Real Time Inverter Simulation With Grid Support Capability To Meet Ieee 1547 Compliance
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Real Time Inverter Simulation With Grid Support Capability To Meet Ieee 1547 Compliance
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Author : Shashank Mathur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Real Time Inverter Simulation With Grid Support Capability To Meet Ieee 1547 Compliance written by Shashank Mathur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Experimental Evaluation Of Pv Inverter Anti Islanding With Grid Support Functions In Multi Inverter Island Scenarios
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Experimental Evaluation Of Pv Inverter Anti Islanding With Grid Support Functions In Multi Inverter Island Scenarios written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
As PV and other DER systems are connected to the grid at increased penetration levels, island detection may become more challenging for two reasons: 1.) In islands containing many DERs, active inverter-based anti-islanding methods may have more difficulty detecting islands because each individual inverter's efforts to detect the island may be interfered with by the other inverters in the island. 2.) The increasing numbers of DERs are leading to new requirements that DERs ride through grid disturbances and even actively try to regulate grid voltage and frequency back towards nominal operating conditions. These new grid support requirements may directly or indirectly interfere with anti-islanding controls. This report describes a series of tests designed to examine the impacts of both grid support functions and multi-inverter islands on anti-islanding effectiveness. Crucially, the multi-inverter anti-islanding tests described in this report examine scenarios with multiple inverters connected to multiple different points on the grid. While this so-called 'solar subdivision' scenario has been examined to some extent through simulation, this is the first known work to test it using hardware inverters. This was accomplished through the use of power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation, which allows the hardware inverters to be connected to a real-time transient simulation of an electric power system that can be easily reconfigured to test various distribution circuit scenarios. The anti-islanding test design was a modified version of the unintentional islanding test in IEEE Standard 1547.1, which creates a balanced, resonant island with the intent of creating a highly challenging condition for island detection. Three common, commercially available single-phase PV inverters from three different manufacturers were tested. The first part of this work examined each inverter individually using a series of pure hardware resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) resonant load based anti-islanding tests to determine the worst-case configuration of grid support functions for each inverter. A grid support function is a function an inverter performs to help stabilize the grid or drive the grid back towards its nominal operating point. The four grid support functions examined here were voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through, Volt-VAr control, and frequency-Watt control. The worst-case grid support configuration was defined as the configuration that led to the maximum island duration (or run-on time, ROT) out of 50 tests of each inverter. For each of the three inverters, it was observed that maximum ROT increased when voltage and frequency ride-through were activated. No conclusive evidence was found that Volt-VAr control or frequency-Watt control increased maximum ROT. Over all single-inverter test cases, the maximum ROT was 711 ms, well below the two-second limit currently imposed by IEEE Standard 1547-2003. A subsequent series of 244 experiments tested all three inverters simultaneously in the same island. These tests again used a procedure based on the IEEE 1547.1 unintentional islanding test to create a difficult-to-detect island condition. For these tests, which used the two worst-case grid support function configurations from the single-inverter tests, the inverters were connected to a variety of island circuit topologies designed to represent the variety of multiple-inverter islands that may occur on real distribution circuits. The interconnecting circuits and the resonant island load itself were represented in the real-time PHIL model. PHIL techniques similar to those employed here have been previously used and validated for anti-islanding tests, and the PHIL resonant load model used in this test was successfully validated by comparing single-inverter PHIL tests to conventional tests using an RLC load bank.
Smart Solar Pv Inverters With Advanced Grid Support Functionalities
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Author : Rajiv K. Varma
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Smart Solar Pv Inverters With Advanced Grid Support Functionalities written by Rajiv K. Varma and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with Science categories.
