Recent Advances In Humanized Mice
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Recent Advances In Humanized Mice
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Recent Advances In Humanized Mice written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Humanized Mice For Hiv Research
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Author : Larisa Y. Poluektova
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-18
Humanized Mice For Hiv Research written by Larisa Y. Poluektova and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-18 with Medical categories.
Over the last several years the field of humanized mice has matured and developed into an essential component of translational research for HIV/AIDS. Humanized mice serve both as vehicles for discovery and as highly sophisticated platforms for biomedical research. In addition, humanized mice have demonstrated outstanding potential for the investigation of critical aspects of the infection and pathogenesis of the hepatitis and herpes viruses, as well as highly relevant microbial infections such as tuberculosis and malaria. Humanized Mice for HIV Research provides a comprehensive presentation of the history, evolution, applications, and current state of the art of this unique animal model. An expansion of twelve review articles that were published in Humanized Mice by Springer in 2008 (Eds: Nomura T, Watanabe T, Habu S), this book expertly captures the outstanding progress that has been made in the development, improvement, implementation, and validation of humanized mouse models. The first two parts of this book cover the basics of human-to-mouse xenotransplantation biology, and provide critical information about human immune cell development and function based on individual models created from different immunodeficient strains of mice. The third and fourth parts investigate HIV-1 biology, including different routes of transmission, prevention, treatment, pathogenesis, and the development of adaptive immunity in humanized mice. The fifth part shows the broad applicability of humanized mice for therapeutic development, from long-acting antiretroviral combinations to genetic manipulations with human cells and cell-based approaches. The sixth part includes liver tissue engineering and the expansion of humanized mice for many other human cell-tropic pathogens.
Development Of Humanized Mouse Models For Infectious Diseases And Cancer
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Author : Moriya Tsuji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Development Of Humanized Mouse Models For Infectious Diseases And Cancer written by Moriya Tsuji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
While the traditional animal models contributed immensely to biomedical research there remain many knowledge gaps in translating the results from these to humans. In this context, humanized mice transplanted with functional human cells in a physiological setting offer many advantages in deriving pre-clinical data more akin to that seen in the natural human host. There have been many recent advances in the field that encompass derivation of new transgenic breeds of immunodeficient mice harboring human cytokines and HLA alleles that permit improved human cell engraftment and differentiation. The ability to generate humanized mice with a functional immune system together with human tissue transplantation such as a functional liver has now paved the way for new experimentation not previously feasible and is beginning to shed light on the complex picture of human pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis. Specifically, human specific pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis viruses and malaria parasites are being studied in these systems and important data on pathogen life cycles in human cells in vivo, viral latency and human specific immune responses are being gathered. In the hematology front, new data are emerging on graft versus host disease using these models. Patient derived xenograft models endowed with transplanted human immune cells are permitting evaluations of various immunotherapies and identification of specific drugs for cancer therapy. Pathogenesis and immune responses for deadly pathogens, such as Ebola and newly emerged viruses like Zika are also being studied, adding a new twist and generating new knowledge in the context of human target cells in an in vivo setting.
Advances In Human Immune System His Mouse Models For Studying Human Hematopoiesis And Cancer Immunotherapy
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Author : Yasuyuki Saito
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-10
Advances In Human Immune System His Mouse Models For Studying Human Hematopoiesis And Cancer Immunotherapy written by Yasuyuki Saito and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-10 with Medical categories.
Topic Editor Prof. Aimin Xu receives financial support from Servier Laboratories. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic theme.
Humanized Mice
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Author : Tatsuji Nomura
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-11
Humanized Mice written by Tatsuji Nomura and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-11 with Medical categories.
The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has been achieved through many years of efforts by several laboratories. The first stage on the road to the humanized mouse was the report on nude mice by Isaacson and Cattanach in 1962. Thereafter, nude mice were studied in detail by Falanagan and, in 1968, Pantelouris found that these mice have no thymus gland, which suggested that the mice lack transplan- tion immunity against xenografts such as human hematopoietic stem cells. At the Nude Mouse Workshops (organized by Regard, Povlsen, Nomura and colleagues) that were held nine times between 1972 and 1997, the possibility of creating a humanized mouse using nude mice was extensively examined. The results, however, showed that certain human cancers can be engrafted in nude mice, but unfortunately engraftment of normal human tissue was almost impossible.
