Reactive Power Support Using Photovoltaic Systems

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Reactive Power Support Using Photovoltaic Systems

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Author : Oktoviano Gandhi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-06

Reactive Power Support Using Photovoltaic Systems written by Oktoviano Gandhi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.

With the widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems across the world, many researchers, industry players, and regulators have been exploring the use of reactive power from PV to support the grid. This thesis is the first to comprehensively quantify and analyse the techno-economic cost and benefits of reactive power support using PV. On top of formulating the cost of PV reactive power and identifying the feasible range of its monetary incentives, this thesis has also proposed practical methods to implement the reactive power dispatch effectively and efficiently, with and without communication infrastructure. The findings and approaches in this work can therefore help power system planners and operators towards better integration of PV into the electrical grid, both in terms of regulation and implementation.

Modelling Control And Stability Analysis Of Photovoltaic Systems In Power System Dynamic Studies

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Author : Gustav Lammert
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2019

Modelling Control And Stability Analysis Of Photovoltaic Systems In Power System Dynamic Studies written by Gustav Lammert and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This thesis investigates the impact of: i) the low voltage ride-through and dynamic voltage support capability; ii) the active current recovery rate; iii) the local voltage control; and iv) the plant-level voltage control of large-scale photovoltaic systems on short-term voltage stability and fault-induced delayed voltage recovery as well as transient and frequency stability. The power system dynamic performance is analysed using state-of-the-art methods, such as phasor mode time-domain simulations and the calculation of the critical clearing time that determines the stability margin. Moreover, the recently developed Kullback-Leibler divergence measure is applied to assess the quality of the voltage recovery. Drawbacks of this metric are outlined and a novel metric, the so-called voltage recovery index, is defined that quantifies the delayed voltage recovery more systematically. The studies are performed with a generic photovoltaic system model and typical model parameters are used that were determined in collaboration with a manufacturer. The stability analysis is performed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory using: i) a one-load infinite-bus system; and ii) an IEEE multi-machine voltage stability test system, namely the Nordic test system. The results show that with the adequate control of photovoltaic systems, power system dynamic performance can be significantly improved.

Voltage Stability Impact Of Grid Tied Photovoltaic Systems Utilizing Dynamic Reactive Power Control

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Author : Adedamola Omole
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Voltage Stability Impact Of Grid Tied Photovoltaic Systems Utilizing Dynamic Reactive Power Control written by Adedamola Omole and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

ABSTRACT: Photovoltaic (PV) DGs can be optimized to provide reactive power support to the grid, although this feature is currently rarely utilized as most DG systems are designed to operate with unity power factor and supply real power only to the grid. In this work, the voltage stability of a power system embedded with PV DG is examined in the context of the high reactive power requirement after a voltage sag or fault. A real-time dynamic multi-function power controller that enables renewable source PV DGs to provide the reactive power support necessary to maintain the voltage stability of the microgrid, and consequently, the wider power system is proposed. The loadability limit necessary to maintain the voltage stability of an interconnected microgrid is determined by using bifurcation analysis to test for the singularity of the network Jacobian and load differential equations with and without the contribution of the DG. The maximum and minimum real and reactive power support permissible from the DG is obtained from the loadability limit and used as the limiting factors in controlling the real and reactive power contribution from the PV source. The designed controller regulates the voltage output based on instantaneous power theory at the point-of-common coupling (PCC) while the reactive power supply is controlled by means of the power factor and reactive current droop method. The control method is implemented in a modified IEEE 13-bus test feeder system using PSCAD® power system analysis software and is applied to the model of a Tampa Electric PV installation at Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, FL. This dissertation accomplishes the systematic analysis of the voltage impact of a PV DG-embedded power distribution system. The method employed in this work bases the contribution of the PV resource on the voltage stability margins of the microgrid rather than the commonly used loss-of-load probability (LOLP) and effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) measures. The results of the proposed method show good improvement in the before-, during-, and post-start voltage levels at the motor terminals. The voltage stability margin approach provides the utility a more useful measure in sizing and locating PV resources to support the overall power system stability in an emerging smart grid.

Smart Solar Pv Inverters With Advanced Grid Support Functionalities

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Author : Rajiv K. Varma
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-12-21

Smart Solar Pv Inverters With Advanced Grid Support Functionalities written by Rajiv K. Varma and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with Science categories.

