Reference And Existence
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Reference And Existence
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Author : Saul A. Kripke
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-01
Reference And Existence written by Saul A. Kripke and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-01 with Philosophy categories.
Reference and Existence, Saul Kripke's John Locke Lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic Naming and Necessity. It confronts important issues left open in that work -- among them, the semantics of proper names and natural kind terms as they occur in fiction and in myth; negative existential statements; the ontology of fiction and myth (whether it is true that fictional characters like Hamlet, or mythical kinds like bandersnatches, might have existed). In treating these questions, he makes a number of methodological observations that go beyond the framework of his earlier book -- including the striking claim that fiction cannot provide a test for theories of reference and naming. In addition, these lectures provide a glimpse into the transition to the pragmatics of singular reference that dominated his influential paper, "Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference" -- a paper that helped reorient linguistic and philosophical semantics. Some of the themes have been worked out in later writings by other philosophers -- many influenced by typescripts of the lectures in circulation -- but none have approached the careful, systematic treatment provided here. The virtuosity of Naming and Necessity -- the colloquial ease of the tone, the dazzling, on-the-spot formulations, the logical structure of the overall view gradually emerging over the course of the lectures -- is on display here as well.
Reference And Existence
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Author : Saul A. Kripke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Reference And Existence written by Saul A. Kripke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Modality (Logic) categories.
Reference And Existence
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Author : Saul A. Kripke
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-01-15
Reference And Existence written by Saul A. Kripke and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-15 with Philosophy categories.
Reference and Existence, Saul Kripke's John Locke Lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic Naming and Necessity. It confronts important issues left open in that work -- among them, the semantics of proper names and natural kind terms as they occur in fiction and in myth; negative existential statements; the ontology of fiction and myth (whether it is true that fictional characters like Hamlet, or mythical kinds like bandersnatches, might have existed). In treating these questions, he makes a number of methodological observations that go beyond the framework of his earlier book -- including the striking claim that fiction cannot provide a test for theories of reference and naming. In addition, these lectures provide a glimpse into the transition to the pragmatics of singular reference that dominated his influential paper, Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference -- a paper that helped reorient linguistic and philosophical semantics. Some of the themes have been worked out in later writings by other philosophers -- many influenced by typescripts of the lectures in circulation -- but none have approached the careful, systematic treatment provided here. The virtuosity of Naming and Necessity -- the colloquial ease of the tone, the dazzling, on-the-spot formulations, the logical structure of the overall view gradually emerging over the course of the lectures -- is on display here as well.
Empty Representations
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Author : Manuel García-Carpintero
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-08-14
Empty Representations written by Manuel García-Carpintero and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-14 with Philosophy categories.
It is the linguistic job of singular terms to pick out the objects that we think or talk about. But what about singular terms that seem to fail to designate anything, because the objects they refer to don't exist? We can employ these terms in meaningful thought and talk, which suggests that they are succeeding in fulfilling their representational task. A team of leading experts presents new essays on the much-debated problem of empty reference and thought. In the 1960s and 1970s Keith Donnellan, David Kaplan, Saul Kripke and Hilary Putnam initiated a revolution in the then standard conception of reference—a concept at the core of philosophical inquiry. The repercussions of the revolution, particularly felt in metaphysics and epistemology, were soon refined by other influential writers such as Tyler Burge, Gareth Evans, and John Perry. They argued that some linguistic and mental representations have contents individuated by what they are about—by ordinary referents of expressions such as proper names, indexicals, definite descriptions and common nouns, i.e. by planets, people or natural kinds. The view was at odds with a central philosophical presumption at that time: that cognitive and linguistic access to objective reality is indirect and accidental, mediated by general descriptive characterizations, the only constitutive semantic feature of the expressions; hence its ontological and epistemological repercussions. A turning-point in the debate about how linguistic and mental representation reach external contents concerned the nature of empty mental and linguistic representations, framed by means of the very same expressions crucially invoked in the Donnellan-Kaplan-Kripke-Putnam arguments. The papers in this volume address different aspects of reference and thought about the (apparently) non-existent.
The End Of Existence
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Author : Garvin Rampersad
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-09
The End Of Existence written by Garvin Rampersad and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-09 with Philosophy categories.
First published in 1998, this volume aims to counter the paradoxes of causality and induction as presented by empirical scepticism, though the work is not a dry critique of others' efforts in this area. In order to address these issues, the author presents his instinctive belief in the interconnectedness of the world's elements from a conceptual point of view. The work is not epistemological, but metaphysical and logical, and the assumptions are made in these areas. The principal concept is "membership", which appears in logic, language and metaphysics. Truth, existence and reference are shown to be forms of membership and, as such, invalid concepts. The famous paradoxes stretch from that of the liar to Russell's result from this misconception, which is responsible for the paradoxes of causality and induction.
