Recent Advances In Drosophila Cellular And Humoral Innate Immunity
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Recent Advances In Drosophila Cellular And Humoral Innate Immunity
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Author : Susanna Valanne
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-12-10
Recent Advances In Drosophila Cellular And Humoral Innate Immunity written by Susanna Valanne and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-10 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Community Series In Recent Advances In Drosophila Cellular And Humoral Innate Immunity Volume Ii
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Author : Susanna Valanne
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-26
Community Series In Recent Advances In Drosophila Cellular And Humoral Innate Immunity Volume Ii written by Susanna Valanne and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-26 with Medical categories.
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established tool to study mechanisms of innate immunity. Drosophila flies and larvae launch elegant humoral and cellular innate immune responses against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The humoral immune response is based on microbial recognition primarily by peptidoglycan recognition proteins leading to the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In the past few decades, Drosophilists have dissected how flies react to systemic bacterial and fungal infections at the molecular level and shown how these mechanisms are conserved from human to man. Fly humoral immune response is mainly mediated by two evolutionarily conserved NF-κB signaling pathways, the Toll and the Immune deficiency (Imd) pathways. The discovery of the Toll receptor as a key regulator of immune response, first in cultured Drosophila cells and then in Drosophila in vivo, formed the basis of the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) research in humans and mammals. More recently, this field has broadened considerably, including e.g. the antimicrobial responses taking place in the gut. Another interesting aspect related to innate immunity is the antiviral immune mechanisms found in Drosophila. Best understood are the mechanisms based on RNAi, primarily against RNA virus infections. More recently, the evolutionarily conserved molecule STING has been shown to integrate responses against both viruses and bacteria.
Understanding The Regulation Of Innate Immune Mechanisms And Its Relevance In Diseases Using Drosophila Melanogaster
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Author : Pooja Kadaba Ranganath
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Understanding The Regulation Of Innate Immune Mechanisms And Its Relevance In Diseases Using Drosophila Melanogaster written by Pooja Kadaba Ranganath and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model organism to study conserved innate immune mechanisms. D. melanogaster utilizes both humoral and cellular immune responses to combat fungal, bacterial and parasitic pathogens; The cellular immune response targets parasites and parasitoid wasps are a major parasite of D. melanogaster. Fly larvae are commonly infected by parasitoid wasps and in response, mount a robust cellular immune response against the parasitoid egg. Numerous signaling pathways like JNK and JAK-STAT have been shown to play a role in the immune response against parasitoid wasps and have a conserved role in human immunity. However, the regulation of the conserved signaling pathways controlling innate immunity is not completely understood. Work done in Chapter I aims to better understand the role of CR44125, a long non-coding RNA as a novel regulator of Drosophila cellular immune response. Our findings suggest that CR44125 is involved in immune cell differentiation process by regulating the activity of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Cellular immune mechanisms have evolved to coordinate various responses and maintain a balanced immune outcome. This involves the immune cells to maintain self-tolerance and exert immune response in a timely and regulated manner. Innate immune mediated self-tolerance mechanisms and the underlying genetic basis associated with the maintenance of this system remain largely unexplored and work done in Chapter II can provide insight into the transcriptional and physiological changes underlying self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Our findings suggest that Rel/NFÎðB transcriptional activity is associated with pro-inflammatory signaling in Drosophila, during loss of self-tolerance reactions. Thus, in general although immune cells via various innate immune mechanisms recognize cues from external pathogens to recognizing altered self like aberrant tissues or cancer cells, the functional role of the immune system and its underlying mechanisms in regulating tumorigenesis are poorly investigated. Our study in Chapter III utilizes the established Drosophila melanogaster model of tumor pathogenesis was used to study the impacts of innate immune response on tumor progression and metastasis. Recent studies have also shown that infections can also modulate tumorigenesis and thus, we use Drosophila-parasitoid as a host-parasite system to particularly dissect the role of infection in cancer pathogenesis. Our findings identified that G1Fl infection reduces both primary and secondary tumor growth and the model can further be used to characterize the mechanism by which an infection modifies tumorigenesis.
Origin And Evolution Of The Vertebrate Immune System
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Author : L. Du Pasquier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Origin And Evolution Of The Vertebrate Immune System written by L. Du Pasquier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
The comparative approach to immunology can be traced to the era of Pasteur and Metchnikov in which observations regarding foreign recognition in invertebrates was a factor in the develop ment of the principal concepts that created the foundation of what now is the broad field of immunology. With each major experimental and conceptual breakthrough, the classical, albeit essential, question has been asked "are the immune systems of phylogenetically primitive vertebrates and invertebrates similar to that of mammals?" Somewhat surprisingly for the jawed verte brates, the general answer has been a qualified form of "yes", whereas for agnathans and invertebrate phyla it has been "no" so far. The apparent abruptness in the appearance of the immune system of vertebrates is linked to the introduction of the somatic generation of the diversity of its antigen specific receptors. Therefore the questions regarding the origin and evolution of the specific immune system revolve around this phenomenon. With respect to the origin of the system (aside from the or igin of the rearranging machinery itself, the study of which is still in its infancy) one can ask questions about the cellular and mo lecular contexts in which the mechanism was introduced.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Insect Immunology
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Author : Nancy E. Beckage
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-04-28
Insect Immunology written by Nancy E. Beckage and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Medical categories.
