Reflexive Structures

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Reflexive Structures

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Author : Luis E. Sanchis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Reflexive Structures written by Luis E. Sanchis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.

Reflexive Structures: An Introduction to Computability Theory is concerned with the foundations of the theory of recursive functions. The approach taken presents the fundamental structures in a fairly general setting, but avoiding the introduction of abstract axiomatic domains. Natural numbers and numerical functions are considered exclusively, which results in a concrete theory conceptually organized around Church's thesis. The book develops the important structures in recursive function theory: closure properties, reflexivity, enumeration, and hyperenumeration. Of particular interest is the treatment of recursion, which is considered from two different points of view: via the minimal fixed point theory of continuous transformations, and via the well known stack algorithm. Reflexive Structures is intended as an introduction to the general theory of computability. It can be used as a text or reference in senior undergraduate and first year graduate level classes in computer science or mathematics.

Uniformly Reflexive Structures

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Author : Eric Gerhardt Wagner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963

Uniformly Reflexive Structures written by Eric Gerhardt Wagner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Recursive functions categories.

Interpretation Of English Reflexives By Child And Adult L2 Learners

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Author : Amer Al Kafri
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2013-07-16

Interpretation Of English Reflexives By Child And Adult L2 Learners written by Amer Al Kafri and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This book casts new light on the debate of adult L2 learners’ access to Universal Grammar (UG) by comparing the performance of adult L2 learners with that of child L2 learners. The study in this book compares Arabic- and Chinese-speaking child and adult L2 learners’ acquisition of English reflexives, particularly concentrating on the differences between child and adult L2 learners in terms of their a) acquisition of the local binding of English reflexives, b) obedience of UG constraints on reflexives and c) knowledge of the syntactic differences between reflexives and pronouns. The outline of the book goes as follows: chapter one is a general introduction to the study. Chapter two discusses the linguistic assumptions and empirical evidence of Usage-Based-Approaches and Generative Approaches with regards to language acquisition, in general, and the interpretation of reflexives, in particular. Adopting Generative Grammar as a theoretical background for this study, age effects on access to UG in first and second language acquisition are discussed in chapter three. Chapter four presents different views on access to UG in second language acquisition and reviews previous studies on the acquisition of reflexives by L2 learners. Chapter five discusses the methodology of this study in terms of participants’ selection, materials used, procedures followed and data analysed. Chapter six presents the results of the study, and chapter seven discusses the results of the study with regards to previous studies and theories. The study shows that the grammar of adult L2 learners is constrained by UG and they can have full access to UG in advanced stages of L2 acquisition. The findings of this study will be of interest to L2 researchers in generative grammar, in general, and in second language acquisition, in particular.

Chinese Reflexives

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Author : William Xian-fu Yu
language : en
Publisher: Peeters Publishers
Release Date : 2000

Chinese Reflexives written by William Xian-fu Yu and has been published by Peeters Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Foreign Language Study categories.

This book presents the Chinese reflexivisation system, investigating the different types of Chinese reflexive constructions and offering an analysis of these, in an attempt to integrate syntactic, morphological and discourse-related aspects of the phenomena. In Chinese, two distinct types of reflexive have been widely discussed in the literature: simplex reflexive ziji "self", which is a long-distance reflexive, and complex reflexive pronoun + ziji, such as taziji "himself", which must be locally bound. In addition, Chinese has a kind of double reflexive construction, such as ziji-benshen, and reflexive clitics zi "self" and ziwo "self". This book argues that reflexive clitics must be locally bound; and that under certain conditions, both simplex reflexive ziji and complex reflexives can be locally bound, long-distance bound, or even free in an entire sentence. This study proposes that every type of reflexive has two structures: one is an anaphoric structure, while the other is a logophoric structure. When a verb assigns an anaphoric theta role, the reflexive can have the anaphoric structure and the head of the reflexive NP is allowed to adjoin the head of the VP at LF. If a reflexive cannot receive an anaphoric theta role, it can have a logophoric structure. In the logophoric structure, the head of the reflexive DP must be a pro in order to receive the disjoint theta role from the verb.

Conflicting Structures

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Author : Vladimir Lefebvre
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2015-02-16

Conflicting Structures written by Vladimir Lefebvre and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-16 with Science categories.

The first edition of this book appeared in 1967 (in Russian). In that edition, the author introduced two completely new concepts: that of a reflexive system (a system that has an image of the self) and that of reflexive control (conveying a basis for making the decision that is advantageous to the side conducting the reflexive control); both concepts have since become firmly established in modern theories of decision-making. The book contains the author's model of the Universe as a reflexive system (Janus-Cosmology) as well as the description of a device that turns fears into reality through reflexive control, constructed by the author for the purpose of experimental study. In addition, the author also explains how to use reflexive control over processes of reflexive control.