Learn the fundamentals of smart photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology with this insightful one-stop resource Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities presents a comprehensive coverage of smart PV inverter technologies in alleviating grid integration challenges of solar PV systems and for additionally enhancing grid reliability. Accomplished author Rajiv Varma systematically integrates information from the wealth of knowledge on smart inverters available from EPRI, NREL, NERC, SIWG, EU-PVSEC, CIGRE, IEEE publications; and utility experiences worldwide. The book further presents a novel, author-developed and patented smart inverter technology for utilizing solar PV plants both in the night and day as a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller STATCOM, named PV-STATCOM. Replete with case studies, this book includes over 600 references and 280 illustrations. Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities’ features include: Concepts of active and reactive power control; description of different smart inverter functions, and modeling of smart PV inverter systems Distribution system applications of PV-STATCOM for dynamic voltage control, enhancing connectivity of solar PV and wind farms, and stabilization of critical motors Transmission system applications of PV-STATCOM for improving power transfer capacity, power oscillation damping (POD), suppression of subsynchronous oscillations, mitigation of fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR), and fast frequency response (FFR) with POD Hosting capacity for solar PV systems, its enhancement through effective settings of different smart inverter functions; and control coordination of smart PV inverters Emerging smart inverter grid support functions and their pioneering field demonstrations worldwide, including Canada, USA, UK, Chile, China, and India. Perfect for system planners and system operators, utility engineers, inverter manufacturers and solar farm developers, this book will prove to be an important resource for academics and graduate students involved in electrical power and renewable energy systems.
Grid Connected Pv Inverters
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Author : Jordana Bratt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Grid Connected Pv Inverters written by Jordana Bratt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The need for a cleaner environment and the continuous increase in power demands makes renewable energy production like solar and wind increasingly interesting. Energy production using solar energy could be a solution for the ever increasing power demands. This demand overloads the distribution grids as well as the power stations having a negative impact on power quality and availability. One solution to this problem is grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. A PV array has an optimum operating point, known as the maximum power point, which varies according to cell temperature and insulation level and array voltage. A maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is needed to operate the PV array at the optimal point enabling the system to extract the maximum amount of energy available. Once the system is in place it can be either connected to a charge a battery or to the grid through an inverter. This research explores the different methods for modeling a PV array and simulates in Simulink a comprehensivemodel of a PV cell that can be expanded into arrays, modules and panels, allowing the user to edit the PV model based solely on the datasheet parameters. This model is coupled to a DC-DC booster (step up converter). By manipulating the duty cycle of the DC-DC booster the system implements two of the most popular MPPT methods to extract maximum power: Incremental Conductance and Perturb and Observe. The model is then tested under various conditions for different loads, irradiance and temperature comparing it to the values provided by the manufacture's datasheet. The system is then connected to either a Single Phase Inverter or a Three Phase Inverter implemented in Simulink. The final step is the grid synchronization through two proposed methods of NREL: voltage control and current control. Several simulations were performed to make sure the system complied with all IEEE 1547 standards. The overall PV model system has an efficiency of 98.2% with the best performance under the Incremental Conductance algorithm. The inverter model complies with all IEEE 1547 standards varying a maximum of 5% under different testing conditions.
Grid Fault Ride Through Capability Of Voltage Controlled Inverters For Distributed Generation Applications
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Author : Prasanna Piya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Grid Fault Ride Through Capability Of Voltage Controlled Inverters For Distributed Generation Applications written by Prasanna Piya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The increased integration of distributed and renewable energy resources (DERs) has motivated the evolution of new standards in grid interconnection requirements. New standards have the requirement for the DERs to remain connected during the transient grid fault conditions and to offer support to the grid. This requirement is known as the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of the inverter-based DERs and is an increasingly important issue. This dissertation presents the FRT capability of the DERs that employ a voltage control strategy in their control systems. The voltage control strategy is increasingly replacing the current control strategy in the DERs due to the fact that it provides direct voltage support. However, the voltage control technique limits the ability of direct control over the inverter current. This presents a challenge in addressing the FRT capability where the problem is originally formulated in terms of the current control. This dissertation develops a solution for the FRT capability of inverters that use a voltage control strategy. The proposed controller enables the inverter to ride through the grid faults and support the grid by injecting a balanced current with completely controlled real and reactive power components. The proposed controller is flexible and can be used in connection with various voltage control strategies. Stability analysis of the proposed control structure is performed based on a new linear time-invariant model developed in this dissertation. This model significantly facilitates the stability and design of such control loops. Detailed simulation, real-time and experimental results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed control strategy in various operating conditions. Desirable transient and steady-state responses of the proposed controller are observed. Furthermore, the newly established German and Danish grid fault ride-through standards are implemented in this research as two application examples and the effectiveness of the dissertation results are illustrated in the context of those two examples.