The Existence Principle
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Author : Q.B. Gibson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Existence Principle written by Q.B. Gibson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
When we ask whether something exists, we expect a yes or no answer, not a further query about what kind of existence, how much of it, whether we mean existence for you or existence for me, or whether we are asking about some property which it might have. In this book, this simple requirement is defended and pursued into its various and sometimes surprising implications. In the course of this pursuit, such questions arise as `Do appearances exist?' `Do unknowable things exist?' `Do past and future exist?' `Does God necessarily exist?' This novel and non-technical approach to important philosophical questions will be of interest to senior students of philosophy and, indeed, to all general readers with philosophical interests.
Essays On Reference Language And Mind
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Author : Keith Donnellan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-06-13
Essays On Reference Language And Mind written by Keith Donnellan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-13 with Philosophy categories.
Keith Donnellan is one of the major figures in 20th century philosophy of language and mind, a key member of the highly influential group that altered the course of philosophy of language and mind around 1970. An innovative philosopher, Donnellan's primary contributions were published in article form rather than books. This volume presents a highly focused collection of articles by Donnellan, beginning with his 1966 groundbreaking "Reference and Definite Descriptions," historically the first move in the direct reference direction. In the late sixties and early 1970's, the philosophy of language and mind went through a paradigm shift, with the then-dominant Fregean theory being questioned by what has come to be known as "the direct reference turn." Donnellan played a key role in this shift, focusing on the relation of reference--a touchstone in the philosophy of language--and the relation of "thinking about"--a key idea in the philosophy of mind. The debates about the metaphysical and epistemological foundations of direct reference ended up forming the agendas of the philosophies of language and mind. Donnellan's ideas are the heart of such ongoing debates. This volume, which collects his key contributions dating from the late 1960's through the early 1980's alongside an introduction by one of the editors, Joseph Almog, disseminates the work to a new audience and for posterity. This collection will be of interest to philosophers of language and mind, and of contemporary metaphysics and epistemology, as well as of linguistics and cognitive psychology.
Denying Existence
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Author : A. Chakrabarti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Denying Existence written by A. Chakrabarti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Philosophy categories.
This book tries to explore, in language as non-technical as possible, the deepest philosophical problems regarding the logical status of empty (singular) terms such as `Pegasus', `Batman', `The impossible staircase departs in Escher's painting `Ascending-Descending'+ etc., and regarding sentences which deny the existence of singled-out fictional entities. It will be fascinating for literary theorists with a flair for logic, to students of metaphysics and philosophy of language, and for historians of philosophy interested in the fate of the Russell-Meinong debate. For teachers of these aspects of analytic philosophy this will provide a textbook which goes beyond the Western tradition (without plunging into any mystical Eastern `Emptiness', which is what some previous comparative philosophers did!).
Naming And Necessity
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Author : Saul A. Kripke
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1980
Naming And Necessity written by Saul A. Kripke and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Philosophy categories.
If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. From a critique of the dominant tendency to assimilate names to descriptions and more generally to treat their reference as a function of their Fregean sense, surprisingly deep and widespread consequences may be drawn. The largely discredited distinction between accidental and essential properties, both of individual things (including people) and of kinds of things, is revived. So is a consequent view of science as what seeks out the essences of natural kinds. Traditional objections to such views are dealt with by sharpening distinctions between epistemic and metaphysical necessity; in particular by the startling admission of necessary a posteriori truths. From these, in particular from identity statements using rigid designators whether of things or of kinds, further remarkable consequences are drawn for the natures of things, of people, and of kinds; strong objections follow, for example to identity versions of materialism as a theory of the mind. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here published with a substantial new Preface by the author.
Terms And Truth
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Author : Alan Berger
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2005-01-14
Terms And Truth written by Alan Berger and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-14 with Philosophy categories.
In this book, Alan Berger further develops the new theory of reference—as formulated by Kripke and Putnam—applying it in novel ways to many philosophical problems concerning reference and existence. Berger argues that his notion of anaphoric background condition and anaphoric links within a linguistic community are crucial not only to a theory of reference, but to the analysis of these problems as well. The book is organized in three parts. In part I, Berger distinguishes between two styles of rigid designation. Based on this distinction, he develops a theory of reference change for rigid designator terms and shows how this distinction sheds light on identity statements. In part II, he offers an account of belief attribution containing vacuous names within the belief context, of intentional identity statements, and of true negative existential statements. In part III, he analyzes anaphoric expressions (i.e., expressions whose reference is determined in part by other clauses or sentences in a given discourse) and presents a formalization of anaphora and plural quantification.