Learn the fundamentals of smart photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology with this insightful one-stop resource Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities presents a comprehensive coverage of smart PV inverter technologies in alleviating grid integration challenges of solar PV systems and for additionally enhancing grid reliability. Accomplished author Rajiv Varma systematically integrates information from the wealth of knowledge on smart inverters available from EPRI, NREL, NERC, SIWG, EU-PVSEC, CIGRE, IEEE publications; and utility experiences worldwide. The book further presents a novel, author-developed and patented smart inverter technology for utilizing solar PV plants both in the night and day as a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller STATCOM, named PV-STATCOM. Replete with case studies, this book includes over 600 references and 280 illustrations. Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities’ features include: Concepts of active and reactive power control; description of different smart inverter functions, and modeling of smart PV inverter systems Distribution system applications of PV-STATCOM for dynamic voltage control, enhancing connectivity of solar PV and wind farms, and stabilization of critical motors Transmission system applications of PV-STATCOM for improving power transfer capacity, power oscillation damping (POD), suppression of subsynchronous oscillations, mitigation of fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR), and fast frequency response (FFR) with POD Hosting capacity for solar PV systems, its enhancement through effective settings of different smart inverter functions; and control coordination of smart PV inverters Emerging smart inverter grid support functions and their pioneering field demonstrations worldwide, including Canada, USA, UK, Chile, China, and India. Perfect for system planners and system operators, utility engineers, inverter manufacturers and solar farm developers, this book will prove to be an important resource for academics and graduate students involved in electrical power and renewable energy systems.

Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies In Distribution Grids With Photovoltaic Systems

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Author : Stetz, Thomas
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2014-01-01

Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies In Distribution Grids With Photovoltaic Systems written by Stetz, Thomas and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-01 with Electric power distribution categories.

This thesis analyzes the technical and economic potential of autonomous voltage control strategies for improving distribution grid operation with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Key issues include: The simultaneity of local photovoltaic generation and local consumption as well as its influence on reverse power flows.The theoretical potential of autonomous voltage control strategies to increase a grid’s hosting capacity for additional photovoltaic generation.Stability analyses of a voltage-dependent combined active and reactive power control strategy for photovoltaic inverters.The cost savings potential (CAPEX & OPEX) of autonomous voltage control strategies, compared to traditional grid reinforcement measures. The results suggest that autonomous voltage control strategies can be used to improve the technical and economic distribution grid integration of PV systems. If applied appropriately, these strategies are capable of deferring grid reinforcement measures and hence shifting investment costs to future points in time. Of all investigated autonomous voltage control strategies, the on-load tap changer voltage control and a combined Q(V)/P(V) PV inverter control strategy showed the most promising results, from a technical and an economic perspective.

Reactive Power Considerations In Reliability Analysis Of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

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Author : Dattatray Nivritti Gaikwad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Reactive Power Considerations In Reliability Analysis Of Solar Photovoltaic Systems written by Dattatray Nivritti Gaikwad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Modeling And Analysis Of Three Phase Grid Tied Photovoltaic Systems

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Author : Anand Narayanan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Modeling And Analysis Of Three Phase Grid Tied Photovoltaic Systems written by Anand Narayanan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Distributed generation of electric power categories.

Market acceptability of distributed energy resource (DER) technologies and the gradual and consistent increase in their depth of penetration have generated significant interest over the past few years. In particular, in Arizona and several other states there has been a substantial in-crease in distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation interfaced to the power distribution systems, and is expected to continue to grow at a significant rate. This has made integration, control and optimal operation of DER units a main area of focus in the design and operation of distribution systems. Grid-connected, distributed PV covers a wide range of power levels ranging from small, single phase residential roof-top systems to large three-phase, multi-megawatt systems. The focus of this work is on analyzing large, three-phase systems, with the power distribution system of the Arizona State University (ASU) Tempe campus used as the test bed for analysis and simulation. The Tempe campus of ASU has presently 4.5 MW of installed PV capacity, with another 4.5 MW expected to be added by 2011, which will represent about 22% of PV penetration. The PV systems are interfaced to the grid invariably by a power electronic inverter. Many of the important characteristics of the PV generation are influenced by the design and performance of the inverter, and hence suitable models of the inverter are needed to analyze PV systems. Several models of distributed generation (DG), including switching and average models, suitable for different study objectives, and different control modes of the inverter have been described in this thesis. A critical function of the inverters is to quickly detect and eliminate unintentional islands during grid failure. In this thesis, many active anti-islanding techniques with voltage and frequency positive feedback have been studied. Effectiveness of these techniques in terms of the tripping times specified in IEEE Std. 1547 for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems has been analyzed. The impact of distributed PV on the voltage profile of a distribution system has been ana-lyzed with ASU system as the test bed using power systems analysis tools namely PowerWorld and CYMDIST. The present inverters complying with IEEE 1547 do not regulate the system vol-tage. However, the future inverters especially at higher power levels are expected to perform sev-eral grid support functions including voltage regulation and reactive power support. Hence, the impact of inverters with the reactive power support capabilities is also analyzed. Various test sce-narios corresponding to different grid conditions are simulated and it is shown that distributed PV improves the voltage profile of the system. The improvements are more significant when the PV generators are capable of reactive power support. Detailed short circuit analyses are also per-formed on the system, and the impact of distributed PV on the fault current magnitude, with and without reactive power injection, have been studied.

