Reasoning With Data
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Reasoning With Data
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Author : Jeffrey M. Stanton
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2017-05-19
Reasoning With Data written by Jeffrey M. Stanton and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-19 with Social Science categories.
Engaging and accessible, this book teaches readers how to use inferential statistical thinking to check their assumptions, assess evidence about their beliefs, and avoid overinterpreting results that may look more promising than they really are. It provides step-by-step guidance for using both classical (frequentist) and Bayesian approaches to inference. Statistical techniques covered side by side from both frequentist and Bayesian approaches include hypothesis testing, replication, analysis of variance, calculation of effect sizes, regression, time series analysis, and more. Students also get a complete introduction to the open-source R programming language and its key packages. Throughout the text, simple commands in R demonstrate essential data analysis skills using real-data examples. The companion website provides annotated R code for the book's examples, in-class exercises, supplemental reading lists, and links to online videos, interactive materials, and other resources. ÿ Pedagogical Features *Playful, conversational style and gradual approach; suitable for students without strong math backgrounds. *End-of-chapter exercises based on real data supplied in the free R package. *Technical explanation and equation/output boxes. *Appendices on how to install R and work with the sample datasets.ÿ
Thinking Clearly With Data
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Author : Ethan Bueno de Mesquita
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-11-16
Thinking Clearly With Data written by Ethan Bueno de Mesquita and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Social Science categories.
An engaging introduction to data science that emphasizes critical thinking over statistical techniques An introduction to data science or statistics shouldn’t involve proving complex theorems or memorizing obscure terms and formulas, but that is exactly what most introductory quantitative textbooks emphasize. In contrast, Thinking Clearly with Data focuses, first and foremost, on critical thinking and conceptual understanding in order to teach students how to be better consumers and analysts of the kinds of quantitative information and arguments that they will encounter throughout their lives. Among much else, the book teaches how to assess whether an observed relationship in data reflects a genuine relationship in the world and, if so, whether it is causal; how to make the most informative comparisons for answering questions; what questions to ask others who are making arguments using quantitative evidence; which statistics are particularly informative or misleading; how quantitative evidence should and shouldn’t influence decision-making; and how to make better decisions by using moral values as well as data. Filled with real-world examples, the book shows how its thinking tools apply to problems in a wide variety of subjects, including elections, civil conflict, crime, terrorism, financial crises, health care, sports, music, and space travel. Above all else, Thinking Clearly with Data demonstrates why, despite the many benefits of our data-driven age, data can never be a substitute for thinking. An ideal textbook for introductory quantitative methods courses in data science, statistics, political science, economics, psychology, sociology, public policy, and other fields Introduces the basic toolkit of data analysis—including sampling, hypothesis testing, Bayesian inference, regression, experiments, instrumental variables, differences in differences, and regression discontinuity Uses real-world examples and data from a wide variety of subjects Includes practice questions and data exercises
Bayesian Reasoning In Data Analysis A Critical Introduction
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Author : Giulio D'agostini
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003-06-13
Bayesian Reasoning In Data Analysis A Critical Introduction written by Giulio D'agostini and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-13 with Mathematics categories.
This book provides a multi-level introduction to Bayesian reasoning (as opposed to “conventional statistics”) and its applications to data analysis. The basic ideas of this “new” approach to the quantification of uncertainty are presented using examples from research and everyday life. Applications covered include: parametric inference; combination of results; treatment of uncertainty due to systematic errors and background; comparison of hypotheses; unfolding of experimental distributions; upper/lower bounds in frontier-type measurements. Approximate methods for routine use are derived and are shown often to coincide — under well-defined assumptions! — with “standard” methods, which can therefore be seen as special cases of the more general Bayesian methods. In dealing with uncertainty in measurements, modern metrological ideas are utilized, including the ISO classification of uncertainty into type A and type B. These are shown to fit well into the Bayesian framework.
Ethical Reasoning In Big Data
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Author : Jeff Collmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-22
Ethical Reasoning In Big Data written by Jeff Collmann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-22 with Computers categories.
This book springs from a multidisciplinary, multi-organizational, and multi-sector conversation about the privacy and ethical implications of research in human affairs using big data. The need to cultivate and enlist the public’s trust in the abilities of particular scientists and scientific institutions constitutes one of this book’s major themes. The advent of the Internet, the mass digitization of research information, and social media brought about, among many other things, the ability to harvest – sometimes implicitly – a wealth of human genomic, biological, behavioral, economic, political, and social data for the purposes of scientific research as well as commerce, government affairs, and social interaction. What type of ethical dilemmas did such changes generate? How should scientists collect, manipulate, and disseminate this information? The effects of this revolution and its ethical implications are wide-ranging. This book includes the opinions of myriad investigators, practitioners, and stakeholders in big data on human beings who also routinely reflect on the privacy and ethical issues of this phenomenon. Dedicated to the practice of ethical reasoning and reflection in action, the book offers a range of observations, lessons learned, reasoning tools, and suggestions for institutional practice to promote responsible big data research on human affairs. It caters to a broad audience of educators, researchers, and practitioners. Educators can use the volume in courses related to big data handling and processing. Researchers can use it for designing new methods of collecting, processing, and disseminating big data, whether in raw form or as analysis results. Lastly, practitioners can use it to steer future tools or procedures for handling big data. As this topic represents an area of great interest that still remains largely undeveloped, this book is sure to attract significant interest by filling an obvious gap in currently available literature.
