Recent Advances In Metrology And Fundamental Constants
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Recent Advances In Metrology And Fundamental Constants
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Author : T.J. Quinn
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2001-12-18
Recent Advances In Metrology And Fundamental Constants written by T.J. Quinn and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12-18 with Science categories.
The exchange between physics and metrology is always fascinating and exciting. Many are the open problems in physics that call for extremely precise standards, many are the advances in metrology made possible by a deep and assiduous study of the underlying physics. One has just to think of the enormous sophistication required in the measurements of some absolute quantities such as the Avogadro, the gas, or the gravitational constants. It is also worth noticing that not only the units of a metrological system are interrelated through the fundamental constants, but also the latter find their full significance when they are determined through the most exacting metrological experiments. Over the past decade many improvements took place and these are discussed in this book; from one side the old caesium SI second definition has found a new realisation, with the “fountain” approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of “cold” atom techniques, in which bunches of inert atoms are collected, slowed down, and cooled, has opened a number of new and unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants; one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another important “quantum jump” was the demonstration of the possibility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using ultra short femtosecond pulses. In addition, the possibility of “counting” electrons or photons gave a fundamental support to the development of single-electron capacitance standards and to new scenarios in the absolute calibration of photo-detectors.
Metrology And Fundamental Constants
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Author : International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2007-10-26
Metrology And Fundamental Constants written by International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-26 with Science categories.
This volume can be justified by the following three facts, the need to provide, from time to time, a co-ordinated set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology, the increasing intertwining between Fundamental Physics and the practice of Metrological Measurements, and, third, the flurry of new and unexpected discoveries in this field, with a correlated series of Nobel Prizes bestowed to individuals working in Fundamental Constants research and novel experimental methods. One of the most fascinating and exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements, as well as the determination of the values and interrelations between the Fundamental Constants. In some cases, such as the caesium fountains clocks or the optical frequency standards, the definition of the value of a quantity is, in the laboratory, in the region of 10-16 and experiments are under way to reach 10-18. Many of these results and the avenues leading to further advances are discussed in this volume, along a major step in metrology, expected in the near future, which could change the “old” definition of the kilogram, still based on a mechanical artefact, toward a new definition resting on a fixed value of a fundamental constant.
Quantum Metrology And Fundamental Physical Constants
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Author : A.A. Lucas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Quantum Metrology And Fundamental Physical Constants written by A.A. Lucas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Science categories.
The object of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to pre sent a tutorial 'introduction both to the basic physics of recent spectacular advances achieved in the field of metrology and to the determination of fundamental physical constants. When humans began to qualify their description of natural phenomena, metrology, the science of measurement, developed along side geometry and mathematics. However, flam antiquity to modern times, the role of metrology was mostly restricted to the need of commercial, social or scientific transactions of local or at most national scope. Beginning with the Renaissance, and particularly in western Europe during the last century, metrology rapidly developed an international character as a result of growing needs for more accurate measurements and common standards in the emerging indus trial society. Although the concerns of metrology are deeply rooted to fundamental sciences, it was, until recently, perceived by much of the scientific community as mostly custodial in character.
Metrology And Physical Constants
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Author : A. Di Giuseppe
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2013-10-21
Metrology And Physical Constants written by A. Di Giuseppe and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-21 with Science categories.
The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact. This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions. This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.
Recent Advances In Metrology And Fundamental Constants
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Author : Terry J. Quinn
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2001
Recent Advances In Metrology And Fundamental Constants written by Terry J. Quinn and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Science categories.
Over the last decade of the 20th century, many improvements took place in the field of metrology and fundamental constants. These developments and improvements are discussed in this book. The old caesium SI second definition has found a new realization with the fountain approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of cold atom techniques, slowed down and cooled, has opened a number of unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants, one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another development was the demonstration of the possiblility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using short femtosecond pulses. Many other developments are also discussed.
Metrology And Fundamental Constants
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Author : Theo W. Hänsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Metrology And Fundamental Constants written by Theo W. Hänsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Science categories.
Gravitational Measurements Fundamental Metrology And Constants
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Author : V. de Sabbata
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Gravitational Measurements Fundamental Metrology And Constants written by V. de Sabbata and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Italy, May 2-12, 1987
Metrology And Physical Constants
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Author : E. Bava
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Metrology And Physical Constants written by E. Bava and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Science categories.
Annotation The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact.This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions.This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.
Metrology From Physics Fundamentals To Quality Of Life
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Author : P. Tavella
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2018-01-03
Metrology From Physics Fundamentals To Quality Of Life written by P. Tavella and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-03 with Science categories.
Metrology is a constantly evolving field, and one which has developed in many ways in the last four decades. This book presents the proceedings of the Enrico Fermi Summer School on the topic of Metrology, held in Varenna, Italy, from 26 June to 6 July 2017. This was the 6th Enrico Fermi summer school devoted to metrology, the first having been held in 1976. The 2017 program addressed two major new directions for metrology: the work done in preparation for a possible re-definition of four of the base units of the SI in 2018, and the impact of the application of metrology to issues addressing quality of life – such as global climate change and clinical and food analysis – on science, citizens and society. The lectures were grouped into three modules: metrology for quality of life; fundamentals of metrology; and physical metrology and fundamental constants, and topics covered included food supply and safety; biomarkers; monitoring climate and air quality; new IS units; measurement uncertainty; fundamental constants; electrical metrology; optical frequency standards; and photometry and light metrology. The book provides an overview of the topics and changes relevant to metrology today, and will be of interest to both academics and all those whose work involves any of the various aspects of this field.
Units In Physics And Chemistry Einheiten In Physik Und Chemie
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Author : Otfried Madelung
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1991-12-16
Units In Physics And Chemistry Einheiten In Physik Und Chemie written by Otfried Madelung and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-12-16 with Science categories.
The idea to publish a Landolt-Börnstein volume solely devoted to the Fundamental Constants and the Physical and Chemical Units arose during the preparation of a symposium on "Metrology in Physics" held at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany. It was felt that such a volume could be very useful from many viewpoints. Precision measurement is of crucial importance for the progress of modern science and technology, and "Metrology", the art of performing precise measurements has become a widely acknowledged area of truly interdisciplinary character. The significance of the fundamental constants for the understanding of physics is by now well accepted, their use for the realization of the physical and chemical units being undoubted. The amount of available information turned out to be so substantial that the volume had to be split into two subvolumes. The present subvolume a covers the physical and chemical units, their description as well as the measuring principles and precision experimental techniques. In subvolume b which will follow shortly the status of the determination of the fundamental constants is summarized.