This work is the first book-length publication on the topic of insect immunology since 1991, complementing earlier works by offering a fresh perspective on current research. Interactions of host immune systems with both parasites and pathogens are presented in detail, as well as the genomics and proteomics, approaches which have been lacking in other publications. Beckage provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers, including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions. Encompasses the most important topics of insect immunology including mechanisms, genes, proteins, evolution and phylogeny Provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions Most up-to-date information published with contributions from international leaders in the field
Parasites And Pathogens Of Insects
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Author : Nancy E. Beckage
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Parasites And Pathogens Of Insects written by Nancy E. Beckage and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Both volumes of Parasites and Pathogens of Insects provide in-depth coverage of the interface between insect parasites and pathogens and hosts, and explore the relationships between these partners. They emphasize biochemical and molecular interactions, basic biology, and the roles of hormones, receptors, and other cellular components in modulating interactions between host insects and attacking agents. These topics also are assessed in relation to biotechnology and biological control. In the short term, these volumes fill a void in current literature by emphasizing basic interactions at the biochemical and molecular levels. In the long term, these interactions may provide avenues for exploitation to enhance the rate of "beneficial" parasitism or to reduce the rates of disease transmission and infection of vertebrate hosts. Presents the latest information on insect parasites and pathogens Describes biochemical and molecular host-parasite and host-pathogen relationships Covers mechanisms of insect pathogenicity and resistance Provides exceptional breadth of coverage and authoritative reviews Special topics Transposable elements in insect pathogens Co-evolution and gene transfer between hosts and invaders Biological control
Model Organisms In Inflammation And Cancer
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Author : Yiorgos Apidianakis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-12-17
Model Organisms In Inflammation And Cancer written by Yiorgos Apidianakis and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-17 with Cancer categories.
A link between inflammation and cancer was initially made by Rudolf Virchow back in the 19th century. Nowadays many cancers are considered dependent on inflammatory responses to microbial and damaged-self stimuli and both arms of immunity, innate and adaptive, are playing a role in promoting cancer. Moreover, besides environmental factors, opportunistic pathogens contribute to inflammation and cancer. Nevertheless, microbial influence on chronic disease is sometimes difficult to discern, especially in the context of polymicrobial communities, such as those found in the digestive tract. In this light, model organisms provide important insights into immune and growth signals that promote cancer, and suggest therapies that will selectively target potentially harmful microbes or modulate host responses. A number of review and opinion articles in this series address novel aspects and paradigms of the interactions between the microbiota and the host in relation to inflammation and cancer.
Hemolymph Proteins And Functional Peptides
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Author : Muhammad Tufail
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2012
Hemolymph Proteins And Functional Peptides written by Muhammad Tufail and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Nature categories.
Recent molecular studies have revealed an overwhelming role of hemolymph proteins and functional peptides in invertebrate physiology. This is mainly due to the large assortment of biomolecular factors each with a different structure and function. In addit
Lyme Disease Recent Advances And Perspectives
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Author : Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-08-08
Lyme Disease Recent Advances And Perspectives written by Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-08 with Infectious and parasitic diseases categories.
The interplay between host and pathogen is a complex co-evolutionary battle of surveillance and evasion. The pathogen continuously develops mechanisms to subvert the immune response in order to establish infection while the immune system responds with novel mechanisms of detection. Because the majority of Lyme disease pathology is due to an over-exuberant immune response, much research in Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis has been devoted to understanding the mammalian host response to the bacterium. Immunological studies continue to be an active area of research employing emerging techniques, such as intra-vital imaging. These studies have furthered our understanding of inflammatory processes during long-term infection and provided some surprising insights, such as the continued presence of bacterial products after clearance. The field of Lyme disease has long debated the etiology of long-term inflammation and recent studies in the murine host have shed light on relevant cell types and inflammatory mediators that participate in the pathology of Lyme arthritis. Live imaging and bioluminescent studies have allowed for a novel view of the bacterial life cycle, including the tick mid-gut, tick-to-mammal transmission and dissemination throughout a mouse. A number of tick and bacterial proteins have been shown to participate in the completion of the enzootic cycle. Novel mechanisms of gene regulation are continuously being identified. However, B. burgdorferi lacks many traditional virulence factors, such as toxins or specialized secretion systems. Many genes in the B. burgdorferi genome have no known homolog in other bacteria. Therefore, studies focusing on host-pathogen interactions have therefore been limited by an incomplete understanding of the repertoire of bacterial virulence factors. Questions such as how the pathogen causes disease, colonizes the tick and evades host immune-surveillance have been difficult to address. Genetic studies involving single gene deletions have identified a number of important bacterial proteins, but a large-scale genomics approach to identify virulence factors has not been attempted until recently. The generation of a site-directed mutagenesis library is an important step towards a detailed analysis of the B. burgdorferi genome and pathogenome. Using this library, high-throughput genomic studies, utilizing techniques such as massively parallel sequencing have been promising and could be used to identify novel virulence determinants of disease in the mammalian host or persistence in the tick vector. Continued research on this unique pathogen and its specific interaction with host and vector may have far reaching consequences and provide insights for diverse disciplines including ecology, infectious disease, and immunology. Here, several reviews will discuss the most recent advances and future studies to be undertaken in the field of B. burgdorferi biology.