Rationality And Interpretation
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Rationality And Explanation In Economics
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Author : Maurice Lagueux
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-02-28
Rationality And Explanation In Economics written by Maurice Lagueux and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Economical questions indisputably occupy a central place in everyday life. In order to clarify these questions, people generally turn to those who are familiar with economics. In answering such legitimate questions, economists propose explanations which rest on a few principles among which the rationality principle is by far the most fundamental. This principle assumes that people are rational, but what is meant by this has to be specified. Rationality and Explanation in Economics claims that only a minimal kind of rationality is required to ‘animate’ economic explanations. However, such a conception of rationality faces serious objections: it is closely associated with harshly criticised methodological individualism and it is not easily disentangled from sheer irrationality. The book answers these objections and shows that the economists’ way of mobilising the concepts of maximization or of consistency for defining rationality raises more serious problems. Since the latter have encouraged various attempts to downgrade or even to dispense with the very notion of rationality, the book is largely devoted to countering arguments associated with these attempts and to show why postulating that agents are rational is still the only efficient way to explain economic phenomena as such. The author also proposes original views about the role of rationality, the meaning of methodological individualism, the relevance of the selection argument and the relation between ‘rational’ explanations of economics and explanations in natural sciences.
Rationality In Politics And Its Limits
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Author : Terry Nardin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-02
Rationality In Politics And Its Limits written by Terry Nardin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-02 with Political Science categories.
The word ‘rationality’ and its cognates, like ‘reason’, have multiple contexts and connotations. Rational calculation can be contrasted with rational interpretation. There is the rationality of proof and of persuasion, of tradition and of the criticism of tradition. Rationalism (and rationalists) can be reasonable or unreasonable. Reason is sometimes distinguished from revelation, superstition, convention, prejudice, emotion, and chance, but all of these also involve reasoning. In politics, three views of rationality – economic, moral, and historical – have been especially important, often defining approaches to politics and political theory such as utilitarianism and rational choice theory. These approaches privilege positive or natural law, responsibilities, or human rights, and emphasize the importance of culture and tradition, and therefore meaning and context. This book explores the understanding of rationality in politics and the relations between different approaches to rationality. Among the topics considered are the limits of rationality, the role of imagination and emotion in politics, the meaning of political realism, the nature of political judgment, and the relationship between theory and practice. This book was originally published as a special issue of Global Discourse.
Trust And Rationality
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Author : Stephan Alexander Rompf
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Trust And Rationality written by Stephan Alexander Rompf and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with Social Science categories.
Combining economic, social-psychological and sociological approaches to trust, this book provides a general theoretical framework to causally explain conditional and unconditional trust; it also presents an experimental test of the corresponding integrative model and its predictions. Broadly, it aims at advancing a cognitive turn in trust research by highlighting the importance of (1) an actor ́s context-dependent definition of the situation and (2) the flexible and dynamic degree of rationality involved. In essence, trust is as “multi-faceted” as there are cognitive routes that take us to the choice of a trusting act. Therefore, variable rationality has to be incorporated as an orthogonal dimension to the typological space of trust. The theory presents an analytically tractable model; the empirical test combines trust games, high- and low-incentive conditions, framing manipulations, and psychometric measurements, and is complemented by decision-time analyses.
Rationality And The Environment
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Author : Bo Elling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-05-04
Rationality And The Environment written by Bo Elling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-04 with Architecture categories.
Environmental assessment and management involve the production of scientific knowledge and its use in decision-making processes. The result is that within these essentially rational, political assessment frameworks, experts are creating and applying scientific knowledge for decision and management purposes that actually have strong ethical and aesthetic dimensions. Yet these rational political frameworks lack the tools to provide guidance on ethical and aesthetic issues that affect the wider public. This revolutionary work argues that ethical and aesthetic dimensions can only be brought into environmental politics and policies by citizens actively taking a stand on the specific matters in question. The author draws on Habermas trisection of rationality as cognitive-instrumental, moral-practical and aesthetic-expressive, to suggest that truly effective environmental policy needs to activate all three approaches and not favour only the rational. To achieve this objective, the author argues that public participation in environmental policy and assessment is necessary to counteract the dictatorship of technical and economic instrumentality in environmental policy - the failure to take ethical and aesthetic rationalities into account - and, more importantly, how such policy is applied on the ground to shape our natural and material world.