Statistical Foundations Reasoning And Inference
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Author : Göran Kauermann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-30
Statistical Foundations Reasoning And Inference written by Göran Kauermann and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-30 with Mathematics categories.
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to statistical principles, concepts and methods that are essential in modern statistics and data science. The topics covered include likelihood-based inference, Bayesian statistics, regression, statistical tests and the quantification of uncertainty. Moreover, the book addresses statistical ideas that are useful in modern data analytics, including bootstrapping, modeling of multivariate distributions, missing data analysis, causality as well as principles of experimental design. The textbook includes sufficient material for a two-semester course and is intended for master’s students in data science, statistics and computer science with a rudimentary grasp of probability theory. It will also be useful for data science practitioners who want to strengthen their statistics skills.
Visual And Spatial Analysis
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Author : Boris Kovalerchuk
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-06
Visual And Spatial Analysis written by Boris Kovalerchuk and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-06 with Computers categories.
Advanced visual analysis and problem solving has been conducted successfully for millennia. The Pythagorean Theorem was proven using visual means more than 2000 years ago. In the 19th century, John Snow stopped a cholera epidemic in London by proposing that a specific water pump be shut down. He discovered that pump by visually correlating data on a city map. The goal of this book is to present the current trends in visual and spatial analysis for data mining, reasoning, problem solving and decision-making. This is the first book to focus on visual decision making and problem solving in general with specific applications in the geospatial domain - combining theory with real-world practice. The book is unique in its integration of modern symbolic and visual approaches to decision making and problem solving. As such, it ties together much of the monograph and textbook literature in these emerging areas. This book contains 21 chapters that have been grouped into five parts: (1) visual problem solving and decision making, (2) visual and heterogeneous reasoning, (3) visual correlation, (4) visual and spatial data mining, and (5) visual and spatial problem solving in geospatial domains. Each chapter ends with a summary and exercises. The book is intended for professionals and graduate students in computer science, applied mathematics, imaging science and Geospatial Information Systems (GIS). In addition to being a state-of-the-art research compilation, this book can be used a text for advanced courses on the subjects such as modeling, computer graphics, visualization, image processing, data mining, GIS, and algorithm analysis.
The Challenge Of Developing Statistical Literacy Reasoning And Thinking
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Author : Dani Ben-Zvi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-07-29
The Challenge Of Developing Statistical Literacy Reasoning And Thinking written by Dani Ben-Zvi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-29 with Mathematics categories.
Unique in that it collects, presents, and synthesizes cutting edge research on different aspects of statistical reasoning and applies this research to the teaching of statistics to students at all educational levels, this volume will prove of great value to mathematics and statistics education researchers, statistics educators, statisticians, cognitive psychologists, mathematics teachers, mathematics and statistics curriculum developers, and quantitative literacy experts in education and government.
Thinking And Reasoning With Data And Chance
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Author : Gail Burrill
language : en
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
Release Date : 2006
Thinking And Reasoning With Data And Chance written by Gail Burrill and has been published by National Council of Teachers of English this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Education categories.
Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "support material for many of the articles, including lessons, software demonstrations, and even video clips of classrooms."--P. [4] of cover.
Time Granularities In Databases Data Mining And Temporal Reasoning
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Author : Claudio Bettini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000-07-13
Time Granularities In Databases Data Mining And Temporal Reasoning written by Claudio Bettini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-13 with Computers categories.
Calendar and time units and specialized units, such as business days and academic years, play a major role in a wide range of information system applications. System support for reasoning about these units, called granularities, is important for the efficient design, use, and implementation of such applications. This book deals with several aspects of temporal information and provides a unifying model for granularities. Practitioners can learn about critical aspects that must be taken into account when designing and implementing databases supporting temporal information.
Reasoning Techniques For The Web Of Data
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Author : A. Hogan
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2014-04-09
Reasoning Techniques For The Web Of Data written by A. Hogan and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-09 with Computers categories.
Linked Data publishing has brought about a novel “Web of Data”: a wealth of diverse, interlinked, structured data published on the Web. These Linked Datasets are described using the Semantic Web standards and are openly available to all, produced by governments, businesses, communities and academia alike. However, the heterogeneity of such data – in terms of how resources are described and identified – poses major challenges to potential consumers. Herein, we examine use cases for pragmatic, lightweight reasoning techniques that leverage Web vocabularies (described in RDFS and OWL) to better integrate large scale, diverse, Linked Data corpora. We take a test corpus of 1.1 billion RDF statements collected from 4 million RDF Web documents and analyse the use of RDFS and OWL therein. We then detail and evaluate scalable and distributed techniques for applying rule-based materialisation to translate data between different vocabularies, and to resolve coreferent resources that talk about the same thing. We show how such techniques can be made robust in the face of noisy and often impudent Web data. We also examine a use case for incorporating a PagerRank-style algorithm to rank the trustworthiness of facts produced by reasoning, subsequently using those ranks to fix formal contradictions in the data. All of our methods are validated against our real world, large scale, open domain, Linked Data evaluation corpus.