Reason And Fairness
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Reason And Fairness
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Author : Ulrike Müßig
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2019-07-08
Reason And Fairness written by Ulrike Müßig and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-08 with Law categories.
Reason and Fairness offers a comparative history of the functionality of ordinary judicial competences, contemporary findings of its protective needs in the court internal and external spheres and completed by means of raising historical arguments in modern conventional law.
Reasonableness And Fairness
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Author : Christopher McMahon
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-11-03
Reasonableness And Fairness written by Christopher McMahon and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-03 with History categories.
This book presents a historically focused account of the concepts of 'reasonableness' and 'fairness', showing how they are subject to historical evolution.
Fairness
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Author : Nicholas Rescher
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-06
Fairness written by Nicholas Rescher and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Philosophy categories.
In theory and practice, the notion of fairness is far from simple. The principle is often elusive and subject to confusion, even in institutions of law, usage, and custom. In Fairness, Nicholas Rescher aims to liberate this concept from misunderstandings by showing how its definitive characteristics prevent it from being absorbed by such related conceptions as paternalistic benevolence, radical egalitarianism, and social harmonization. Rescher demonstrates that equality before the state is an instrument of justice, not of social utility or public welfare, and argues that the notion of fairness stops well short of a literal egalitarianism. Rescher disposes of the confusions arising from economists' penchant to focus on individual preferences, from decision theorists' concern for averting envy, and from political theorists' sympathy for egalitarianism. In their place he shows how the idea of distributive equity forms the core of the concept of fairness in matters of distributive justice. The coordination of shares with valid claims is the crux of the concept of fairness. In Rescher's view, this means that the pursuit of fairness requires objective rather than subjective evaluation of the goods being shared. This is something quite different from subjective equity based on the personal evaluation of goods by those laying claim to them. Insofar as subjective equity is a concern, the appropriate procedure for its realization is a process of maximum value distribution. Further, Rescher demonstrates that in matters of distributive justice, the distinction between new ownership and preexisting ownership is pivotal and calls for proceeding on very different principles depending on the case. How one should proceed depends on context, and what is adjudged fair is pragmatic, in that there are different requirements for effectiveness in achieving the aims and purposes of the sort of distribution that is intended. Rescher concludes that fairness is a fundamentally ethical concept. Its distinctive modus operandi contrasts sharply with the aims of paternalism, preference-maximizing, or economic advantage. Fairness will be of interest to philosophers, economists, and political scientists.
To Be Fair
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Author : Ben Fenton
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-03-11
To Be Fair written by Ben Fenton and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-11 with Philosophy categories.
'Ben's book is an elegant and essential intervention in an era of enervating culture wars. It asks and answers nothing less than the most important question of our time: how can we recover the ability to talk to one another?' - Sathnam Sanghera, author of Empireland What does it mean to be fair? Why do we feel unfairness so strongly? What has happened to us today that we spend more time condemning each other's views than giving each other a fair hearing? The idea of fairness is one of the most commonly-expressed concepts, yet nobody ever stops to think what it really means. We all simply take the word 'fair' for granted. In this polemical guide to fairness, Ben Fenton explains the meaning of the word, how it fits into our genetic make-up and why we need our innate sense of fair play now more than ever. Fenton explores the idea that the unconscious procedure that humans go through in deciding fairness is the vital balancing act between competition and cooperation, the two driving forces that have made us the super-species of Planet Earth. He describes the neurology, anthropology, psychology, history and future of fairness and looks at how it affects our lives through politics, law, sex, religion, race, sport, business and even war. As a reporter of thirty years' experience, Fenton brings all his skills to bear in a lively and challenging description of the profound inner meaning of a throwaway phrase and why it matters so much to every single person in the world to seek To Be Fair. PART I – WHY SHOULD WE TRY TO BE FAIR? 1. Why You Should Read This Book 2. The Principles of Fairness 3. The Neurology and Psychology of Fairness 4. Fairness in History 5. Is Fairness a Creation of the English speaking World? (Spoiler alert: No) PART II – WHAT DOES FAIRNESS LOOK LIKE IN THE MODERN WORLD? 6. Fairness in Sport (and other forms of War) 7. Fairness in Business and Economics 8. Fairness in Law and Taxation 9. Fairness in Communication and Technology 10. Fairness in Politics and Government 11. Fairness in Human Relationships 12. Is Fair Play the Answer to the Ultimate Question?
Practical Fairness
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Author : Aileen Nielsen
language : en
Publisher: O'Reilly Media
Release Date : 2020-12-01
Practical Fairness written by Aileen Nielsen and has been published by O'Reilly Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-01 with Computers categories.
Fairness is an increasingly important topic as machine learning and AI more generally take over the world. While this is an active area of research, many realistic best practices are emerging at all steps along the data pipeline, from data selection and preprocessing to blackbox model audits. This book will guide you through the technical, legal, and ethical aspects of making your code fair and secure while highlighting cutting edge academic research and ongoing legal developments related to fairness and algorithms. There is mounting evidence that the widespread deployment of machine learning and artificial intelligence in business and government is reproducing the same biases we are trying to fight in the real world. For this reason, fairness is an increasingly important consideration for the data scientist. Yet discussions of what fairness means in terms of actual code are few and far between. This code will show you how to code fairly as well as cover basic concerns related to data security and privacy from a fairness perspective.