Control Of Power Inverters In Renewable Energy And Smart Grid Integration
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Author : Qing-Chang Zhong
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-11-16
Control Of Power Inverters In Renewable Energy And Smart Grid Integration written by Qing-Chang Zhong and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Integrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest “new frontier” for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids. This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents conventional power conversion methodologies and then ‘non-conventional’ methods, with a highly accessible summary of the latest developments in power inverters as well as insight into the grid connection of renewable power. Consisting of four parts – Power Quality Control, Neutral Line Provision, Power Flow Control, and Synchronisation – this book fully demonstrates the integration of control and power electronics. Key features include: the fundamentals of power processing and hardware design innovative control strategies to systematically treat the control of power inverters extensive experimental results for most of the control strategies presented the pioneering work on “synchronverters” which has gained IET Highly Commended Innovation Award Engineers working on inverter design and those at power system utilities can learn how advanced control strategies could improve system performance and work in practice. The book is a useful reference for researchers who are interested in the area of control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and distributed generation, smart grids, flexible AC transmission systems, and power systems for more-electric aircraft and all-electric ships. This is also a handy text for graduate students and university professors in the areas of electrical power engineering, advanced control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and smart grid integration.
A Multi Level Inverter Integrated With Conditioning Interface For Grid Tied Systems
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Author : Zeeshan Shahid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
A Multi Level Inverter Integrated With Conditioning Interface For Grid Tied Systems written by Zeeshan Shahid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Electric power systems categories.
This thesis presents the proposed design, working principle, simulation and experimental details of a transformer-less multilevel grid-tied inverter. Grid connectivity requires DC-to-AC inversion with efficient synchronization, reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), real-time control and monitoring. The generation of multi-level output can reduce harmonic with effective sinusoidal wave generation and increased efficiency; however, it requires more complex control and implementation. This research has applications in terms of integration of renewable energy sources with utility grids in stand-alone or industrial generation as well as in case of DG systems. This research proposes a six-level DC supply using novel switching technique with DC-DC converter, embedded with an element of adaptability choosing if Buck or Boost is required for addressing amplitude synchronization. Other issues with fly-back mitigation, low pass filter design for THD reduction and almost near to pure sine wave generation are addressed. The H-bridge transformer-less inverter is designed with four IGBTs (operated at 20kHz) synchronized pulse width modulation (PWM). Two additional fly-back IGBTs are introduced in H-bridge inverter to mitigate fly-back spike generation. For grid connectivity, a versatile technique of phase and frequency synchronization is proposed by using analog to digital converters (ADCs). The feedback and monitoring control scheme is proposed and tested for any abnormal occurrence on grid side. This enables continuous observation of the performance of inverters in terms of power sharing, synchronization and stability. Simulation results are validated experimentally; discussed and analyzed. The DC-DC supply under synchronized condition has a voltage variation range from 308V to 356V. In the proposed design, the IGBTs are reduced to active five. The maximum efficiency achieved is 99.3% (compared to 98.6% on the market) and the lowest is 98% under 1.8kW load. The use of six level generation (0V - 372V) has reduced THD to 2.4% following the EN-50160 and IEEE-1547 international standards.
Experimental Determination Of Pv Inverter Response To Grid Phase Shift Events Preprint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Experimental Determination Of Pv Inverter Response To Grid Phase Shift Events Preprint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
With the continued growth of renewable energy resources which interface to the electric grid via inverters, the understanding of such devices becomes ever more important to the safe and reliable operation of the bulk power system. This work investigates the specific response of a utility-scale PV inverter to grid voltage phase shift-type disturbances which sometimes occur during grid fault events. The role of the PV inverter's phase-locked-loop (PLL) is identified as important to modeling the response. Switching-level simulations of a utility-scale PV inverter with a modeled PLL show a characteristic response when phase shift disturbances require the PLL to track what appear as fast frequency changes. Additionally, in this work a full-scale laboratory testing was carried out using the Opal real time (RT) OP5142 real time simulator and a large grid simulator to create phase shift disturbances with a high degree of repeatability. A photovoltaic (PV) inverter was connected to a grid simulator, and phase shifts were instantaneously implemented on the simulated grid, the results of the currents were then obtained. The experimental results obtained were validated with simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink.
