Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support
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Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Agricultural subsidies categories.
High levels of protection and domestic support for farmers in industrial countries significantly affect many developing countries, both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs--in both rich and poor countries--and domestic support may also lower the world price of agricultural products, benefiting net importers. Hoekman, Ng, and Olarreaga assess the impact of reducing tariffs and domestic support in a sample of 119 countries. Least developed countries (LDCs) are disproportionately affected by agricultural support policies. More than 18 percent of LDC exports are subject to domestic support in at least one World Trade Organization (WTO) member, as compared to only 9 percent of their imports. For other developing countries the figures are around 4 percent for both their exports and imports. So, the prevailing pattern of trade suggests the world price-reducing effect of agricultural domestic support policies may induce a welfare loss in LDCs. The authors develop a simple partial equilibrium model of global trade in commodities that benefit from domestic support in at least one WTO member. The simulation results suggest there will be large differences between LDCs and other developing economies in terms of the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs as compared to a 50 percent cut in domestic support. Developing countries as a group would suffer a welfare loss from a cut in support, while LDCs would experience a small gain. For both groups of countries, tariff reductions by WTO members--including own liberalization--will have a positive effect on welfare. The results show both the importance of focusing on tariffs as well as subsities, and the need for complementary actions to allow a domestic supply response to occur in developing countries if world prices rise. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effects of trade-related policies on developing countries.
Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support
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Author : Bernard Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domestic Support written by Bernard Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
High levels of protection and domestic support for farmers in industrial countries significantly affect many developing countries, both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs - in both rich and poor countries - and domestic support may also lower the world price of agricultural products, benefiting net importers.Hoekman, Ng, and Olarreaga assess the impact of reducing tariffs and domestic support in a sample of 119 countries. Least developed countries (LDCs) are disproportionately affected by agricultural support policies. More than 18 percent of LDC exports are subject to domestic support in at least one World Trade Organization (WTO) member, as compared to only 9 percent of their imports. For other developing countries the figures are around 4 percent for both their exports and imports. So, the prevailing pattern of trade suggests the world price-reducing effect of agricultural domestic support policies may induce a welfare loss in LDCs.The authors develop a simple partial equilibrium model of global trade in commodities that benefit from domestic support in at least one WTO member. The simulation results suggest there will be large differences between LDCs and other developing economies in terms of the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs as compared to a 50 percent cut in domestic support. Developing countries as a group would suffer a welfare loss from a cut in support, while LDCs would experience a small gain. For both groups of countries, tariff reductions by WTO members - including own liberalization - will have a positive effect on welfare. The results show both the importance of focusing on tariffs as well as subsities, and the need for complementary actions to allow a domestic supply response to occur in developing countries if world prices rise.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effects of trade-related policies on developing countries.
Reducing Agriculture Tariffs Versus Domestic Support
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Reducing Agriculture Tariffs Versus Domestic Support written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Agricultural subsidies categories.
Agricultural Policy Reform In The Wto
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Author : Mary E. Burfisher
language : en
Publisher: Nova Biomedical Books
Release Date : 2003
Agricultural Policy Reform In The Wto written by Mary E. Burfisher and has been published by Nova Biomedical Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Agriculture and state categories.
Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countries that use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organisation (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others realise what is at stake in the global agricultural negotiations, this book quantifies the costs of global agricultural distortions and the potential benefits of their full elimination. It also analyses the effects on US and world agriculture if only partial reform is achieved in liberalising tariffs, tariff-rate quotas (limits on imported goods), domestic support, and export subsidies.
Agricultural Tariffs Or Subsidies
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Author : Bernard Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Agricultural Tariffs Or Subsidies written by Bernard Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This article assesses the impact of the world price-depressing effect of agricultural subsidies and border protection in OECD countries on developing economies' exports, imports, and welfare. Developing economy exporters are likely to benefit from reductions in such subsidies and trade barriers, whereas net importers may lose as world prices rise. A simple partial equilibrium model of global trade in commodities that benefit from domestic support or export subsidies is developed to estimate the relevant elasticities. Simulation results suggest that a 50 percent reduction in border protection will have a much larger positive impact on developing economies' exports and welfare than a 50 percent reduction in agricultural subsidies. Although there is significant heterogeneity across developing economies, the results suggest that efforts in the Doha Round of WTO negotiations should be directed at substantially reducing border protection.
Agricultural Tariffs Or Subsidies
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Author : Bernard Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Agricultural Tariffs Or Subsidies written by Bernard Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Electronic book categories.
Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domest Support What S More Important For Developing Countries
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Reducing Agricultural Tariffs Versus Domest Support What S More Important For Developing Countries written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Global Agricultural Trade And Developing Countries
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Author : M. Ataman Aksoy
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004-11-01
Global Agricultural Trade And Developing Countries written by M. Ataman Aksoy and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO negotiations.
The Uruguay Round Agreement On Agriculture
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2001
The Uruguay Round Agreement On Agriculture written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Agriculture and state categories.
Annotation Conducted under the auspices of the OECD's Committee for Agriculture, this report analyzes the implementation of three aspects of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture: market access, domestic support, and export subsidies in OECD countries. Among the main findings of the report are the assessment that immediate quantitative effects have been minimal, average tariffs are still high, tariff- quotas are underused, and domestic support is highly concentrated in a few countries. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Agriculture And The World Trade Organisation
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Author : G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy
language : en
Publisher: Les Editions de la MSH
Release Date : 2008-05-05
Agriculture And The World Trade Organisation written by G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy and has been published by Les Editions de la MSH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-05 with categories.
The volume offers to the reader a multi-faceted dialogue between noted experts from two major agricultural countries, both founding members of the Word Trade Organisation, each one with different stakes in the great globalisation game. After providing the recent historical background of agricultural policies in India and France, the contributors address burning issues related to market and regulation, food security and food safety, the expected benefits from the WTO and the genuine problems raised by the new forms of international trade in agriculture, including the sensitive question of intellectual property rights in bio-technologies. This informed volume underlines the necessity of moving beyond the North-South divide, in order to address the real challenges of the future.