Justice As Fairness
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Author : John Rawls
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2001-05-16
Justice As Fairness written by John Rawls and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-16 with Philosophy categories.
This book originated as lectures for a course on political philosophy that Rawls taught regularly at Harvard in the 1980s. In time the lectures became a restatement of his theory of justice as fairness, revised in light of his more recent papers and his treatise Political Liberalism (1993). As Rawls writes in the preface, the restatement presents "in one place an account of justice as fairness as I now see it, drawing on all [my previous] works." He offers a broad overview of his main lines of thought and also explores specific issues never before addressed in any of his writings. Rawls is well aware that since the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, American society has moved farther away from the idea of justice as fairness. Yet his ideas retain their power and relevance to debates in a pluralistic society about the meaning and theoretical viability of liberalism. This book demonstrates that moral clarity can be achieved even when a collective commitment to justice is uncertain.
Against Fairness
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Author : Stephen T. Asma
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013
Against Fairness written by Stephen T. Asma and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
A polymath philosopher shares lighthearted examples of humanity's unspoken instinct toward favoritism to argue against zealous pursuits of fairness.
A Theory Of Justice
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Author : John Rawls
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2005-03-31
A Theory Of Justice written by John Rawls and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-31 with Philosophy categories.
John Rawls's landmark 1971 treatise transformed political philosophy by offering a systematic alternative to the utilitarianism that had dominated the field for more than a century. By turning the focus of political philosophy to the welfare of the least advantaged - while offering a bold argument for the inviolability of fundamental civil and political rights - Rawls influenced the thinking of generations of philosophers, lawyers and legislators. Closely reasoned, dense, often technical but brightened by the warmth of Rawls's compassion and the brilliance of his intellect, A Theory of Justice belongs on the required reading list of every student of law, politics or philosophy.
Fairness Versus Welfare
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Author : Louis Kaplow
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-07-01
Fairness Versus Welfare written by Louis Kaplow and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-01 with Philosophy categories.
By what criteria should public policy be evaluated? Fairness and justice? Or the welfare of individuals? Debate over this fundamental question has spanned the ages. Fairness versus Welfare poses a bold challenge to contemporary moral philosophy by showing that most moral principles conflict more sharply with welfare than is generally recognized. In particular, the authors demonstrate that all principles that are not based exclusively on welfare will sometimes favor policies under which literally everyone would be worse off. The book draws on the work of moral philosophers, economists, evolutionary and cognitive psychologists, and legal academics to scrutinize a number of particular subjects that have engaged legal scholars and moral philosophers. How can the deeply problematic nature of all nonwelfarist principles be reconciled with our moral instincts and intuitions that support them? The authors offer a fascinating explanation of the origins of our moral instincts and intuitions, developing ideas originally advanced by Hume and Sidgwick and more recently explored by psychologists and evolutionary theorists. Their analysis indicates that most moral principles that seem appealing, upon examination, have a functional explanation, one that does not justify their being accorded independent weight in the assessment of public policy. Fairness versus Welfare has profound implications for the theory and practice of policy analysis and has already generated considerable debate in academia.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives On Fairness Equity And Justice
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Author : Meng Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Interdisciplinary Perspectives On Fairness Equity And Justice written by Meng Li and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Psychology categories.
This volume brings together cutting-edge research from emerging and senior scholars alike representing a variety of disciplines that bears on human preferences for fairness, equity and justice. Despite predictions derived from evolutionary and economic theories that individuals will behave in the service of maximizing their own utility and survival, humans not only behave cooperatively, but in many instances, truly altruistically, giving to unrelated others at a cost to themselves. Humans also seem preoccupied like no other species with issues of fairness, equity and justice. But what exactly is fair and how are norms of fairness maintained? How should we decide, and how do we decide, between equity and efficiency? How does the idea of fairness translate across cultures? What is the relationship between human evolution and the development of morality? The collected chapters shed light on these questions and more to advance our understanding of these uniquely human concerns. Structured on an increasing scale, this volume begins by exploring issues of fairness, equity, and justice in a micro scale, such as the neural basis of fairness, and then progresses by considering these issues in individual, family, and finally cultural and societal arenas. Importantly, contributors are drawn from fields as diverse as anthropology, neuroscience, behavioral economics, bioethics, and psychology. Thus, the chapters provide added value and insights when read collectively, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the distinct disciplines as they investigate similar research questions about prosociality. In addition, particular attention is given to experimental research approaches and policy implications for some of society's most pressing issues, such as allocation of scarce medical resources and moral development of children. Thought-provoking and informative, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fairness, Equity, and Justice is a valuable read for public policy makers, anthropologists, ethicists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and all those interested in these questions about the essence of human nature.