Research Roadmap On Grid Forming Inverters
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Research Roadmap On Grid Forming Inverters written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This research roadmap is intended to fill the knowledge gap by providing a system view of grid-forming inverter-based resource controls and their impact on grid stability, which we believe is central to meeting some of the challenges to operating the future North American electric power system. This includes the roles and requirements of grid-forming inverter-based resources-including solar photovoltaics, wind generators, and energy storage. For this roadmap, we focus on a specific family of grid-forming inverter control approaches that do not rely on an external voltage source (i.e., no phase-locked loop) and that can share load without explicit communications. Although the roadmap is focused narrowly on system challenges for grid-forming controls and power system stability, including interactions with protection, we hope it serves as a foundational element for future system-of-systems roadmapping needed in a broader grid modernization effort with increasing deployments of inverter-based resources. The roadmap first introduces formal definitions for the grid stability topics and then describes the differences between grid-forming and traditional grid-following control approaches for inverter-based resources. The core of the roadmap consists of a review of current research and an outline of research needs related to five grid-forming inverter topics: frequency control, voltage control, system protection, fault ride-through and voltage recovery, and modeling and simulation. The review both delineates contemporary advances and highlights open research questions that must be addressed to enable the widespread adoption of inverter-based resources across the grid. Feedback from industry on these research questions is incorporated, including discussions during the Workshop on Grid-forming Inverters for Low-inertia Power Systems. The workshop included industry presentations and discussion of ongoing research, technology gaps, and piloting needs. This roadmap concludes by offering a multiyear perspective on the gradual field validation of grid-forming inverters (see Figure ES-2). This perspective recognizes that the scale and scope of the types of power systems that inverters will be called on to provide grid-forming services will and should begin modestly. Specifically, this roadmap recognizes that inverter controls today are predominantly grid-following and that future power systems will involve a mix of inverter-based resources with both grid-following and grid-forming control capabilities. Growth over time will depend on how well grid-forming inverters perform and what advantages they bring as penetration levels (instantaneous and average) of inverter-based resources increases. This recognition, in turn, establishes a natural sequence of priorities for the research questions that must be addressed. Following this multiyear perspective, the roadmap offers short descriptions of two specific near-term research priorities: the review of regulatory and technical standards and the development of advanced modeling techniques. These priorities are foundational. We recommend immediate pursuit of them in parallel with and in direct support of the research outlined by our multiyear perspective.
Enhanced Large Signal Stability Method For Grid Forming Inverters During Current Limiting Preprint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Enhanced Large Signal Stability Method For Grid Forming Inverters During Current Limiting Preprint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are a promising technology for the widespread integration of renewable energy sources in future power systems. As a key element of GFM inverter control, the primary controller governs the internal reference voltage and angle. During contingencies in the grid--such as faults, voltage drops, or frequency and phase jumps--an inverter can be forced into a current-limiting mode of operation modulating inverter dynamics, and, as a result, it is prone to losing synchronism with the grid. In this paper, we propose a novel GFM primary control method with an additional synchronization term that naturally activates during contingencies to improve the dynamic response. The method allows the inverter to remain synchronized with the grid, which improves the inverter's dynamic behavior both during and after current-limiting grid conditions and enhances grid support, including voltage support using full current capacity. The method is demonstrated for voltage, frequency, and phase jumps both in a single-machine-to-infinite-bus and a network-wide electromagnetic transient simulation of the IEEE 14-bus system with 5 GFM inverters. The simulations provide insights into the proposed synchronization method and confirm the high potential of the method, which robustly secures synchronism under severe contingencies.