, science without philosophy is blind.
Probabilistic Thinking
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Author : Egan J. Chernoff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-05
Probabilistic Thinking written by Egan J. Chernoff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-05 with Education categories.
This volume provides a necessary, current and extensive analysis of probabilistic thinking from a number of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and psychologists. The work of 58 contributing authors, investigating probabilistic thinking across the globe, is encapsulated in 6 prefaces, 29 chapters and 6 commentaries. Ultimately, the four main perspectives presented in this volume (Mathematics and Philosophy, Psychology, Stochastics and Mathematics Education) are designed to represent probabilistic thinking in a greater context.
Handbook Of Statistics In Clinical Oncology Third Edition
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Author : John Crowley
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-03-26
Handbook Of Statistics In Clinical Oncology Third Edition written by John Crowley and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-26 with Mathematics categories.
Many new challenges have arisen in the area of oncology clinical trials. New cancer therapies are often based on cytostatic or targeted agents, which pose new challenges in the design and analysis of all phases of trials. The literature on adaptive trial designs and early stopping has been exploding. Inclusion of high-dimensional data and imaging techniques have become common practice, and statistical methods on how to analyse such data have been refined in this area. A compilation of statistical topics relevant to these new advances in cancer research, this third edition of Handbook of Statistics in Clinical Oncology focuses on the design and analysis of oncology clinical trials and translational research. Addressing the many challenges that have arisen since the publication of its predecessor, this third edition covers the newest developments involved in the design and analysis of cancer clinical trials, incorporating updates to all four parts: Phase I trials: Updated recommendations regarding the standard 3 + 3 and continual reassessment approaches, along with new chapters on phase 0 trials and phase I trial design for targeted agents. Phase II trials: Updates to current experience in single-arm and randomized phase II trial designs. New chapters include phase II designs with multiple strata and phase II/III designs. Phase III trials: Many new chapters include interim analyses and early stopping considerations, phase III trial designs for targeted agents and for testing the ability of markers, adaptive trial designs, cure rate survival models, statistical methods of imaging, as well as a thorough review of software for the design and analysis of clinical trials. Exploratory and high-dimensional data analyses: All chapters in this part have been thoroughly updated since the last edition. New chapters address methods for analyzing SNP data and for developing a score based on gene expression data. In addition, chapters on risk calculators and forensic bioinformatics have been added. Accessible to statisticians and oncologists interested in clinical trial methodology, the book is a single-source collection of up-to-date statistical approaches to research in clinical oncology.
Complexity Explained
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Author : Peter Erdi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-09
Complexity Explained written by Peter Erdi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is, of course about complexity. The title of the book, as you may recognize was motivated (excuse me for using this very mild expression) by Daniel Dennett’s Consciousness Explained [130]. Dennett’s intention was to explain consciousness as the emergent product of the interaction among c- stituents having physical and neural character. The goal of this book is to explain how various types of complexity emerge due to the interaction among constituents. There are many questions to be answered, how to understand, control, decompose, manage, predict the many-faced complexity. After tea- ing thissubjectforseveralyearsIfeelthatthe time hascome toputthe whole story together. The term “complex system” is a buzzword, but we certainly don’t have a single de?nition for it. There are several predominant features of compl- ity. Complex processes may show unpredictable behavior (which we still try to predict somehow), may lead to uncontrolled explosion (such in case of epilepsy, earthquake eruptions or stock market crashes). One of the char- teristic feature of simple systems is, that there is a single cause which implies a single e?ect. For large class of complex systems it is true that e?ects are fed back to modify causes. Biological cells belong to this class. Furthermore they are open to material, energetic and information ?ow by interaction with their environment, still they are organizationallyclosed units. Another aspect of complexity is the question how collective phenomena emerge by some se- organized mechanisms.
The Sam Harris Delusion
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Author : Mike Hockney
language : en
Publisher: Magus Books
Release Date : 2015-03-31
The Sam Harris Delusion written by Mike Hockney and has been published by Magus Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-31 with Philosophy categories.
There are two kinds of intellectual: Philosophers and Sophists. The former seek the absolute truth while the latter seek the "practical" truth that brings them worldly prestige and success. The weak-minded are far more influenced by Sophists than Philosophers, to the severe detriment of the intellectual progress of humanity. Philosophers have a position based on rationalism, idealism, metaphysics and mathematics, while Sophists hold a position reflecting empiricism, materialism, physics and science. One of the most prominent Sophists in today's world is Sam Harris, an American controversialist who supports scientism, atheism, and the claim that free will is illusory. All of his positions are closely connected, and the purpose of this book is to expose the fallacies that lie at the heart of the Sophists' worldview, and Harris's in particular. Ultimately, the difference between Philosophy and Sophistry reduces to the difference between mathematics and science, and how each relates to ultimate reality.
Foundations Of Science
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Author : Norman Robert Campbell
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-03-23
Foundations Of Science written by Norman Robert Campbell and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with Science categories.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1919.
Understanding Your Game A Mathematician S Advice For Rational And Safe Gambling
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Author : Catalin Barboianu
language : en
Publisher: PhilScience Press
Release Date : 2022-04-15
Understanding Your Game A Mathematician S Advice For Rational And Safe Gambling written by Catalin Barboianu and has been published by PhilScience Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-15 with Mathematics categories.
Dr. Cătălin Bărboianu, a recognized authority in gaming mathematics, philosopher of science, and problem-gambling researcher, proposes in this practical guide for both problem and non-problem gamblers a new pragmatic, conceptual approach of gambling mathematics. The primary aim of this guide is the adequate understanding of the essence and complexity of gambling through its mathematical dimension. The author starts from the premise that formal gambling mathematics, which is hardly even digestible for the non-math-inclined gamblers, is ineffective alone in correcting the specific cognitive distortions associated with gambling. By applying the latest research results in this field, the author blends the gambling-mathematics concepts with the epistemology of applied mathematics and cognitive psychology for providing gamblers the knowledge required for rational and safe gambling. It is not a standard book of gambling mathematics. The essential mathematical concepts are explained in a conceptual mode for the non-math reader, limited to their context of application and including their precise relationship with the real world of gambling. The entire mathematical dimension of gambling is reduced to seven general principles, explained at large in the seven main chapters, each generating a set of general recommendations applicable in general or in particular situations. These recommendations cover both the technical play, including objective and optimal strategies, and responsible, safe gambling. The guide has entire sections dedicated to roulette, blackjack, slots, poker, and sport betting; however, the principles and the associated advice are applicable in general to all games of chance. A major focus of the work is on explaining, making aware of, demounting, and correcting the classical gambling cognitive distortions (misconceptions, subjective estimations of probabilities, the Monte Carlo fallacy, conjunction and disjunction fallacies, the near-miss effect, illusion of control, and the misunderstanding of gambling language). The guide provides the required cognitive tools for correcting these distortions with the help of the mathematical concepts and addresses not only gamblers, but also gambling experts, including counselors.