Collective Rationality And Collective Reasoning
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Author : Christopher McMahon
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-08-06
Collective Rationality And Collective Reasoning written by Christopher McMahon and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-06 with Philosophy categories.
"This book examines the issue of rational cooperation, especially cooperation between people with conflicting moral commitments. The first part considers how the two main aspects of cooperation - the choice by a group of a particular cooperative scheme and the decision by each member to contribute to that scheme - can be understood as guided by reason. The second part explores how the activity of reasoning itself can take a cooperative form. The book is distinctive in offering an account of what people can accomplish by reasoning together, of the role of deliberation in democratic decision making, and of the negotiation of the proper use of concepts. Presenting for the first time a detailed analysis of the general problem of cooperation and collective reasoning between people with different moral commitments, this book will be of particular interest to philosophers of the social sciences and to students in political science, sociology and economics." --Cambridge Press.
Media Of Reason
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Author : Matthias Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2012-11-06
Media Of Reason written by Matthias Vogel and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-06 with Philosophy categories.
Matthias Vogel challenges the belief, dominant in contemporary philosophy, that reason is determined solely by our discursive, linguistic abilities as communicative beings. In his view, the medium of language is not the only force of reason. Music, art, and other nonlinguistic forms of communication and understanding are also significant. Introducing an expansive theory of mind that accounts for highly sophisticated, penetrative media, Vogel advances a novel conception of rationality while freeing philosophy from its exclusive attachment to linguistics. Vogel's media of reason treats all kinds of understanding and thought, propositional and nonpropositional, as important to the processes and production of knowledge and thinking. By developing an account of rationality grounded in a new conception of media, he raises the profile of the prelinguistic and nonlinguistic dimensions of rationality and advances the Enlightenment project, buffering it against the postmodern critique that the movement fails to appreciate aesthetic experience. Guided by the work of Jürgen Habermas, Donald Davidson, and a range of media theorists, including Marshall McLuhan, Vogel rebuilds, if he does not remake, the relationship among various forms of media—books, movies, newspapers, the Internet, and television—while offering an original and exciting contribution to media theory.
Evolution And Rationality
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-06-21
Evolution And Rationality written by Samir Okasha and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-21 with Science categories.
This volume explores from multiple perspectives the subtle and interesting relationship between the theory of rational choice and Darwinian evolution. In rational choice theory, agents are assumed to make choices that maximize their utility; in evolution, natural selection 'chooses' between phenotypes according to the criterion of fitness maximization. So there is a parallel between utility in rational choice theory and fitness in Darwinian theory. This conceptual link between fitness and utility is mirrored by the interesting parallels between formal models of evolution and rational choice. The essays in this volume, by leading philosophers, economists, biologists and psychologists, explore the connection between evolution and rational choice in a number of different contexts, including choice under uncertainty, strategic decision making and pro-social behaviour. They will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science, evolutionary biology, economics and psychology.
The Historiography Of Grammatical Concepts
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Author : Els Elffers-van Ketel
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2024-08-26
The Historiography Of Grammatical Concepts written by Els Elffers-van Ketel and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Normativity Rationality And Reasoning
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Author : John Broome
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-09-01
Normativity Rationality And Reasoning written by John Broome and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-01 with Philosophy categories.
This volume is a selection of Broome's recent papers on normativity, rationality, and reasoning. It covers a variety of topics such as the meanings of 'ought', 'reason', and 'reasons'; the fundamental structure of normativity and the metaphysical priority of ought over reasons; the ownership - or agent-relativity - of oughts and reasons; the distinction between rationality and normativity; the notion of rational motivation; what characterizes the human activity of reasoning, and what is the role of normativity within it; the nature of preferences and of reasoning with preferences; and others. These papers extend the work presented in his book Rationality Through Reasoning but there is little overlap between their content and the book's. They develop further some themes and arguments from the book, and answer some questions that the book left unanswered.
Interpretation And Understanding
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Author : Marcelo Dascal
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Interpretation And Understanding written by Marcelo Dascal and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Our species has been searching for meaning throughout its evolutionary development. For us to understand one another, we must embark on a complex interpretative process. The aim of this text is to provide a theory of understanding and interpretation to clarify this communicative process.