Icelandic Morphosyntax And Argument Structure

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Author : Jim Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-01-05

Icelandic Morphosyntax And Argument Structure written by Jim Wood and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This book provides a detailed study of Icelandic argument structure alternations within a syntactic theory of argument structure. Building on recent theorizing within the Minimalist Program and Distributed Morphology, the author proposes that much of what is traditionally attributed to syntax should be relegated to the interfaces, and adapts the late insertion theory of morphology to semantics. The resulting system forms sound-meaning pairs by generating hierarchical structures that can be translated into morphological representations, on the one hand, and semantic representations, on the other. The syntactic primitives, however, underdetermine both morphophonology and semantics. Without appealing to special stipulations, the theory derives constraints on the external argument of causative-alternation verbs, interpretive restrictions on nominative objects, and the optionally agentive interpretation of verbs denoting self-directed motion.

Reflexivity

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Author : Nicholas Rescher
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-05-02

Reflexivity written by Nicholas Rescher and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-02 with Philosophy categories.

The book seeks to characterize reflexive conceptual structures more thoroughly and more precisely than has been done before, making explicit the structure of paradox and the clear connections to major logical results. The goal is to trace the structure of reflexivity in sentences, sets, and systems, but also as it appears in propositional attitudes, mental states, perspectives and processes. What an understanding of patterns of reflexivity offers is a deeper and de-mystified understanding of issues of semantics, free will, and the nature of consciousness.

Algebra Of Conscience

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Author : V.A. Lefebvre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Algebra Of Conscience written by V.A. Lefebvre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Philosophy categories.

Conscience is an essential human attribute. Nevertheless, in the construction of formal models of the subject it is customarily left outside the framework of theoretical analysis. The Algebra of Conscience, whose first edition appeared in 1982, was the first specialized work modeling the phenomenon of conscience. The method used in this book made it possible to connect moral experience with decision-making procedures on the level of mathematical models. The application of such models allows us to propose the hypothesis of two fundamentally different ethical systems determining the normative patterns of human behavior in situations of conflict. Under the first ethical system the subject's self-esteem is raised if the subject seeks to resolve the conflict; in the second it is raised by seeking to dramatize the conflict. The new edition of The Algebra of Conscience is significantly expanded. The second part of the book, devoted to moral choice, is completely new. Based on the theory presented in the first part, it constructs the model of a subject capable of making an intentional choice. A special variable corresponds to the subject's intention. This development allows us to include within the model freedom of will and freedom of choice, and also to generalize classical 2×2 game theory to the case where outcomes, in addition to having utility measures, are either `positive' or `negative.' In its concluding chapters the book constructs a dynamic model of the intentional subject faced with a choice between two alternatives, neither of which is morally acceptable for the subject. It is shown that in this case the probabilities of choice of the alternatives may change chaotically. From this it follows that one cannot predict which alternative will be chosen or even the probabilities with which they will be chosen. Audience: The book is addressed to a broad readership having elementaryknowledge of mathematical logic and the theory of probability. It can be used in college courses studying the modelling of moral choice. The book's material can also be used in the design of artificial intelligence systems.

Tzotzil Clause Structure

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Author : J. Aissen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Tzotzil Clause Structure written by J. Aissen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Foreign Language Study categories.

xv NOTES ON THE ORTHOGRAPHY AND CITATIONS xxi LIST OF ABBREVIA TIONS XXIIl CHAPTER 1: GRAMMATICAL NOTES 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Basics 1 3. Major Lexical Classes 2 3. 1. V 3 3. 2. N 3 3. 3. A 5 3. 3. 1. Quantifiers 6 3. 3. 2. Existentials and Locatives 6 4. Minor Lexical Classes 7 4. 1. Clitics 7 4. 1. 1. Clause-proclitic 7 4. 1. 2. S-enclitic 8 4. 1. 3. V-enclitic 8 4. 1. 4. Clause-second 9 4. 2. Directionals 9 4. 3. Particles 11 5. Flagging 11 6. Word Order 12 7. Construction Survey 12 7. 1. Negation 12 13 7. 2. Questions 7. 3. Complement Clauses 14 16 7. 4. Motion cum Purpose 17 7. 5. Topics 7. 6. Prepredicate Position 18 19 Notes CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL SKETCH 20 20 1. Arcs vii Vlll T ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 1. Sets of Grammatical Relations 22 1. 2. Stratum 24 Ergative and Absolutive 1. 3. 25 1. 4. 25 Formal Connections between Arcs 2. Sponsor and Erase 26 2. 1. Successors 26 2. 2. Replacers 28 2. 3. Self-Sponsor and Self-Erase 30 3. Ancestral Relations 31 4. Pair Networks 31 Resolution of Overlapping Arcs 32 5. 6. Coordinate Determination 33 7. Rules and Laws 35 8. Word Order 36 9. APG Versions of RG Laws 36 9. 1. Stratal Uniqueness Law 36 9. 2. Chomeur Law and Motivated Chomage Law 36 Relational Succession Law and Host Limitation Law 9. 3.

Theory And Description In Latin Linguistics

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Author : M. Bolkestein
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2019-09-16

Theory And Description In Latin Linguistics written by M. Bolkestein and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Literary Criticism categories.

With contributions by R. Amacker, C. Bodelot, P. Carvalho, W. Dressler, G. Haverlin, R. Maltby