Rationality In Context
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Bounded Rationality
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Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2002-07-26
Bounded Rationality written by Gerd Gigerenzer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-26 with Business & Economics categories.
In a complex and uncertain world, humans and animals make decisions under the constraints of limited knowledge, resources, and time. Yet models of rational decision making in economics, cognitive science, biology, and other fields largely ignore these real constraints and instead assume agents with perfect information and unlimited time. About forty years ago, Herbert Simon challenged this view with his notion of "bounded rationality." Today, bounded rationality has become a fashionable term used for disparate views of reasoning. This book promotes bounded rationality as the key to understanding how real people make decisions. Using the concept of an "adaptive toolbox," a repertoire of fast and frugal rules for decision making under uncertainty, it attempts to impose more order and coherence on the idea of bounded rationality. The contributors view bounded rationality neither as optimization under constraints nor as the study of people's reasoning fallacies. The strategies in the adaptive toolbox dispense with optimization and, for the most part, with calculations of probabilities and utilities. The book extends the concept of bounded rationality from cognitive tools to emotions; it analyzes social norms, imitation, and other cultural tools as rational strategies; and it shows how smart heuristics can exploit the structure of environments.
Risk And Rationality
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Author : Lara Buchak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-05-18
Risk And Rationality written by Lara Buchak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-18 with categories.
Lara Buchak sets out a new account of rational decision-making in the face of risk. She argues that the orthodox view (expected utility theory) is too narrow, and suggests an alternative, more permissive theory: one that allows individuals to pay attention to the worst-case or best-case scenario, and vindicates the ordinary decision-maker.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques For Rational Decision Making
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Author : Tshilidzi Marwala
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-20
Artificial Intelligence Techniques For Rational Decision Making written by Tshilidzi Marwala and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-20 with Computers categories.
Develops insights into solving complex problems in engineering, biomedical sciences, social science and economics based on artificial intelligence. Some of the problems studied are in interstate conflict, credit scoring, breast cancer diagnosis, condition monitoring, wine testing, image processing and optical character recognition. The author discusses and applies the concept of flexibly-bounded rationality which prescribes that the bounds in Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon’s bounded rationality theory are flexible due to advanced signal processing techniques, Moore’s Law and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making examines and defines the concepts of causal and correlation machines and applies the transmission theory of causality as a defining factor that distinguishes causality from correlation. It develops the theory of rational counterfactuals which are defined as counterfactuals that are intended to maximize the attainment of a particular goal within the context of a bounded rational decision making process. Furthermore, it studies four methods for dealing with irrelevant information in decision making: Theory of the marginalization of irrelevant information Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Automatic relevance determination method In addition it studies the concept of group decision making and various ways of effecting group decision making within the context of artificial intelligence. Rich in methods of artificial intelligence including rough sets, neural networks, support vector machines, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, incremental learning and fuzzy networks, this book will be welcomed by researchers and students working in these areas.
Rationality Within Modern Psychological Theory
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Author : James A. Harold
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2016-06-15
Rationality Within Modern Psychological Theory written by James A. Harold and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-15 with Psychology categories.
Rationality within Modern Psychological Theory examines the rational and irrational dimensions of human nature and of the psyche and logos through the lenses of classical philosophy and modern psychology.
Rational Choice Theory And Organizational Theory
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Author : Mary Zey
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Release Date : 1998-01-12
Rational Choice Theory And Organizational Theory written by Mary Zey and has been published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-01-12 with Business & Economics categories.
An ambitious new work by a well-respected economic sociologist, Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique, offers a new perspective on the strategy and actions of organizations. In merging economic, psychological, and sociological literature as they focus on organizations, author Mary Zey contends that a historical political economy contingency theory provides the key to understanding how organizations function and the relationships between individuals and organizations in which they work. She brings to our attention that economic and other types of organizations differ in their behavior from rational individuals and rational markets. Zey integrates macro- and micro-levels of analysis while drawing together internal and external contingencies to explain how decisions are taken. Zey interprets, synthesizes, and critiques the important work of renowned scholars of rational choice, finance, and organizations including James March, Michael Jensen, and Oliver Williamson to analyze corporate decision making, differentiating it from individual decision making. The analysis is distinguished by inclusive thinking and new approaches to issues that have long confronted those who think about, theorize about, work with, and manage organizations. Mary ZeyÆs work expands the understanding of decision making by presenting evidence that points to the wide range and complexity of human decision making. The rational choice theorists, led most notably by Oliver Williamson and James Coleman, adhere to the tenets of transaction cost analysis and agency theory when looking at micro- and macro-level decisions made by people and organizations. Other models of decision making (habit, emotion, moral and ethical values, among others) have been labeled as deviations from formal rationality. Mary Zey calls these "deviations" alternative motives behind decision making, and her books are an attempt to present the leading work from this point of view. Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique is the first single-authored volume to analyze and present an alternative model to decision making theory and serves as a companion to Decision Making (Sage, 1992). Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory will be useful to professors and students of decision making theory, organizational theory, sociology of organizations, and social theory.
Rationality Institutions And Economic Methodology
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Author : Bo Gustafsson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1993-06-17
Rationality Institutions And Economic Methodology written by Bo Gustafsson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Looks at ways to increase the scope and power of institutional economics. Different approaches to economic methodology are considered and the broader notions of rationality offered by institutional economics are discussed.
Values Rationality And Power Developing Organizational Wisdom
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Author : Brad C. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2019-10-21
Values Rationality And Power Developing Organizational Wisdom written by Brad C. Anderson and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents an analysis of organizational wisdom via an embedded single case study of a group's attempt to develop and spread a medical innovation within a Canadian healthcare authority. By offering a unique insight into how values, rationality, and power interact in a real social setting, the book explores how they create positive change.
Meaning In Culture
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Author : F. Allan Hanson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2004
Meaning In Culture written by F. Allan Hanson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Social Science categories.
Meaning in Culture discusses the question of whether 'culture' refers to some superorganic entity that exists in its own right, or is only convenient short-hand for the shared beliefs and behaviour of human individuals. It also investigates the problem of relativism and explores the question of whether anthropology and the other social sciences are really scientific. First published in 1975.
Rationality Rules And Ideals
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Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Release Date : 2002
Rationality Rules And Ideals written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Philosophy categories.
A collection of essays by prestigious authors discussing the work of Bernard Gert, Stone Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth College.
Rationality And Logic
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Author : Robert Hanna
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Book
Release Date : 2006
Rationality And Logic written by Robert Hanna and has been published by Bradford Book this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Logic categories.
In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive "logic faculty." Hanna's claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or "topic-neutral" science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology. --From publisher's description.