Modeling Hematologic Malignancies And Their Treatment In Humanized Mice
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Author : Ilya Leskov (Ph. D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modeling Hematologic Malignancies And Their Treatment In Humanized Mice written by Ilya Leskov (Ph. D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Approximately 10% of all cancer deaths in the United States are due to neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias and lymphomas. Genetically engineered mouse models of these diseases have yielded invaluable insights into the ways normal processes become corrupted, leading to cancer development, progression, and spreading. Yet, as our understanding of cancer in mice grows more sophisticated, it is important to be aware of vital differences between murine models and human patients, differences in basic physiology, immunology, and in susceptibility to cancer itself. Furthermore, as anti-neoplastic therapy becomes increasingly focused on human-specific therapies, mouse models become less useful in screening and evaluating potential new therapies. Humanized mice - immunodeficient animals engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that subsequently give rise to various mature blood lineage cells - are an elegant solution to these problems, as they offer an ethical and practical way to study human cell biology in vivo. Recent advances in human HSC culture and expansion make it possible not only to generate large cohorts of humanized mice, but also to modify HSCs genetically prior to their engraftment. Such transgenesis of adult human stem cells permits modeling of hematologic malignancies in human cells. To that end, a lentiviral vector capable of stoichiometric expression of up to three transgenes in a B cell-specific manner was constructed; in this case, these transgenes included the GFP reporter and the clinically-important oncogenes Bcl-2 and Myc. Enforced overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in a benign B cell hyperplasia, but overexpression of Bcl-2 in combination with Myc led to a rapid development of an aggressive disease that recapitulated the histopathological and clinical aspects of human progenitor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pro-B ALL). Leukemic cells that arise in these mice expressed CD52 and were transplantable into secondary recipients; these were subsequently used to test the efficacy of a human specific monoclonal antibody to CD52, alemtuzumab, which is currently approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but not ALL. Alemtuzumab treatment of secondary mice resulted in an almost complete clearance of leukemic blasts from the periphery and a significant improvement in life expectancy, and antibody-dependent tumor cell killing was shown to be mediated by macrophages. The lack of alemtuzumab activity in the brain and bone marrow of the mice was investigated, and overcome by combining alemtuzumab with the commonly used chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide. Great synergy between alemtuzumab and cyclophosphamide seen in this model suggests that a further investigation into this clinically relevant drug combination is well warranted.
Development Of Dual Reconstituted Humanized Mice For Studies Of Hiv 1 Neuropathogenesis
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Author : Weizhe Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Development Of Dual Reconstituted Humanized Mice For Studies Of Hiv 1 Neuropathogenesis written by Weizhe Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Challenging Development Of A Humanized Mouse Model For Evaluating The Htlv 1 Infection And Leukemogenic Process In Vivo
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Author : Julien Villaudy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Challenging Development Of A Humanized Mouse Model For Evaluating The Htlv 1 Infection And Leukemogenic Process In Vivo written by Julien Villaudy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Simian Virology
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Author : Alexander F. Voevodin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-08-06
Simian Virology written by Alexander F. Voevodin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-06 with Medical categories.
Simian Virology is the first text to comprehensively cover all currently known simian viruses. Chapters provide an overview of nonhuman primate models of medically important viral diseases as well as natural infections of nonhuman primates with human and animal viruses. The text covers a variety of topics including primate models of medically important viral diseases such as AIDS, hypotheses on the origins of epidemic forms of HIV, and viral diseases caused by non-simian viruses in both wild and captive primates.
A Novel Humanized Mouse Model For Evaluating Mechanisms Of Self Tolerance And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Immunogenicity
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Author : Matthew E. Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
A Novel Humanized Mouse Model For Evaluating Mechanisms Of Self Tolerance And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Immunogenicity written by Matthew E. Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Two fundamental considerations in the development of effective regenerative medicine therapies are A) in vivo function of the therapy, and B) the patient-specific immune response to the therapy i.e. immunogenicity. As human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation protocols more reliably yield cells which accurately mimic primary cell function, PSC immunogenicity will increasingly be a key consideration for translation of these therapies to the clinic. This dissertation focuses on this second question of immunogenicity, specifically regarding a PSC type known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). First, we examine the current research in the field and explore the use of humanized mouse models for regenerative medicine applications. Humanized mouse models allow us to experimentally test immunological hypotheses regarding PSC and other regenerative medicine therapies, and are very effective tools for evaluating pre-clinical therapies when combined with complementary in vitro assays of immunogenicity. Next, we detail the development of a novel humanized model, called the "NeoThy," which provides significant biological advantages for studies of human immune function, and bypasses certain ethical controversies associated with this area of research. The NeoThy incorporates neonatal thymus and cord blood tissues, which are much more abundant than the fetal sources currently used for conventional humanized mouse models. The use of non-fetal tissue allows for humanization of large numbers of NeoThy animals compared to fetal controls. This enables in-depth characterization of donor specimens and greater experimental consistency vs fetal tissue-based models. The NeoThy has equivalent human immune cell engraftment compared to fetal tissue humanized mice and exhibits T cell functionality in multiple assays. The dissertation next demonstrates reprogramming of iPSC lines from neonatal donors and creation of NeoThy mice to investigate the immune reaction to iPSC cell transplants. Lastly, we explore additional data related to humanized mice, PSC immunogenicity, and mechanisms of self-tolerance including Graft vs Host Disease, differential human cell engraftment in male vs female immune-deficient mice, thymic cellular composition and the impact of thymic developmental status on T cell development