Grid Converters For Photovoltaic And Wind Power Systems

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Author : Remus Teodorescu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-07-28

Grid Converters For Photovoltaic And Wind Power Systems written by Remus Teodorescu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Grid converters are the key player in renewable energy integration. The high penetration of renewable energy systems is calling for new more stringent grid requirements. As a consequence, the grid converters should be able to exhibit advanced functions like: dynamic control of active and reactive power, operation within a wide range of voltage and frequency, voltage ride-through capability, reactive current injection during faults, grid services support. This book explains the topologies, modulation and control of grid converters for both photovoltaic and wind power applications. In addition to power electronics, this book focuses on the specific applications in photovoltaic wind power systems where grid condition is an essential factor. With a review of the most recent grid requirements for photovoltaic and wind power systems, the book discusses these other relevant issues: modern grid inverter topologies for photovoltaic and wind turbines islanding detection methods for photovoltaic systems synchronization techniques based on second order generalized integrators (SOGI) advanced synchronization techniques with robust operation under grid unbalance condition grid filter design and active damping techniques power control under grid fault conditions, considering both positive and negative sequences Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems is intended as a coursebook for graduated students with a background in electrical engineering and also for professionals in the evolving renewable energy industry. For people from academia interested in adopting the course, a set of slides is available for download from the website. www.wiley.com/go/grid_converters

Local Control Of Reactive Power By Distributed Photovoltaic Generators

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Local Control Of Reactive Power By Distributed Photovoltaic Generators written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

High penetration levels of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation on an electrical distribution circuit may severely degrade power quality due to voltage sags and swells caused by rapidly varying PV generation during cloud transients coupled with the slow response of existing utility compensation and regulation equipment. Although not permitted under current standards for interconnection of distributed generation, fast-reacting, VAR-capable PV inverters may provide the necessary reactive power injection or consumption to maintain voltage regulation under difficult transient conditions. As side benefit, the control of reactive power injection at each PV inverter provides an opportunity and a new tool for distribution utilities to optimize the performance of distribution circuits, e.g. by minimizing thermal losses. We suggest a local control scheme that dispatches reactive power from each PV inverter based on local instantaneous measurements of the real and reactive components of the consumed power and the real power generated by the PVs. Using one adjustable parameter per circuit, we balance the requirements on power quality and desire to minimize thermal losses. Numerical analysis of two exemplary systems, with comparable total PV generation albeit a different spatial distribution, show how to adjust the optimization parameter depending on the goal. Overall, this local scheme shows excellent performance; it's capable of guaranteeing acceptable power quality and achieving significant saving in thermal losses in various situations even when the renewable generation in excess of the circuit own load, i.e. feeding power back to the higher-level system.

Design And Control Of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System

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Author : Ahteshamul Haque
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-04-28

Design And Control Of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System written by Ahteshamul Haque and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The current model for electricity generation and distribution is dominated by centralized power plants which are typically associated with combustion (coal, oil, and natural gas) or nuclear generation units. These power models require distribution from the center to outlying consumers and have many disadvantages concerning the electric utilities, transmission and distribution, and greenhouse gas emissions. This resulted in the modelling and development of cleaner renewable power generation with alternative sources such as photovoltaic (PV), wind, and other sources. Further, due to matured PV technology, constant drop-in installation cost, greenhouse emissions reductions, energy efficiency, reduced transmission and distribution investments, minimization of electric losses, and network support, the development of PV systems is proliferating. In view of this development, this book provides an idea for setting up the PV plant from initial study of the site to plan sizing. Once the first planning is covered, the book focuses on the modeling aspects of power electronics converter and control elements associated with it keeping the operating standards specified for the development of distributed generation systems in check. This book will be useful for industrial professionals and researchers who are working toward modeling of PV plants, and their control in grid connected operation. All the necessary information related to these fields is available in the book.